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(1)

第 第 第

第二二二二章習題章習題章習題章習題解答解答解答 解答

1. 計算以下的捲加演算,

] [ ] [ ]

[n x n hn

y = ∗

2 ) cos(

]

[n n

x = π

] 3 [ ] [ 2 ] 5 [ ]

[n =u n+ − u n +u nh

<解答解答解答解答>

] 3 [ ] [ 2 ] 5 [ ]

[n =u n+ − u n +u n

h h[ m− ]

-5 0 3 n 1

n m 1

] [m x

m 1

n m 1

2

)) 1 2( cos(

2 ] [ ] [ ]

[n =x nh n = n+

y π

2. 計算以下的捲積演算,

) ( ) ( )

(t x t h t

y = ∗

(2)

) ( )

(t e 2u t x = t

) 3 ( )

(t =u t+ h

<解答解答解答解答>

) 3 (

)

(t−τ =u t−τ + h

τ τ

τ τ

τ

τ h t d e τu u t d

x t

y( )= ( ) ( − ) = 2 ( ) ( − +3)

0 ) 3 (

) (

3

0 2

0 − + =

=

<

eτu t τ dτ

t y t

2 1 2

) 1

| ( 2 ) 1

( 3

) 3 ( 2 )

3 ( 2 3

0 2 3 2

0

+

+

+

+ = − = − − = −

=

>

t e d e t e t e t

t y t

τ τ τ

3. 一個 LTI 系統的脈衝響應h(t)如下圖所示,

0

1

−∆1

如果輸入為x(t),請寫出其輸出y(t)。在∆→0的情形下,h(t)具有什麼功能?

<解答解答解答解答>

)}

( ) ( 1{ )

( − −∆

= ∆ t t

t

h δ δ

)}

( ) ( 1{ )}

( ) ( ) ( ) ( 1{ ) ( ) ( )

( − −∆

= ∆

∆ ∗

=

=h t x t t x t t x t x t x t

t

y δ δ

) ( )

( )

( lim )

( (1)

0 t t

dt t d h t

g = = δ =δ

.

dt t t dx

x t x t

y ( )

)}

( ) ( 1{ lim )

( 0 − −∆ =

= ∆

It is a differentiator.

4. 一個 LTI 系統的脈衝響應為 h(t)=e|at|

請導出此系統的步進響應。

(3)

<解答解答解答解答>

τ τ

τ d e τd

h t

s( ) t ( ) t |a |

=

=

at t

a t a

ae ae

d e t

s t

for 1

1 | )

( ,

0 = = =

<

τ τ τ

a e a

e a

ae ae

d e d

e t

s t

for

at at

t a a

t a a

= −

− −

= −

= +

=

∫ ∫

2 1 0

1

1 | 1 |

) ( ,

0 0 0

0

0 τ τ τ τ τ τ

5. 一個系統的輸入x(t)與輸出y(t)如下,

x(t)=u(t)−u(t−1)



 ≤ <

= otherwise t t t

y 0,

1 0 ) ,

(

請問此系統是否符合因果律?是否非時變?是否具有記憶性?

<解答解答解答解答>





 ≤ <

=

otherwise t d

t x y

t

, 0

1 0 , ) ) (

( 0 τ τ





 = ≤ <

=

otherwise t t d

h

t

, 0

1 0 , 1 ) ) (

( 0 δ τ τ

τ τ τ h t d x

t

y( ) t ( ) ( )

0

=

It is a causal system.

It is not a memoryless system Let x(t) → x(tt0)

) ( )

( ) ( )

( )

( 0 0

0 0

0t xt h td =

t xt h tdy tt

τ τ τ τ τ τ

The system is time-varying.

6. 一個符合因果律的離散時間系統以下式表示,

] [ ] 1 [ 6 . 0 ]

[n yn xn

y = − +

] [n

x 為輸入訊號,y[n]為輸出訊號。

(a) 請計算其單位脈衝響應h[n] (b) 若輸入訊號為

(4)



 ≤ ≤

= otherwise n n

x 0,

4 0

, ] 1 [

請計算其輸出訊號。

<解答解答解答解答>

(a)

] [ ] 1 [ 6 . 0 ]

[n yn xn

y = − +

1 1 0 ] 0 [ ] 1 [ 6 . 0 ] 0

[ = y − +x = + =

y

0 6 .

0 =

r r=0.6 0 , ) 6 . 0 ( ]

[n =c n

yh n

Let x[n]=u[n] 0 ]

[n =d n

yp

1 6 .

