木質生態工程之劣化；植物復育及環境效益之探討

୯ҥᆵ᡼εᏢғނၗྍᄤၭᏢଣහ݅ᕉნᄤၗྍᏢس ᅺγፕЎ

School of Forestry and Resource Conservation College of Bioresources and Agriculture

National Taiwan University Master Thesis

Е፦ғᄊπำϐӍϯǹ෌ނൺػϷᕉნਏ੻ϐ௖૸

The Study on Deterioration, Vegetation Restoration, and Environment Efficiency of Wooden Eco-Engineering

ᙁ؝ӵ Yi-Ju Chien

ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻ݅ݤ༇ റγ Advisor: Far-Ching Lin, Ph.D.

ύ๮҇୯ 97 ԃ 6 Д

June, 2008

ᇞ!ᖴ!

! ! ݀੿ࢂӀ഍՟ጂǶӣགྷ྽߃ᗋᢌ჎ձΓӵՖૈቪр΋᏾ҁፕЎǴ٠ᚶᅪԾρ

ૈցၲԋҞ኱Ǵᙯ౳ϐ໔ǴԾρഖΨᑃр΋ҁΑǼٿԃޑᅺγ੤ғఱǴനाགᖴ ޑ྽ฅࢂࡰᏤ௲௤݅ݤ༇ԴৣǶόՠӧፐ཰๏ϒ௲ᏤǴΨගٮΑፕЎቪբ΢ޑཀ ـϷࡘԵБӛǹ׳ᒃΚᒃࣁǴӼ௨ਔ໔஥ך΢ξ຾ՉჴᡍǶགᖴԴৣᜫཀගឫך ೭όωᏢғǴΨࡐଯᑫૈ຾ΕԴৣߐΠǴԖ೭ኬޑӳԴৣ੿ޑࢂךޑᅽ਻Ƕ!

! ! གᖴα၂ہ঩Ѡ᡼εᏢЦ݊҉௲௤ǵύᑫεᏢഋၩ҉௲௤ǵύᑫεᏢ݅ߞ፵

௲௤аϷѠεჴᡍ݅ፁமറγಒЈץ᎙ҁፕЎǴ٠ܭα၂ਔࡰрલѨکගٮ೚ӭ ׯ຾ޑࡌ᝼Ǵ٬ϣ৒׳уֹ᏾Ƕ੝ձགᖴፁറγӧᏢғჴᡍය໔ӭԛ๏ϒཀـϷ

ှൽǴӕਔΨाᖴᖴѠεහ݅سߋࣹᄪշ౛௲௤ᄋඉрॷ஑ߐޑ಍ी೬ᡏǴᡣך ჴᡍᆶϩ݋׳ૈ໩ճ຾ՉǶӧԜӛாॺठ΢၈ኑޑᖴཀǼ!

! ! གᖴჴᡍ࠻Ӆ஻ᜤޑუՔॺǺϕ࣬ן࡭Ѻ࡫ፕЎ٠ഉך΢ξޑߓᝊǵࣁჴᡍ

࠻஥ٰ៿኷ޑ஖ᘑǵࡏՙǴ዗ЈᔅԆޑᏢۂࠔⱀǵҭ⡧аϷᏢ׌η፣฻ǹᗋԖྣ

៝ךޑླྀቺཥǵ஭ᙦҦǵᎄோϘᏢߏǴаϷёངޑӕᏢٵಝǶ੝ձᗋाགᖴࡌᑼ όᜏഞྠǴࡰᏤך೭ߐѦᅇӵՖ຾Չჴᡍޑϩ݋૸ፕǶӢࣁգॺǴᡣךࣴزϐၡ

ૈ׳໩ၱǴ٠кᅈ៿኷ޑӣᏫǴߚதᖴᖴεৎǶ!

! ! ྽ฅǴΨᖴᖴ΋ၡوٰۈಖࢂךيЈ٩ᘜޑβ॥ᆸޗӳუՔǺଯύаٰ൩ᇡ

᛽ޑຐҏǵৎەǴ91 ભёངޑӳམᔞ໐ฐǵک֗ǵಛ◖ǴᗋԖ೚ӭྣ៝ךޑᏢߏ ۆаϷёངޑᏢ׌ۂॺǴգॺᡣךޑᏢғғఱ׳ᙦ൤ᆒߍǴຬངβ॥ᆸޗޑεৎǼ!

! ! ԜѦǴΨाགᖴت϶Ԣ◖΋ޔаٰޑЍ࡭ഉՔǶவ໒ۈਔޑӳᆸՔǴډ྽ծ ࡕཥ૽ਔޑႴᓰႝ၉ǴаϷଷВ஥ךрၯණЈǵ೛ीࢲ୏฻Ǵᗋा᠋ךآផܤ࡜Ǵ

྽ঁёኇޑȨڱ֣ఏȩǴ੿ᜤࣁգ೭ঋᙍޑȨЈ౛ᙴғȩΑǴᖴᖴգǶ!

! ! നࡕǴᖴᖴݿݿǵ༰༰ǵѪѪǵѦஇǵۄۄک׌׌฻ངךޑৎΓॺǴӢࣁգ ॺߏΦаٰޑЍ࡭ǵႴᓰϷх৒ǴךωԖ೭ኬ΋ᗺλλޑԋ൩Ǵ੿ޑࡐངգॺǴ

໻аԜЎ᝘๏գॺǶ!

؝ӵ ᙣᇞ 2008.07

ᄔ ा

! ! Ѡ᡼Ӧ୔߈ԃٰഌុڙډ 1999 ԃޑΐΒ΋໣໣εӦ᎜ǵ2001 ԃਲ޲Ϸયಹረ

॥Їวޑβҡࢬߟ᠍Ǵύ೽Ӧ୔ؠݩᝄख़ǶԖᜢൂՏ׫ΕΑεໆޑၗྍ຾Չൺࡌ πբǶ೽ϩޑൺࡌπำ௦ՉȨӢӦڋەǵ൩Ӧڗ׷ȩচ߾Ǵӵࣵҡៈ۞ǵೂ᠈ǵ

਱࢐ԄᏲβᕅ฻ғᄊπำ຾ՉǶ೭྽ύǴ΋٤аЕ፦ғᄊ׷਑ࡌ೷ϐൺࡌπำΨ ς೯ၸࡕុӵ 2004 ԃ௵࿎ճረ॥Ϸځдமረᇬߘ฻ޑԵᡍǶฅԶǴѠ᡼Ӧ୔Ԗᜢ ճҔЕ፦׷਑ᇙբϐғᄊπำਢٯǴϝϿԖଞჹځπݤ೛ीǵࡕុᅱෳᆶຑ՗܈

