行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計劃成果報告
兒童投擲動作發展之追蹤研究
The Study of longitudinal research about development of throwing motion of children
計劃編號： 執行期間：92 年 8 月 1 日至 93 年 7 月 30 日 主持人：陳五洲 國立體育學院 運動科學研究所教授 協同主持人：劉有德 台灣師範大學 體育學系副教授 計劃參與人員：邱文信 國立體育學院 體育研究所博士班研究生 一、 中文摘要 投擲動作是人類的基本運動能力之 一，也是許多運動項目的基本形式，此一 動作的良窳關係著日後類似運動技能的學 習與發展。本研究以苗栗縣海口國小三至 六年級 84 位學生為研究對象（三，男 19、 女 15；四，男 13、女 13；五，男 11、女 13），透過投擲技巧發展表，以及自製的投 擲技巧認知測驗卷、投擲自覺能力量表、 環境影響量表以及日常活動量量表，以皮 爾遜積差相關檢驗 9-11 歲學童投擲表現 相關的因素，並檢驗在二年時間當中，相 關參數變化情形。實驗期間為民國九十一 年九月至民國九十三年六月，每三至六個 月追蹤一次，共進行 504 人次的資料收 集。結果如下： 在六次的追蹤當中，所有假設變數方 面，9歲男童以投擲技巧中的上臂技巧及軀 幹技巧均有四次以上的相關；9歲女童在三 十公尺跑步方面也有五次的相關；10歲男 童在日常活動量與自覺能力方面顯示與投 擲距離表現較高次數的相關度，10歲女童 在動作技巧（尤其是上臂的技巧）及技巧 認知方面有較高的相關度，11歲男童則是 在動作技巧方面（尤其是上臂、前臂和軀 幹的技巧）有較高的相關度；11歲女童在 技巧認知及三十公尺跑步方面有較高的相 關度。 Abstract
Throwing is a common movement among the upper extremities activities. This study adapted the Burton’s amendment (1992) of development sequences for overhand
throwing (DSOT), throwing skill recognition (TSE), self-ability competence test (SACT), environmental effect test (EET), 30 meters sprinting（30’ ) and regular activities test (RAT). In order to realize the development of throwing distance and related factors those were associated with throwing distance, we tried to trace the developmental trend of every age from last year to this year（three month period）. Except for using
cross-sectional analysis, the study also took a look at the change of these subjects during a year through longitudinal analysis. Teachers of elementary physical would be provided with holistic research results by the study.
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throwing and throwing distance, as well as the critical factors and throwing distance were examined by Pearson correlation (α =.05). The results of the research were as follow：
The variables among the six trace, as to boy's age nine-year-old, DSOT（the upper arm and trunk rotation skill）had four times significant relationship with throwing distance. As to girl’s age nine-year-old, 30’ had five times significant relationship with throwing distance. As to boy’s age
ten-year-old, RAT and SACT had more times significant relationship with throwing
distance than other variables. As to girls age ten-year-old, important variables were DSOT （upper arm skill） and TSE . As to boys age eleven-year-old, important variables were DSOT（upper arm skill, forearm skill and trunk rotation）. As to girl’s age
eleven-year-old, important variables were TSE and 30’.
To sum up, DSOT of boys’ and TSE and 30’ of girls’ were related factors with throwing distance. However, it is necessary to correct DSOT to match the growth of student’s age 9 to 11-year-old.
二、 背景與目的
3 有較高的相關度。 四、 計劃成果自評 1.本研究屬於追蹤性的研究，單次的樣本 數不高，因此在統計的顯著性上有其 限制，務來如何在統計上突顯追蹤資 料的趨勢將是一項重要的課題。 2.由本研究追蹤9-11歲男、女學童在民國 九十一年九月至九十三年六月間的變 化可以看出各項變數和投擲距離表現 的關係，以及各項變數在這一年中的 變化情形，總體而言，男童主要在技 巧方面，女童則是在技巧認知及三十 公尺表現方面與投擲表現呈現較高的 相關度，不過由此次的追蹤研究也發 現投擲技巧觀察表似乎有修正的需 要，如全班男童在腳步動作上一致呈 現量表最成熟的技巧，導致和投擲表 現沒有顯著相關產生。 3.所有的體育教學均依照學童的發展來 編寫教材，才能適所適性，但是前提 是這仍需更多的基礎研究支持，替台 灣的體育發展提供很好的教育方式。 4.本研究結果適合發表於國內外相關期 刊或研討會。 五、 參考文獻 陳全壽（1987）：由性別差地域差看兒 童 大 肌 肉 活 動 能 力 、 小 肌 肉 活 動 能 力 、 學 科 學 習 能 力 的 發 達 傾 向 及 相 關。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究 計劃成果報告書。 楊梓楣和卓俊伶（1988）：5-12 歲女童接球 動作發展的年齡差異。體育學報，26 輯， 81-88 頁。
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