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݊Õgæt&ÝØ°¨éÄM=õAż èÈæmæD3¼ŸEÌÝI 9œ"µ™XJ E EEÌÌÌÝÝÝààà

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(1)

ΧI.Ý ÍŸÌb×ÝEÌP&bÍ8ETÝF­

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A B

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a 1 a 2

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 ÝÝݶ¶”””

xy

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G



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9 Í 

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M

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r

²

m

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F = G M m

r 2 . (8.1)

f»ðó

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ßÝSæÝGµäyûÒ

r

‚«℄'Pn.‚ÎEÌÝ

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(

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(5)

Λ ÝSæ

(8.1)

©µäy¸Æ ÝûÒ

r ≡ px 2 + y 2 + z 2



.‚3ìÝè D‰Žð

I

ìÎŽÝ

(x, y, z) → (−x, −y, −z). I (8.2)

¨×℄«éæ

F e

õÂæ

F m

ο℄Df®àæ

F e = k e q 1 q 2

r 2 , F m = k m g 1 g 2

r 2 . (8.3)

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G = {1, I}. (8.4)

¶

3.2

X¼ŸEÌ0ŒEÌF­Ÿ

(8.4)

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“

EÌ

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0

T

1

¸ÆñF|

2

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0 0 1

1 1 0

(8.5)

jLÝEÌ

P

¬Îî–Ý

P ′

‚Î

P ≡ (−1) P ′ = ±1. (8.6)

‚ETy

P ′

ÝǑ°

(8.5)

ÝJÎ

P

Ý×ݶ°uÙÝ

P = 1

T

−1

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.

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(6)

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槸ƺ±Õ{p”&$AGX–éݕ¼›

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¯h

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l



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l

 T ‰ ‚   ù Ç  •¼  ó

l

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u

l

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0, 2, 4, · · ·

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+1



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l

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1, 3, 5, · · ·

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−1



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1

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l ′

.

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T

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)

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l ′ = l

Î.&Ý‚&ÆÿÕ

∆l ≡ l ′ − l = ±1. (8.7)

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æmÝ

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ë v«yG–Ýæë ¨é!ÝÎ. ú mæÝæGyéÂæ{$ë Ýú—¬f±$ë H9

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(

¬ !

)

y

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ë Ä

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æmÝ

β

<ŽÚ »; ²¬ÕwŒéÝÄ3Š

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n → p + e ? (8.8a)

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Î  < Ž

(8.8a)

 & Ô  Ý Š I K Î

1

2

 . ‚ 3 Ä   « {  ›  

F­Ý̀æmÝ

β

<Žbv«Ý

h²é¬%2D3yæm/éݲõ›Kœ



∆p

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∆x

º´£Œ•î



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݊XG–ÝæpI.¼¿´èÈTbŠ

ν

D3¸Î

²œT‡yëÝPÔ¶Y»&ÆÌ

(8.8a)

ÝÔ D

Š

ν c

¸ñ”Ý&ÆX:ÕÝõ›

(

|C›

)



n → p + e + ν c . (8.8b)

«

β

év«ŠÎ%2§yæm/Ý Ý 1€Ä

(8.8b)

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β

<Ž«

γ

<ŽTæÝë Ä8 f ´  ð { -  «æ ë Ä Ý v«

β

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e e

n p

e v

é

ééÝÝÝëëë ÄÄÄ

β

<<<ŽŽŽÄÄÄ

(8)

êÞ

1

 Š ã   º ¶

(8.8b)

P < Ž  Í – <  V è 5 Ö  £ #

‚Ï/ÝQ%2D3

ú

úúmmmæææ333mmmæææ

æmãÝmíbŠI‚v¸Æ3m/b8Eݕ¼º›

.‚æm×bŠI›

AGX–um

A

Z X

/Ýó

N = A − Z

Ä9JºbB

aÄ

(8.8b)

<Ž›ŒìÝæm

β

<ŽÄ

A

Z X → Z +1 A Y + e + ν c . (8.9a)

»AÏæm

60

27 Co

º<Ž

(

yksVÝ

)

Çæm

60 28 Ni ∗



60

27 Co → 60 28 Ni ∗ + e + ν c . (8.9b)

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5

õ

4

.‚<Ž¡m݊I3K

1



3æm/D3½.m§œÝæ|C›Œ

β

<Ž

(8.9)

Ý

æ\ßÆ.9°æÙÌ mæv«yæë Ý `n

yæm™ÝóAX•îÝÎEÌÎF­Ý

æ  m Ý

β

< Ž

(8.9)

T

(8.8b)

Î œ X Ý Ä   . ‚ ¸ X — C Ým æ Μ3ÝÄM=Ażõ

Rosenbluth

s¨Ev«y

(8.8b)

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u33mæ<ŽÄ

(8.8b)

.âVÝDŠ

ν c

‚|V݊



ν

JºÿÕìÝ3mæ·ßÄ

n + ν → p + e . (8.10)

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TÝæh!éÂæÎæ¸Ýú—yúmæ¬G

y3mæ9ëË Í®àæ b8« ŒìÝ%î

e e

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p p

n n S

v e

n p W

é

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EEÌÌÌFFF­­­ÝÝÝsss¨¨¨

3

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gæÔ

θ

õ

τ

¸Æ:¼

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33mæÄEÌF­J

θ

õ

τ

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¢ë;

(

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K

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)

 €ÆlÚG™JEÌF­Ý

™óA`s¨K©ÎnyúmæÄݯ».‚€ÆèÈE

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(8.9b)

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î–™ã҈.Ý™NXW€Æs¨<Ž¡ÝéÝs

℄'K«æm݊I℄'8D9ÄÝ` JºÎés ℄

'K«æm݊I℄'8!‚9Î3jt&sßÝ

9JÝ3mæÄÝ`

(

¼Ÿ

)

EÌP

(10)

E » A é  ‡ Š I  › 

s

Ý   ‡ y

1

2

Ž › Ý Ô  

s

3  × ℄ '

(

»Aº›℄'

)

Ý5|Î

+ 1 2 (↑)

T

− 1 2 (↓)

&ÆL

uÔ݊I℄'«º›℄'×lJ̸ ŸWVÝ

uÔ݊I℄'«º›℄'8DJ̸ ¼WVÝ

» A  ¼ W V õ Ÿ W V Ý é  5 ½ B

e L

õ

e R

 ¼ W V Ô  Ý D Ô

ΟWVÝ‚ŸWVÔÝDÔJμWVuƒ'©b¼W

VÔõŸWVDÔ¢3mæÄJŠÕG–Ý™”Œ

éÂæõúmæKÌb¼ŸEÌP|éÂÄ »P¡éμ

WVÝ

e L

TŸWVÝ

e R

DTÄÝú—õ̀P²K8‡

e L e L

p L p L

EM =

e R e R

p L p L

EM = · · · .

¬AGX–3m æ © 3 ¼ W Ô

(

T Ÿ W D Ô 

)

 s ß Ÿ W Ô



(

T¼WDÔ

)

κ¢3mæÄÝ

D3Ä

v L e L

n L p L

W ;

D3Ä

v R e R

n L p L W

T

v R e R

n R p R

W , etc.

îÝ%Œ3mæݼŸEÌP

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