෌ނൺػރݩ຾ՉၨుΕޑ௖૸ϷࣴزǶࡺҁࣴزջаԜࣁҞ኱Ǵ׆ఈ೸ၸፓࢗǴ

ૈԖܴዴޑኧᏵǴᡣ΋૓ε౲ჹЕ፦ғᄊπำޑ٬Ҕ׳ڀߞЈǶ

! ! ࣴزύଞჹՉࡹଣၭہ཮୍ֽ݅ǵНβߥ࡭ֽаϷᆵεჴᡍ݅ᆅ౛ೀܭؠࡕ ӧەើᑜᆶࠄ׫ᑜᑫࡌϐ࿯ڋᡘǵᏲβᕅаϷݞၰៈ۞฻Е፦ғᄊπำ่ᄬނ຾

Չϩ݋Ƕхࡴ่ᄬނޑᆭԗำࡋǵࡕុϐ่ᄬᡂՏǵᅹનຟӸໆϷࡌ೷ֹԋࡕ෌

ғᙟᇂϐਏ੻Ƕፓ่ࢗ݀ᡉҢǴЕ፦่ᄬނᗨᐕ࿶ࡕុϐረ॥ᇬߘߟ᠍Ǵόၸ׷

਑ޑᆭԗமࡋϝᆢ࡭ؼӳރᄊǴջ٬Ԗ೽ϩᆭԗၨᝄख़Ǵՠ่ᄬᅱෳᗺޑᡂՏϝ ឦᇸ༾Ǵ߄Ңπำڀ࣬྽ำࡋޑᛙۓ܄ǹԶڗж໺಍ฯԄషᏉβπำϐЕ፦׷਑

ғᄊπำǴόՠԖշܭᅹનڰۓǴёԖਏफ़եΒ਼ϯᅹ௨ܫǴܭֹπϐࡕ׳ճܭ

෌ނޑғߏ೏ᙟǴᡉҢځჹ෌ғൺػڀԖ҅य़ϐਏ੻ǴЪёᡣπำ่ᄬނ׳ᑼΕ

ຼᎁᕉნǴ΋ᖐኧளǶҁࣴز٠ૈගٮ҂ٰճҔЕ፦׷਑຾Չғᄊπำ೛ीਔϐ ख़ाୖԵǶ

ȜᜢᗖຒȝǺЕ፦׷਑ǵғᄊπำǵ࿯ڋᡘǵᏲβᕅǵៈ۞ǵᅹનຟӸໆ

Abstract

Recently, debris flows resulted from Chi-Chi Earthquake in 1999, Typhoon Toraji and Nali in 2001, have caused severe damages to Taiwan, especially in the central area.

Rehabilitation work was undergoing by the authorities who invested a lot of money and resources. Part of the work adopted ecological techniques to reconstruct the facilities, such as the articulated blocks bank, gabion and geogrid walls, by following the "local material was first chosen to utilize" principle to reduce the usage of concrete. Among these facilities, some of them was made by plantation wood and had suffered from Typhoon Mindulle in 2004. However, there are less studies focusing on the design, following monitor, and assessment, and vegetation restoration of the ecological engineering cases by using wooden materials in Taiwan. In this study, by collecting explicit data though investigation, hopefully the results can increase confidence in using wooden ecological engineering to common populace.

This study analyzes several kinds of wooden ecological works, including decay level, the following displacement, carbon sequestration, and the coverage of plants after construction. These cases which include check dams, retaining walls, and revetments were constructed by the Forest Bureau, Water and Soil Conservation Bureau, and the Experimental Forest of National Taiwan University in Yilan and Nantou County, respectively. The investigation results showed that after the following typhoons and

heavy rain attacks, the residual strength of wooden structures remains in well condition.

Despite part of them may decay more seriously, the monitored point displacement was slightly, and indicated that wooden structures were still in stability. Meanwhile, replacement of traditional RC structure by wooden ecological engineering not only is helpful to carbon sequestration which can effectively reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, but also favors to plants growth. The results also show that it benefits to vegetation restoration, and can also make the structure assimilate to the environment.

This research indicates many advantages of wooden ecological engineering, and provides a key reference to set the design regulations and rules in the future.

ȜKey WordsȝǺwooden material, ecological technique, check dam, retaining wall, revetment, carbon sequestration

Ҟ ᒵ

α၂ہ঩཮ቩۓਜ ᇞᖴ

ύЎᄔा... i

मЎᄔा... ii

ಃ΋ക! ߻ق... 1

ಃΒക! Ў᝘௖૸... 3

! ! 2.1 Е፦׷਑... 3

! ! 2.2 ғᄊπำ... 4

! ! ! ! 2.2.1 ғᄊπำϐཀက... 4

! ! ! ! 2.2.2 ғᄊπำ҅Ӝޑཀ఼... 5

! ! ! ! 2.2.3 ғᄊπำᆶ໺಍πำϐৡ౦... 6

! ! 2.3 ෌ғፓࢗࣴز... 6

ಃΟക! ၂ᡍ׷਑ᆶБݤ... 8

! ! 3.1 Е׷ᆭԗำࡋፓࢗ... 8

! ! ! ! 3.1.1 Е׷ᆭԗෳ၂Ꮤ(Wood Tester PILODYN-6J) ... 8

! ! ! ! 3.1.2 ᢕϾܢלሺ(Drilling Resistance Measurement) ... 9

! ! ! ! 3.1.3 ڈଞ֖ࠠН౗ी(BD-2100 Moisture Meter) ... 11

! ! 3.2 ่ᄬᡂՏᅱෳ... 12

! ! 3.3 ᅹનຟӸໆ... 12

! ! ! ! 3.3.1 ၂ᡍ׷਑ᆶӦᗺ... 15

! ! ! ! ! ! 3.3.1.1 ໺಍ਣࢎπݤϐπำፓࢗ... 15

! ! ! ! ! ! 3.3.1.2 ༝Е෇ރ O&D πݤϐЕ਱ਣᡘᡏ... 16

! ! ! ! ! ! 3.3.1.3 ҅Бࢊރཥπݤϐ࢛׼࿯ڋᡘ... 19

! ! ! ! ! ! 3.3.1.4 ༝ࢊރཥπݤϐЕ፦ݞၰៈ۞... 20

! ! ! ! 3.3.2 ᅹનຟӸໆीᆉ... 21

! ! 3.4 Еᄬҹ෌ғൺػރݩፓࢗ... 22

! ! ! ! 3.4.1 ख़ाॶࡰኧ(IVI)ीᆉ... 22

! ! ! ! 3.4.2 ၗ਑ϩ݋... 24

! ! ! ! ! ! 3.4.2.1 ંତဂიϩ݋(Cluster Analysis) ... 24

! ! ! ! ! ! 3.4.2.2 फ़ᖿჹᔈϩ݋(Detrended Correspondence AnalysisǴDCA) 24 ಃѤക! ่݀ᆶ૸ፕ... 25

! ! 4.1 Е׷ᆭԗำࡋፓࢗ... 25

! ! ! ! 4.1.1 ࠄ׫Ӧ୔Е׷ᆭԗำࡋፓࢗ... 25

! ! ! ! ! ! 4.1.1.1 ፓࢗϐπำӦᗺ... 25

! ! ! ! ! ! 4.1.1.2 Ᏺβᕅπำϐ౜ݩ... 27

! ! ! ! ! ! 4.1.1.3 ࠄ׫Ӧ୔Е਱ਣᏲβᕅᆭԗރݩ(΋) ... 31

! ! ! ! ! ! 4.1.1.4 ࠄ׫Ӧ୔Е਱ਣᏲβᕅᆭԗރݩ(Β) ... 33

! ! ! ! 4.1.2 ྛᓐεᏢ֞Е׷ᆭԗำࡋፓࢗ... 36

! ! ! ! 4.1.3 ەើϼѳξЕ׷ᆭԗำࡋፓࢗ... 40

! ! 4.2 ่ᄬᡂՏᅱෳ... 42

! ! ! ! 4.2.1 ྛᓐεᏢ֞... 43

! ! ! ! 4.2.2 ەើϼѳξӦ୔... 46

! ! 4.3 ᅹનຟӸໆीᆉ... 47

! ! 4.4 Еᄬҹ෌ғൺػރݩፓࢗ... 50

! ! ! ! 4.4.1 ख़ाॶࡰኧ(IVI)ीᆉ... 51

! ! ! ! 4.4.2 ᕴኬ୔ၗ਑ϩ݋... 54

! ! ! ! ! ! 4.4.2.1 ંତဂიϩ݋(Cluster Analysis) ... 54

! ! ! ! ! ! 4.4.2.2 फ़ᖿჹᔈϩ݋(DCA) ... 54

! ! ! ! 4.4.3 ϼѳξኬ୔ၗ਑ϩ݋... 56

! ! ! ! ! ! 4.4.3.1 ંତဂიϩ݋(Cluster Analysis) ... 56

! ! ! ! ! ! 4.4.3.2 फ़ᖿჹᔈϩ݋(DCA) ... 57

! ! ! ! 4.4.4 ࠄ׫ኬ୔ၗ਑ϩ݋... 58

! ! ! ! ! ! 4.4.4.1 ંତဂიϩ݋(Cluster Analysis) ... 58

! ! ! ! ! ! 4.4.4.2 फ़ᖿჹᔈϩ݋(DCA) ... 59

ಃϖക! ่ፕ... 60

ୖԵЎ᝘... 63

ߕᒵ΋! Ᏺβᕅπำ౜ݩ... 66

ߕᒵΒ! ಃ΋ԃࡋӚኬ୔෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧीᆉ߄... 71

ߕᒵΟ! ಃΒԃࡋӚኬ୔෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧीᆉ߄... 83

კ!Ҟ!ᒵ!