0 +

= d

d d =1/0.4=5/2 0 , 2 / 5 ) 6 . 0 ( ]

[n =c + n

y n

1 2 / 5 ) 6 . 0 ( ] 0

[ =c 0 + =

y c=1−5/2=−3/2

2 ) 5 6 . 0 2( ] 3

[n =− n + h

(b)

2) ) 5 6 . 0 2( ( 3 ]

[ ]

[ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ] [

4

0 4

0

+

=

=

=

=

=

=

−∞

=

∑ ∑

n k

k k

k

k n h k

n h k x n

h n x n y

n n

n k

k n k

n k

n y

) 6 . 0 ( 4589 . 3 5 . 4 12 . 0 92224 . ) 0 6 . 0 2( 3 2 25

6 . 0 1

) 6 . 0 ( ) 1 6 . 0 2( 3 2 ) 25 6 . 0 ( ) 6 . 0 2( 3 2 ) 25 6 . 0 2( 3 2

] 25 [

4 5

0 4

0

×

=

=

− −

=

=

=

=

=

7. 一個 LTI 系統之差分方程式表示如下

[ 1]

2 ] 1 [ ] 2 8 [

] 1 1 4 [

] 1

[n + y n− − y n− =x nx ny

此系統的初始條件為y[−1]=1,y[−2]=2,若輸入為x[n]=2u[n]時,請計算其 輸出y[n]。

<解答解答解答解答>

] 1 2 [

] 1 [ ] 2 8 [

] 1 1 4 [

] 1

[n + y n− − y n− =x nx ny

先求系統方程式的同質解,

(5)

8 0 1 4

2 + 1r− =

r

2 , 1

4 1

2 1

= −

= r

r

0 , 2 ) ( 1 4)

(1 ]

[n =c1 +c2n

yh n n

再求系統方程式的特別解,

] [ 2 ] [n u n

x =

0 ]

[n =d n

yp

1 22 2 1 8 1 4

1 − = − =

+ d d

d

9

= 8 d

最後求系統方程式的完全解,

0 9,

) 8 2 ( 1 4)

(1 ]

[n =c1 +c2 − + n

y n n

1 ] 1 [− =

y y[−2]=2 2 ] 2 8 [ ] 1 1 4 [ ] 1 0

[ + y − − y − =

y 2

8 2 4 ] 1 0

[ + − =

y y[0]=2

1 22 2 1 ] 1 8 [ ] 1 0 4 [ ] 1 1

[ + yy − = − =

y 1

8 2 1 4 ] 1 1

[ + − =

y

8 ] 5 1 [ = y

9 2 ] 8

0

[ =c1+c2 + =

y

9 10

2

1 +c =

c

8 5 9 ) 8 2 ( 1 4) (1 ] 1

[ =c1 +c2 − + =

y

72 ) 19 2 (1 4) (1 2

1c =

c

54 59

1 =

c

54 1

2 = c

0 9,

) 8 2 ( 1 54 ) 1 4 (1 54 ] 59

[n = + − + n

y n n

8. 一個 LTI 系統的微分方程式為 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 2 ( ) ( )

2

t x t y t dt y t d dt y

d + + =

其初始條件為

5 ) 3 0 ( =−

y , 與

5 2 ) 0

( =

= t t

dt y d

若輸入為x(t)=cos(t)u(t),請計算其輸出結果。

(6)

<解答解答解答解答>

) ( ) ( 2 ) ( 3 )

( 2

2

t x t dt y t d dt y t d

y + + =

先求系統方程式的同質解,

0 2 3

1+ r+ r2 = 2 1

, 1 2

1 =− r =−

r

0 , )

( 2

1

2

1 + >

=c e c e t t

yh t t

再求系統方程式的特別解,

) ( ) cos(

)

(t t u t

x =

0 ),

sin(

) cos(

)

(t =d1 t +d2 t t>

yp

) cos(

)) sin(

) cos(

( 2

)) cos(

) sin(

( 3 ) sin(

) cos(

2 1

2 1

2 1

t t

d t d

t d t d t

d t d

=

− +

+

− + +

1 3 2

1+ =

d d −3d1d2 =0

10 3

10 1

˙

2

1 = − d =

d

最後求系統方程式的完全解,

0 ),

10sin(

) 3 10cos(

) 1

( 2

1

2

1 + − + >

=ce c e t t t

t

y t t

0 ),

10cos(

) 3 10sin(

1 2

) 1

( 2

1

2

1 − + + >

= ce c e t t t

t dt y

d t t

5 ) 3 0 ( + =−

y

5 2 ) 0

( =

= + t t

dt y d

5 3 10

1

2 1

= −

− +c

c

5 2 10

3 2

1

2

1 − + =

c c 1

2

2c1+ c2 =− −10c1 −5c2 =1

5 4 10

3

2 1

= −

= c

c

0 ),

10sin(

) 3 10cos(

1 5

4 10

) 3

( 2

1

>

+

= e e t t t

t

y t t

9. 一個 LTI 系統的微分方程式如下

) ( 3 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 2 )

2 (

2

t dtx t d x t y t dt y t d dt y

d + + = +

請繪其直接型第一式與第二式的方塊圖。

<解答解答解答解答>

(7)

) ( 3 ) ( 2 ) ( ) ( 2 ) (

3y(2) t + y(1) t + y t = x(2) t + x(1) t 直接型第一式

) (t

x y(t)

3

2

− 2

− 3

直接型第二式 )

(t

x y(t)

− 2

− 3

3

2

10. 驗證以下的捲積加法演算具有互換性,

] [ ] [ ]

[n x n y n

w = ∗

<解答解答解答解答>

] [ ] [ ]

[n x k y n k

w

k

=

−∞

=

nk =m,則

] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ]

[n x n m y m y m x n m y n x n

w

m m

=

=

=

∑ ∑

−∞

=

−∞

=

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