კ 1 Е׷ڰۓ CO2ҢཀკȐЦ݊҉Ǵ2002ȑ... 3

Fig.1 The schema of carbon dioxide sequestration (Wang, 2002) ... 3

კ 2. Е׷ᆭԗෳ၂ᏔȐPilodynȑϐკТ... 9

Fig.2 Pictures of Pilodyn ... 9

კ 3. Е׷ᆭԗෳ၂Ꮤޑ٬ҔБݤϷෳໆރݩҢཀკȐPROCEQ SAȑ... 9

Fig.3 The operation of Pilodyn (PROCEQ SA) ... 9

კ 4. ᢕϾܢלሺϐკТ... 10

Fig.4 Picture of drilling resistance measurement (Resistograph) ... 10

კ 5. ᢕϾܢלሺ٬ҔރݩϷइᒵરޑइᒵ௃׎... 10

Fig.5 The operation of drilling resistance measurement ... 10

კ 6. ڈଞࠠЕ׷֖Н౗ी... 11

Fig.6 Pictures of BD-2100 moisture meter ... 11

კ 7. ႜ৔࿶ጎሺϐკТϷ٬Ҕރݩ... 12

Fig.7 The displacement monitoring of wooden structure by laser theodolite ... 12

კ 8. ໺಍ਣࢎπݤϐᏲβᕅ... 15

Fig.8 The wooden retaining wall constructed by traditional method ... 15

კ 9. ቚуπำᛙۓ܄ޑᑺጾଝϷ៓ํ... 15

Fig.9 The connection of retaing wall by leech staple and wire to increasing structure stability ... 15

კ 10. O&D πݤϐᇙ׷௃׎... 16

Fig.10 Manufacturing the logs material by O&D technique ... 16

კ 11. ࢛׼ٛᆭೀ౛ރݩ... 17

Fig.11 Preservative treatment of Japanese cedar ... 17

კ 12. ٬Ҕ O&D πݤࡼբπำϐ౜൑ރݩ... 18

Fig.12 The construction process of retaining wall by O&D technique ... 18

კ 13. O&D πݤᇙբϐ࿯ڋᡘϷ߈ܡྣ... 18

Fig.13 The overview of check dam constructed by O&D technique ... 18

კ 14. O&D πݤᇙբϐᏲβᕅϷ߈ܡރݩ... 18

Fig.14 The overview of retaining wall constructed by O&D technique ... 18

კ 15. ٬Ҕཥπݤ܌ᇙբϐ࿯ڋᡘ... 19

Fig.15 The check dam constructed by a new method in University Gully ... 19

კ 16. εᏢ֞Е፦ݞ۞ៈڵϷ߈ܡྣ... 20

Fig.16 Wooden revetments in University Gully ... 20

კ 17. ෌ғፓࢗਔ୮ᒧϐ 1 m × 1 m λኬ୔... 22

Fig.17 The 1m × 1 m sample plot for vegetation investigation ... 22

კ 18. ܌ፓࢗޑπำӦᗺ(εკ΢ޑमЎ೽ϩ)ǴѓΠفࣁࠄ׫ᑜӦკ(ుՅ೽ϩ

ࣁߞကໂϷНٚໂ) ... 26

Fig.18 The engineering sites in Nantou County ... 26

კ 19. Нߥֽࡌ೷ϐЕ਱ਣᡘᡏЕ׷ᆭԗރݩკ(΋) ... 31

Fig.19 Rottenness of wooden retaining wall structures by SWCB (I) ... 31

კ 20. Нߥֽࡌ೷ϐЕ਱ਣᡘᡏЕ׷ᆭԗރݩკ(Β) ... 33

Fig.20 Rottenness of wooden retaining wall structures by SWCB (II) ... 33

კ 21. Нߥֽࡌ೷ϐЕ਱ਣᡘᡏЕ׷ѳ֡ᆭԗރݩკ(΋) ... 33

Fig.21 Average rottenness of wooden retaining wall structures by SWCB (I) ... 33

კ 22. Нߥֽࡌ೛ϐЕ਱ਣᡘᡏЕ׷ᆭԗރݩკ(Ο) ... 34

Fig.22 Rottenness of wooden retaining wall structures by SWCB (III) ... 34

კ 23. Нߥֽࡌ೛ϐЕ਱ਣᡘᡏЕ׷ѳ֡ᆭԗރݩკ(Β) ... 34

Fig.23 Average rottenness of wooden retaining wall structures by SWCB (II) ... 34

კ 24. εᏢ֞Е፦ៈ۞Ȑѓ۞ȑϐЕ׷ᆭԗރݩკ... 37

Fig.24 Rottenness of right revetment bank in University Gully ... 37

კ 25. εᏢ֞Е፦ៈ۞ȐѰ۞ȑϐЕ׷ᆭԗރݩკ... 37

Fig.25 Rottenness of left revetment bank in University Gully ... 37

კ 26. εᏢ֞Е፦ៈ۞Ȑѓ۞ȑኯ׷Е׷ᆭԗރݩკ... 38

Fig.26 Rottenness of piles at right revetment t bank in University Gully ... 38

კ 27. εᏢ֞Е፦ៈ۞ȐѰ۞ȑኯ׷Е׷ᆭԗރݩკ... 38

Fig.27 Rottenness of piles at left revetment bank in University Gully ... 38

კ 28. εᏢ֞Е਱ਣៈ۞ኯ׷ϐ֖Н౗ᆶᆭԗుࡋ଑ᘜკ... 39

Fig.28 Regressive relationship between EMC and rotten depth of piles in revetments in University Gully ... 39

კ 29. ϼѳξЕ਱ਣᡘᡏЕ׷߄य़ᆭԗރݩკ... 40

Fig.29 Rottenness of wooden retaining wall structures in Tai-Ping Shan ... 40

კ 30. ྛᓐεᏢ֞ϐғᄊπำ... 43

Fig.30 The overview of the ecological engineering in University Gully, Sitou ... 43

კ 31. εᏢ֞ᅱෳᗺՏ࿼... 43

Fig.31 Locations of monitoring points at University Gully ... 43

კ 32. εᏢ֞Е፦ࡌނௗᗺϐѳ֡Տ౽ᡂϯໆȐ΢კࣁНѳБӛǴΠკࣁࠟ ޔБӛȑ... 44

Fig.32 The average displacement of joints at the wooden structures in University Gully (The top is horizontal direction, and the bottom is vertical direction) ... 44

კ 33. ෌ғൺػ௃׎(΋) ... 50

Fig.33 Vegetation restoration (I) ... 50

კ 34. ෌ғൺػ௃׎(Β) ... 50

Fig.34 Vegetation restoration (II) ... 50

კ 35. ෌ғൺػ௃׎(Ο) ... 50

Fig.35 Vegetation restoration (III) ... 50

კ 36. ෌ғൺػ௃׎(Ѥ) ... 50

Fig.36 Vegetation restoration (IV) ... 50

კ 37. ᕴኬ୔ဂიϩ݋่݀კ... 54

Fig.37 Cluster analysis of all experimental sites ... 54

კ 38. Ӛኬ୔ӧϩѲׇӈಃ΋ືϷಃΒືѳय़ϐϩѲკ... 55

Fig.38 The DCA of all sites ... 55

კ 39. ϼѳξኬ୔ဂიϩ݋่݀კ... 56

Fig.39 Cluster analysis of all sites in Tai-Ping Shan ... 56

კ 40. ϼѳξኬ୔ӧϩѲׇӈಃ΋ືϷಃΒືѳय़ϐϩѲკ... 57

Fig.40 The DCA of all sites in Tai-Ping Shan ... 57

კ 41. ࠄ׫ኬ୔ဂიϩ݋่݀კ... 58

Fig.41 Cluster analysis of all sites in Nantou County …... 58

კ 42. ࠄ׫ኬ୔ӧϩѲׇӈಃ΋ືϷಃΒືѳय़ϐϩѲკ... 59

Fig.42 The DCA of all sites in Nantou County ... 59

კ A.1 πำ AǴѰ 3 კࣁ߈ྣǴϝёـ೽ϩᡘᡏǹѓკࣁவᇻೀྣ... 66

FigA.1 The overview of the Work A ... 66

კ A.2 πำ BǴ҂࣮ډҺՖЕ਱ਣᡘᡏӸӧ... 66

FigA.2 The overview of the Work B ... 66

კ A.3 πำ DǴЕ਱ਣᡘᡏ൳ЯᑼΕԾฅϐύ... 66

FigA.3 The overview of the Work D ... 66

კ A.4 πำ EǴ෌ғൺػރݩؼӳ... 66

FigA.4 The overview of the Work E ... 66

კ A.5 πำ GǴё࣮р྽ӦᕉნၨଳᔿǴҗѰკёـ਒ᜐࡌԖೂ᠈…... 67

FigA.5 The overview of the Work G ... 67

კ A.6 πำ HǴᏲβᕅ΢Бޑңҁࣽ෌ނғߏΜϩपஏ... 67

FigA.6 The overview of the Work H ... 67

კ A.7 πำ IǴӅ 2 ০Е਱ਣᏲβᕅǴၡ਒ 1 ০Ǵ૛ᘀ္ќԖ 1 ০(ѓკ) ….... 67

FigA.7 The overview of the Work I ... 67

კ A.8 πำ JǴ෌ғޑൺػރݩؼӳ... 67

FigA.8 The overview of the Work J ... 67

კ A.9 πำ KǴӧѠ 16 ጕ៻ၰ΢Ǵ෌ғၨϿၨଳᔿǶѓ 2 კϩձࣁᏲβᕅޑ Ѱѓٿᆄ... 68

FigA.9 The overview of the Work K ... 68

კ A.10 πำ LǴӧѠ 16 ጕ΢ǴᕉნၨଳᔿǴ෌ғၨϿ... 68

FigA.10 The overview of the Work L ... 68

კ A.11 πำ MǴӧѠ 16 ጕ΢ǴӅ 3 ০ᏲβᕅǴΠ 3 კϩձࢂ 3 ০Ᏺβᕅϐ

ྣТ... 68

FigA.11 The overview of the Work M ... 68

კ A.12 πำ NǴ΢Б෌ғཱུप౰ǴୁᜐၨϿǴՠΨԖ೽ϩୁᜐ෌ғғߏؼӳ 69 FigA.12 The overview of the Work N ... 69

კ A.13 πำ OǴ΢Б෌ғपஏǴୁБ෌ғϿǴᕉნၨଳᔿ... 69

FigA.13 The overview of the Work O ... 69

კ A.14 πำ PǴ΢Б෌ғपஏǴୁᜐၨϿǶՠୁБϿ೽ϩ୔ୱ෌ނғߏ٫... 69

FigA.14 The overview of the Work P ... 69

კ A.15 πำ QǶᆶᒾၰ࣬ௗǴԖᑈНǶ෌ނғߏप౰Ǵՠ᎞߈ᒾၰೀୁᜐ෌ ғၨϿ... 69

FigA.15 The overview of the Work Q ... 69

კ A.16 πำ RǶՏܭ҇کܴᒾၰࡕǶ΢Б෌ғपஏǴୁБޑ෌ނғߏӭჲࠅ Ꮫᘄϩܴ... 70

FigA.16 The overview of the Work R ... 70

߄!Ҟ!ᒵ!

߄ 1. Ӛᅿ׷਑ᇙ೷ਔ੃઻ϐૈྍϷᅹન௨ܫໆ... 13

Table1. The energy consumption and carbon emission of various material ... 13

߄ 2. Нߥֽࡌ೷ϐЕ਱ਣᏲβᕅπำ... 25

Table2. The retaining walls constructed by SWCB ……... 25

߄ 3. ϼѳξЕ਱ਣ׷਑֖Н౗ӕ፦܄ϩ݋߄... 41

Table3. The homogenous analysis of wood frame material MC used in Tai-Ping Shan ... 41

߄ 4. ᡂՏᅱෳ୔ୱ୷ҁၗ਑... 42

Table4. The basic information of displacements monitoring sites ... 42

߄ 5. εᏢ֞Е፦่ᄬނᡂՏໆ(m) ... 44

Table5. The displacements (m) of wooden structures in University Gully ... 44

߄ 6. ϼѳξЕ፦่ᄬނᡂՏໆѳ֡ॶ(mm) ... 46

Table6. The displacements (mm) of wooden structures in Tai-Ping Shan ... 46

߄ 7. Е፦πำڗжషᏉβϐ CO2ߺ෧ໆ߄... 47

Table7. The reduction of CO₂ while wooden structures replacing RC structures ... 47

߄ B.1 ە஑΋ጕ 1.72 k ࿯ڋᡘ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 71

TableB.1 The IVI of check dam at the 1.72 k of Route Yichuan No.1 ... 71

߄ B.2 ە஑΋ጕ 15.4 k ࿯ڋᡘ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 72

TableB.2 The IVI of check dam at the 15.4 k of Route Yichuan No.1 ... 72

߄ B.3 ە஑΋ጕ 15.6 k ࿯ڋᡘ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 73

TableB.3 The IVI of check dam at the 15.6 k of Route Yichuan No.1 ... 73

߄ B.4 ە஑΋ጕ 23.9 k ࿯ڋᡘ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 74

TableB.4 The IVI of check dam at the 23.9 k of Route Yichuan No.1 ... 74

߄ B.5 ႱϐᐛᏲβᕅ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 75

TableB.5 The IVI of retaining wall in Jioujhihze ... 75

߄ B.6 ϼѳξϖኬ୔ӝٳीᆉϐ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 76

TableB.6 The IVI of fivesites in Tai-Ping Shan ... 76

߄ B.7 ӼξѤဦᐏ਒Ᏺβᕅ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 78

TableB.7 The IVI of retaining wall in the road near the Anshan No.4 Bridge ... 78

߄ B.8 ӼξѤဦᐏ਒ྛࢬѓୁៈ۞෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 79

TableB.8 The IVI of right revetment bank in the creek near the Anshan No.4 Bridge 79 ߄ B.9 ᛥᛥ਱ᐏ਒Ᏺβᕅ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 80

TableB.9 The IVI of retaining wall near the RoRoGe Bridge ... 80

߄ B.10 Ѡ 16 ጕ 22.9 k ε᡼Ᏺβᕅ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 80

TableB.10 The IVI of retaining wall at 22.9 k of the Provincial Road No.16 ... 80

߄ B.11 ࠄ׫Ѥኬ୔ӝٳीᆉϐ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 81

TableB.11 The IVI of fivesites in Nantou County ... 81

߄ C.1 ە஑΋ጕ 1.72 k ࿯ڋᡘ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 83

TableC.1 The IVI of check dam at the 1.72 k of Route Yichuan No.1 ... 83

߄ C.2 ە஑΋ጕ 15.4 k ࿯ڋᡘ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 84

TableC.2 The IVI of check dam at the 15.4 k of Route Yichuan No.1 ... 84

߄ C.3 ە஑΋ጕ 15.6 k ࿯ڋᡘ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 85

TableC.3 The IVI of check dam at the 15.6 k of Route Yichuan No.1 ... 85

߄ C.4 ە஑΋ጕ 23.9 k ࿯ڋᡘ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 86

TableC.4 The IVI of check dam at the 23.9 k of Route Yichuan No.1 ... 86

߄ C.5 ႱϐᐛᏲβᕅ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 87

TableC.5 The IVI of retaining wall in Jioujhihze ... 87

߄ C.6 ϼѳξϖኬ୔ӝٳीᆉϐ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 88

TableC.6 The IVI of fivesites in Tai-Ping Shan ... 88

߄ C.7 ӼξѤဦᐏ਒Ᏺβᕅ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 90

TableC.7 The IVI of retaining wall in the road near the Anshan No.4 Bridge ... 90

߄ C.8 ӼξѤဦᐏ਒ྛࢬѓୁៈ۞෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 90

TableC.8 The IVI of right revetment bank in the creek near the Anshan No.4 Bridge 90 ߄ C.9 ᛥᛥ਱ᐏ਒Ᏺβᕅ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 91

TableC.9 The IVI of retaining wall near the RoRoGe Bridge ... 91

߄ C.10 Ѡ 16 ጕ 22.9 k ε᡼Ᏺβᕅ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 92

TableC.10 The IVI of retaining wall at 22.9 k of the Provincial Road No.16 ... 92

߄ C.11 ࠄ׫Ѥኬ୔ӝٳीᆉϐ෌ނख़ाॶࡰኧ... 93

TableC.11 The IVI of fivesites in Nantou County ... 93

ಃ΋ക! ߻ق

٧೿᝼ۓਜȐKyoto Protocolȑςܭ 2005 ԃ 2 Д 16 ВғਏǴ྽߻२ाҞ኱ջ ӧफ़ե CO2ᐚࡋǴӄౚྕ࠻਻ᡏ௨ܫໆ໪ၨ 1990 ԃНྗफ़ե 5.2 %ǶځύǴහ݅

ς೏܍ᇡڀԖᅹ༊Ȑcarbon sinkȑϐфૈǹЕ׷ޑуπૈྍեǴӢԜ CO2௨ܫໆϿǴ

׳ख़ाޑࢂЕ׷ύऊԖ 50 %ᅹનǴ཮ஒԖᐒᅹڰۓӧЕᇙࠔύǴ٬ځόӣᘜԿε

਻Ƕ܌аǴ٬Ҕ׳ӭЕ׷ǵ຾Չ׳ӭ೷݅Ǵஒёၲډ CO2෧ໆԶ಄ӝ٧೿᝼ۓਜ

ा؃ϐྕ࠻਻ᡏ෧ໆҞ኱ǶҗғᄊᕉნޑߥػᢀᗺԶقǴЕ׷բࣁ่ᄬ׷਑ჹ CO2

෧ໆޑଅ᝘ςڙډख़ຎ٠ख़ཥϒаຑሽǶȐЦ݊҉Ǵ2002ȑ

ନΑԖڰۓ CO2ޑᓬᗺǴЕ፦׷਑ӧᇙբਔΨё࣪ૈྍǶҗ܌௨ܫϐᅹનٰ

КၨЕ፦׷਑ᆶᒳ׷ϷషᏉβӧᇙ೷ࡌނਔޑ઻ૈǴᒳ׷܈షᏉβࣣኧ७ܭЕ

׷ǴᡉҢ٬ҔЕ፦׷਑ૈ୼࿯࣪ૈྍǶЪЕ፦׷਑ޑКமࡋၨ RCȐషᏉβȑଯǴ

٬Ҕ΢ڀԖ΋ۓޑமࡋϷӼӄ܄Ǵ٠ό཮К٬Ҕ RC ٰ଺ᄬࡌৡǶΞЕ፦׷਑ޑК

዗εǴૈߥ࡭ྕࡋᛙۓǶӧহВਔऩ٬ҔК዗λޑ RC ׷਑཮֎዗זǵ۳۳ྕࡋ΢

ϲၸଯ٬ளκ૛όғǴՠऩ٬ҔЕ፦׷਑߾ёᗉխԜୢᚒǴၮҔӧғᄊπำ΢ૈ

ჹғᄊߥػԖᡉ๱ޑфਏǶ

ӧ΢ॊᓬᗺϐѦǴЕ׷ࣁϺฅޑғނ׷਑ǴڀԖᓬऍޑદ౛ǴᔈҔӧඳᢀϷ πำ΢ૈᆶᕉნ࣬ᒋፓᑼӝǵόँάǴΞӵЕ׷ӧᇙբࡌނ߻ջёаᑔᒧǵᛰᏊ

ೀ౛฻БԄѐନҁيޑલᗺԶቚуऐҔ܄Ƕҗа΢ᅿᅿ௃ݩٰ࣮Ǵ٬ҔЕ፦׷਑

ӧඳᢀϷғᄊπำ΢ࢂёՉЪԖ੻ޑǴ೭٤Еᇙғᄊπำ೛ࡼዴჴॶள௢ቶϷᔈ ҔǶ

ՠᗨё٣Ӄ຾ՉᑔᒧǴόၸЕ፦׷਑ޑᡂ౦܄εǵமࡋၨόᛙۓϐ੝܄Ǵӧ ճҔ΢۳۳ϝࢂзΓᏼЈϐ᝼ᚒǶќѦǴჹܭჴሞޑЕ፦πำࡼբ௃׎Ǵ౜ӧԖ

٬ҔȨO&DמೌπݤȩȐOut Door WoodȑǴԜࣁ٬౧ҵЕԖਏճҔԶ໒วϐȨଯ ऐΦϯೀ౛Е׷ȩמೌǶБݤࢂӃᓸᕭЕ׷ǴઇᚯЕ׷ޑഈ༞ᏛϾǴ٬ٛᆭᛰᏊ

৒ܰᅖ೸Ǵೀ౛ֹࡕЕ׷ӣൺЁκȐӣൺ౗ၲ97 %а΢ȑǴᛰᏊϝԖਏߥ੮ܭЕ

׷ϣǴቚуٛᆭೀ౛ਏ݀ǶᗨฅԜБݤёှ،ε೽ϩȨᛰᏊූ੮ȩୢᚒǴу΢߻

Γࣴزޑ᛾ჴǴրΓΨςዴۓЕ፦׷਑ёڰۓᅹનܭځύǴၲډCO2෧ໆޑा؃Ƕ ՠҞ߻Е׷ᔈҔӧЊѦπำ೛ࡼ΢ϝᙑԖ೚ӭୢᚒۘ҂ܴᕕǶӵᄬࡌϐமࡋǵπ ำࡌ೷ֹԋࡕޑ่ᄬᛙۓ܄аϷऐᆭԗ܄ǵᗋԖჹғᄊൺػޑຑ՗฻Ǵ೭٤Ψࢂ

٬ҔޣӧᔈҔ΢܌ᏼЈᅪൽϐ೽ϩǶࣁΑှ،೭٤ୢᚒǴҁࣴزஒ຾Չ၂ᡍǴٰ

ຑ՗Е፦׷਑ᔈҔӧЊѦπำ΢܌य़ᖏޑࡷᏯϷϩ݋೷ԋځઇᚯϐচӢǹᗋԖࡌ

೷ኧԃࡕ෌ނޑғߏ௃ݩаϷϩ݋೷ԋӚӦ୔Ԗ܌ৡ౦ޑӢનǴӕਔΨղᘐӚ୔

ୱϣޑ෌ނᓬ༈ᅿᜪǶ׆ఈૈԖܴዴޑ่݀Ǵᡣ٬ҔޣӧճҔ΢׳ࣁӼЈᆶௗڙǴ Զૈ୼׳໩ճ௢ቶᆶᔈҔԜᅿȨ߈ԾฅπݤȩϐЕᇙғᄊπำǶ

ಃΒക! Ў᝘௖૸

2.1Е፦׷਑

Е׷ᄬԋϡનࣁ 50 %ᅹǴӢԜӵЕ፦׷਑ૈӧڰᡏރᄊ٬ҔਔǴёஒځख़ໆ

΋ъޑᅹનаԖᐒ፦ϯӝނރᄊڰۓӧ׷਑ϣԶόញܫԿε਻ύǶЕ׷ӧғߏၸ ำύࢂϸϦ্ޑǴ܈ёаᇥѬϸԶ཮วචཱུεޑᕉნߥៈᐒૈǶӢࣁЕ׷ғߏࢂ

ᙖ๱ڰۓε਻ύޑ CO2ԶٰǴࣁளډ 1 ᏒᅹНϯӝނǴሡ֎ԏ 1.6 Ꮢ CO2Ǵ٠ញ р 1.2 Ꮢ O2Ƕ܌ԖЕ፦׷਑֡ឦܭᅹનຟᙒࠠ׷਑ǴԶᒳ׷ǵ᎑ǵషᏉβ฻׷਑

֡ࣁᅹન௨ܫࠠ׷਑ǶȐЦ݊҉Ǵ2002ȑ

კ 1 Е׷ڰۓ CO2ҢཀკȐЦ݊҉Ǵ2002ȑ

Fig.1 The schema of carbon dioxide sequestration (Wang, 2002)

! ! Е׷ࢂᅿᙖԾฅၗྍᆶҁيޑғڮΚԶ࣪ૈྍǴ٠Ъёεໆӆғϐғނၗ

ྍǴ೭ӧځдၗྍࢂคݤளـޑǶவচ਑ᙯඤԋᇙࠔǵ׷਑ޑуπૈྍКځд׷

਑Ͽ೚ӭǶΞӢЕ׷ڀԖᐯᐨ܄ǵғނϩှ܄Ǵࡺቲకਔόՠ࣪ૈྍЪό೷ԋϦ

্ǶനಖᇙࠔޑЕ፦Րӻӧࡌ೛ǵ٬Ҕǵှᡏǵቲక฻Ӛ໨܌ሡޑૈྍ֡ၨځд ࡌނࣁϿǶ

Ӛᅿ׷਑ϐᒳ׷ǵషᏉβᆶЕ׷ϐᇙ೷ਔ੃઻ૈྍ٩܌௨ܫᅹન࣬КၨਔǴ ᒳ׷ࣁЕ׷ޑ 10-20 ७ǴషᏉβࣁЕ׷ޑ 1-2 ७Ƕ٩୯ϣς଺ޑ࣬ᜢࣴزǴ؂ൂ

Տࡌᑐय़ᑈᒳโషᏉβᄬ೷ࡌᑐނȐRC ᄬ೷ȑᆶᒳᄬ೷ࡌᑐނȐS ᄬ೷ȑޑ CO2

௨ܫໆӚࣁЕᄬࡌᑐϐ 4.03 ७Ϸ 3.23 ७ǶऩаЕ፦ᄬ೷ࡌᑐڗж RC ᆶ S ᄬ೷ࡌ ᑐނԶߺ෧ CO2௨ܫໆǴ؂ѳБϦЁऊࣁ 377.48 kg/m²ᆶ 328.31 kg/m²ǴᡉҢЕᄬ

೷ࡌᑐӧ CO2෧ໆᆶᅹનڰۓ΢ڀᡉ๱ਏ݀ǶȐЦ݊҉ǵ༡Ο፣Ǵ2005ȑ

ᏃᆅЕ׷ёૈԖᆭԗǵӍϯၨԐǵܰᐯǵமࡋ֡΋܄ၨલЮ฻લᗺǴՠёа Ҕٛᆭೀ౛ǵ܈٩٬ҔҞޑԶᒧ᏷όӕ׷਑฻БԄஒલᗺߺ෧ԿനեǶ

2.2ғᄊπำ

ଆ߃Ǵࡹ۬ᐒᜢޑ҅ԄҔᇟஒϐᆀբȨғᄊπݤȩǴԜࣁ୯ሞ஑཰Ҕᇟ Eco-engineeringᙌ᝿ԶٰǶҭջࣁߥ࡭ғᄊᕉნϐֹ᏾Ǵаᆢ࡭ӭኬϯғނϐғӸ

៾Ǵ໪ᗉխ෈৲ӦϷᎂழၡ৩฻ϐઇᚯǴ߾ӧ൧ख़྽ӦϺฅచҹǴϷΓࣁ೛ࡼᆶ ᕉნό࣬ፂँ߻ගΠǴִ፾ᏤΕΓᜪӧᕉნғࢲύࣁගٮӼӄ܌ճҔޑβЕπำ ᄬ೷Ǵ೭٤֡ёᒏȨғᄊπݤȩǶՠԾ҇୯ 95 ԃ 6 Д 21 ВଆǴՉࡹଣϦӅπำ ہ঩཮ςஒȨғᄊπݤȩ׳ӜࣁȨғᄊπำȩǶӢᔈࡹ۬ᐒᜢޑ׳ӜǴҁፕЎΨ಍

΋௦ҔȨғᄊπำȩ΋ຒǶ 2.2.1ғᄊπำϐཀက

(1) ᏢೌࣴزϷЎ᝘ޑۓကǺ

! ! ܌ᒏȨғᄊπำȩǴቶကޑϣ఼ࢂჹܭᕉნύӚᅿԾฅғᄊϷғނ෈৲Ӧޑ൧ ख़Ǵ܌଺ޑᕉნߥӸǵᆢៈǵ҉ុճҔǵൺᙑϷׯؼπำǶхࡴағނᆶߚғނ

׷਑ϐന፾྽ᔈҔǴԶၲډᕉნϐکᒋ܄Ƕ੟ကޑϣ఼߾ࡰȨ௦ҔϺฅၗ׷ࣁЬ

ा׷਑ǴаᑼӝڬᜐӦ׎ԾฅඳᢀǴ෧Ͽ೷ԋғᄊᕉნϐፂᔐࣁ౛ۺ೛ीǴࡌᑐ ёٮ୏෌ނ෈৲ǵᔼ೷ғނӭኬ܄ғӸޜ໔Ǵബ೷ঋڀٛؠϷғᄊൺػфૈϐπ ำȩǴΞ಍ᆀғᄊπำ܈߈ғᄊπำǶځ୷ҁᆒઓࢂȨаӼӄࣁ୷ᘵǵғᄊࣁᏤӛǵ

҉ុࣁҞ኱ȩǶ

(2) ࡹ۬ᐒᜢϐۓကǺ

! ! ٩Ᏽ 2002 ԃ 8 Д 14 ВՉࡹଣϦӅπำہ঩཮ғᄊπݤᒌ၌λಔ཮᝼،᝼Ǵ ғᄊπำޑۓကࣁȨ୷ܭჹғᄊس಍ϐుϪᇡޕᆶပჴғނӭኬ܄ߥػϷ҉ុว

৖ǴԶ௦ڗағᄊࣁ୷ᘵǵӼӄࣁᏤӛޑπำБݤǴа෧ϿჹԾฅᕉნ೷ԋ໾্ȩǶ (3) ཥቚጓНβߥ࡭ЋнϐۓကǺ

! ! Нβߥ࡭ᆢៈᆶೀ౛ϐғᄊπݤǴ߯୷ܭНβၗྍߥػᆶᕉნӼӄߥៈޑ߻

ගΠǴ٠ჹܭғᄊس಍ϐᇡޕǴϷᔼ೷ӭኬϯ෈৲ӦϐѸाǴ܌௦ڗޑଛ঺πݤǶ 2.2.2ғᄊπำ҅Ӝޑཀ఼

চҁ܌ᒏޑȨғᄊπݤȩǴࡰޑࢂࣁᆢៈғᄊᕉნϐ҉ុ܄Ϸғނӭኬ܄܌௦ ڗޑБݤǴԶȨғᄊπำȩȐEcological Engineeringȑ߾ࢂֹԋғᄊπݤϐπำЋࢤǴ ӢԜғᄊπݤޑჴࡼό΋ۓा଺πำǴՠғᄊπำϐჴࡼ߾Ѹ໪಄ӝғᄊπݤϐ চ߾Ƕ

ՠՉࡹଣϦӅπำہ঩཮ӧ௢୏ғᄊπำޑၸำύǴҗܭа۳௦ҔޑȨғᄊ πݤȩ΋ຒǴதᎁΓᇤаࣁࢂ΋ᅿπݤȐջࡼπБݤȑԶ෷ғݾ᝼ǴࣁΑᡣ೭໨

ࡹ฼ૈ࡭ុ໩ճӦ௢୏Ǵ٠ᆶ୯ሞ஑཰Ҕᇟ Eco-engineering ௗॉǴӢԜπำ཮Ծ 95ԃ 6 Д 21 ВଆǴ҅ԄஒȨғᄊπݤȩ׳ӜࣁȨғᄊπำȩǶ

! ! вಒ௖زȨғᄊπำȩ܌மፓޑҞ኱ǴନΑߦ຾ౢ཰Ϸ࿶ᔮว৖ѦǴ׳ӧബ

೷ᓬ፦҉ុޑғࢲᕉნǶӢԜǴғᄊπำջӧ௢୏Ǵ܌ԖޑϦӅπำᔈᑼӝғᄊ س಍ᆶπำמೌǴவୢᚒਥྍ๱ЋǴঋ៝ᕉნޑ҉ុ࿶ᔼǶԶჴሞޑբݤࢂǴନ ΑԵໆচԖޑфૈǵӼӄϐѦǴ׳ाჹᕉნǵғᄊǵඳᢀǵࣗԿЎϯ฻຾ՉԵໆǴ аߦ٬ฯᡏπำࡌ೛ᆶ᏾ᡏᕉნ࣬ᑼӝǴ٠ᆢៈғނӭኬ܄Ƕ

! ! ԾΐΒ΋εӦ᎜ϐࡕǴғᄊπำ໒ۈᔈҔܭؠ୔ޑβҡࢬǵ஝༥Ӧޑ᏾ݯǴ ٠Ъ೴ᅌ௢ቶԿݞྛ᏾ݯǵၰၡπำ฻Ƕ׳ӜࡕޑȨғᄊπำȩǴஒπำԵໆጄൎ ۯ՜ᘉ৖Կჹ᏾ᡏᕉნǵғᄊᆶЎϯǴӧ௢୏࿶ᔮᆶғᄊޑว৖΢ࣣૈঋ៝Ǵၲ

ډΓᆶԾฅޑ҉ុکᒋǶ

2.2.3ғᄊπำᆶ໺಍πำϐৡ౦

Ѡ᡼ӧӀൺ߃යǴӧȨΓۓയϺȩޑᢀۺΠǴεᖐ໒วξ݅Ϸݞ׉᠁ӦǴ೷

ԋβҡ஝༥ǵݞοҌᔲ฻ؠ্όᘐวғǶ௖زচӢǴΓᜪԾаࣁࢂޑό྽೛ी໒ วࢂЬӢǴό೸Нޑ⬏य़Нݝ༧Ᏺβᕅǵᄒ៻ڗޔޑݞοǴаϷݞ׉ǵៈ۞֡ڙ ډషᏉβᙟᇂϐȨΟय़ӀȩݞࢬНၰ฻Ǵ֡ࣁઇᚯޑϡӁϐ΋Ǵ೭٤ؒԖԵቾғ ᄊᕉნޑȨখ܄πำȩዴჴჹԾฅᕉნ஥ٰόλޑ࠶ુǹ࣬ၨϐΠǴ߈ԃٰ܌௢

୏ϐғᄊπำǴջࢂ΋ᅿԵໆ྽ӦғᄊᕉნǵճҔ྽Ӧ׷਑ǵ่ӝ྽ӦЎϯޑ΋

ᅿӧӦ܄ࡼբБݤǴமፓȨ࣪ૈྍǵեԋҁȩޑ҉ុ܄ճҔǴ෧ϿჹԾฅၗྍޑ ઇᚯᆶੁ຤Ǵࣁ΋ᅿȨࢋ܄πำȩ܈Ȩ߈ԾฅπำȩǶ

2.3෌ғፓࢗࣴز

෌ဂғᄊᏢȐVegetation ecologyȑࢂғᄊᏢޑϩЍǴЬाࣴز੝ۓӦ୔ϣޑ෌

ނޗ཮੝܄Ǵӵ෌ဂޑᜪࠠȐTypeȑǵϩѲȐDistributionȑǵ่ᄬȐStructureȑǵ׎

࣬ȐPhysiognomyȑϷಔԋȐCompositionȑ฻฻Ǵ٠௖૸෌ဂᆶځғػӦӚᕉნӢ η໔ޑᜢ߯Ƕࣴز่݀ନΑޔௗගٮ݅཰ࣴزޣӧػ݅բ཰Ϸ݅཰࿶ᔼޑୖԵ ѦǴჹܭၭ཰࿶ᔼǵβӦճҔǵၯ኷ೕჄаϷᕉნߥػ฻ሦୱǴҭ໔ௗගٮ౛ፕ

୷ᘵǶ

! ! ჹܭѠ᡼Ӧ୔ǴԐӧВᏵਔж൩Ԗӵуᛯǵ߃৞ǵႍЕϷᅽξ฻ӭՏ෌ނᏢ ޣ߻۳ਜ਼ٰӦ୔ࣴز྽Ӧ෌ނǴฅჹܭ෌ဂඔॊӭᏧЬᢀइᒵǴ٠҂೛ኬ୔ፓࢗǶ ޔԿ 1938 ԃǴВΓႍЕਔϻۈܭ౜ϞఏࡕྛࢬୱᔈҔኻࢪ Blaun-Blanquet ޑϩᜪ س಍ϷБݤ຾Չኬ୔ፓࢗǴࣁ၀ೀ෌ဂϩ݋ࣴزϐۈǴԶࡕΨᅌԖ೚ӭᏢޣ߻۳ όӕӦ୔຾Չ෌ނޑ௦໣ࣴز٠ჹ෌ဂуаϩᜪǴѠ᡼Ӧ୔ӚӦޑ෌ဂፓ่ࢗ݀

ၱ೴ᅌֹ᏾Ƕ

! ! όၸᒿ๱ᕉნᡂᎂ฻ӚᅿΓࣁӢનυᘋǴচҁӸӧϐচғ෌ဂౢғׯᡂǴջ

܌ᒏޑ݅࣬ᡂᎂǶႽࢂ΋٤եੇܘ୔܈চՐ҇׸ပ࿶ၸ໒Ꮬહ෌ǹ܈ࢂහ݅Ӧ୔

ࡼ཰ठ٬݅࣬ׯؼǵ݅࣬ᡂ׳฻ӢનǴ೷ԋნϣ೚ӭ݅ӦڙډཱུεޑΓࣁυᘋǴ

ౢғচғ݅׎࣬ޑׯᡂǶ

! ! Ѡ᡼ޑහ݅෌ဂࣴزǴߏΦаٰӭаௗ߈চۈރᄊޑচۈ݅܈Ϻฅ݅ࣁЬा

ࣴزჹຝǶਥᏵಃΟԛѠ᡼හ݅ၗྍϷβӦճҔፓࢗൔ֋ύᡉҢǴΓπ݅ϷԮ݅

य़ᑈэѠ᡼හ݅ᆽᑈໆϐ 27.3 %ǴԶහ݅࿶ᔼਔନΑჹচғ෌ဂޑᅿᜪϷϩѲ໪

၁ಒᕕှϐѦǴჹܭ၀୔ୱϐӚᅿόӕ݅࣬ϩѲϷβӦճҔϩᜪ׳ҭ໪Ԗᙦ൤ϐ

୷ᘵၗ਑ǴБёவ٣፾Ϫޑ࿶ᔼᆅ౛Ƕ

! ! ՠ൩౜ރԶقǴၨϿԖࡼբғᄊπำࡕǴᜢܭ෌ғൺػޑፓࢗԋ݀ၗ਑ϩ݋

Ϸຑ՗Ǵϝӭаղձ݅࣬ৡ౦ࣁЬǶࡺҁࣴزᔕ௖૸ғᄊπำޑ෌ғൺػԋ݀Ǵ

׆ఈૈᙖҗፓࢗ෌ނޑғߏൺػރݩǴуаዴۓǵຑ՗ࡼբғᄊπำޑ੻ೀǴΨ

׳ૈᡣ΋૓ε౲ჹܭғᄊπำޑ௢ቶڀԖ׳εޑߞЈǶ

ಃΟക! ၂ᡍ׷਑ᆶБݤ 3.1Е׷ᆭԗำࡋፓࢗ

೛ࡼೀܭ࠻ѦǴ࿶தᚼ៛ӧ໚Ӏᆶफ़ߘᕉნΠǴࡐ৒ܰЇଆᆭԗԶӍϯǴࡺ

໪຾ՉЕ׷ٛᆭೀ౛ࡕӆ٬ҔǶ΋૓ԶقǴЊѦҔޑЕ፦׷਑Ǵऩ҂࿶፾྽ϐٛ

ᆭೀ౛Ǵߚத৒ܰڙډ༾ғނޑቹៜԶౢғ೬ᆭȐSoft Rotȑ౜ຝǴ೭٤Е׷Ѧᢀ

࣮՟҅தǴ٣ჴ΢மࡋςᡂள࣬྽եǴั༾ӆࡼуѦΚߡ཮ҥջᘐ຋Ƕٯӵ΋Ѝ ޔ৩ 25 cmǵଯ 11 m ޑЕࢊǴ΋૓ऊሡ 9 kN ޑΚБૈ٬ځᘐ຋ǹՠऩѦ೽೬ᆭ 2 cmǴջ໻ഭ 21 cm ޑԖਏޔ৩ਔǴ߾໻ሡ 3.8 kN ޑѦΚߡёשᘐǼҁჴᡍ܌ట

ෳۓޑЕ׷ᆭԗރݩϩձࣁՉࡹଣၭہ཮୍ֽ݅ǵНβߥ࡭ֽаϷᆵεჴᡍ݅ᆅ

౛ೀܭؠࡕӧەើᆶࠄ׫ᑜ܌ᑫࡌϐЕ፦ғᄊπำ่ᄬނǶჴᡍаЕ׷ᆭԗෳ၂ ᏔȐWood Tester PILODYN-6JȑϷᢕϾܢלሺȐDrilling ResistanceǴ܈ᆀ Resistographȑ

຾ՉЕ׷ᆭԗރݩޑᔠෳǶ

3.1.1Е׷ᆭԗෳ၂ᏔȐWood Tester PILODYN-6Jȑ

Е׷ᆭԗෳ၂ᏔȐаΠᙁᆀ Pilodynȑࣁྷγ PROCEQ Ϧљ܌ғౢᔠෳЕࢊᆶ ҥЕѦ೽ᆭԗޑᙁܰෳ၂ᏔǴӵკ 2 Ϸკ 3Ƕচ౛߯ճҔ΋ᆒஏቸᘽ܌ౢғޑڰۓ ቸΚǴஒ΋ޔ৩ 2.5 mm ޑናଞа 6 ขԸȐJouleȑޑૈໆᔐΕࡑෳЕ׷ύǴᙖҗና ଞ຾ΕЕ׷ϐుࡋٰຑ՗Е׷ޑѦ೽Ȑ߄य़ȑᆭԗ௃׎Ƕ

! ! Pilodyn ϐ٬ҔБݤӵΠǺ

(1) ౽ନናଞޑៈᇂࡕǴஒናଞ঺΢ᇶշπڀ٠௢ΕᐒᏔϣ೽ǴޔԿڰۓܭצ ᐒ΢Ƕ

(2) ஒᐒᏔ߻ᆄ࿼ܭࡑෳނ߄य़ǴޔԿځӾᆄ຾Ε߄य़Ƕ

(3) ᓸΠۭ೽צᐒаᔐวናଞǴࡑናଞ຾Εࡑෳނϣ೽ࡕǴ᠐ڗځుࡋǶ (4) ஒናଞ጗጗ܜрǴջֹԋ΋ԛෳ၂Ƕ

კ 2. Е׷ᆭԗෳ၂ᏔȐPilodynȑϐკТ Fig.2 Pictures of Pilodyn

კ 3. Е׷ᆭԗෳ၂Ꮤޑ٬ҔБݤϷෳໆރݩҢཀკȐPROCEQ SAȑ Fig.3 The operation of Pilodyn (PROCEQ SA)

3.1.2ᢕϾܢלሺȐDrilling Resistance Measurementȑ

! ! ᢕϾܢלሺࢂҗቺ୯Instrumenta Mechanik Labor GmBHϦљ܌ғౢǴҔаᔠෳ

ЕࢊᆶҥЕϣ೽ᆭԗޑෳ၂ᏔǴΞԖΓᆀځࣁResistographǴёୖԵკ 4 ܌ҢǶځ

ೕ਱ӵΠǺ

(1) ှ݋ࡋǺ0.1 mm (4) ख़ໆǺ3.86 kg (2) ଞఎޔ৩Ǻ1.5 mm (5) നεߏࡋǺ500 mm (3) ሺᏔЁκǺ102 × 305 × 406 mm (6) ଑ᙯೲࡋǺ0 - 55 cm/min

კ4. ᢕϾܢלሺϐკТ

Fig.4 Picture of drilling resistance measurement (Resistograph)

! ! ᢕϾܢלמೌޑҞޑࢂࣁΑाᕕှЕ׷ϣ೽ޑᆭԗՏ࿼Ϸ၀Е׷ࢂցϝ൐

ҔǶচ౛߯ճҔᢕϾܢלሺॐ٬΋ಒଞ຾Εࡑෳ၂׷ϣǴෳۓಒଞܭ଑ᙯਔޑᢕ ϾܢלॶǶଞᓐࢂ΋߈՟ങ׀ޑ׎ރǴᢕϾܢל໣ύӧӾᆄǴቨࡋࣁଞఎቨࡋޑ ٿ७Ǵଞϐ଑ᙯೲࡋ཮ᒿᢕϾ׷਑όӕԶ౦ǶஏࡋଯޑЕ׷཮ၨஏࡋեޑЕ׷઻

ႝǶ٠ճҔ೬ᡏȐIML-Software F-TOOLSȑǴஒೀ౛ኧᏵᙯԿႝတइᒵԋࣁᢕϾ ܢלໆᡂԔጕȐDrilling profileȑǴှ݋ࡋࣁ0.1 mmǶᢕϾܢלॶᆶஏࡋ໔ԖஏϪ ޑ࣬ᜢ܄ӸӧǴёаஒܢלໆᡂԔጕӆ຾΋؁ᙯᡂԋஏࡋໆᡂԔጕȐDensity profileȑǶჹܭ਻ଳރᄊЕ׷ǴᢕϾܢלЬा٩ᒘځஏࡋǴόၸ٬ҔሺᏔӧ׷਑ᔠ

ෳਔǴჹܭᢕϾޑჴࡼڀԖڰۓᙯኧϷ௢຾ೲࡋǶ

! ! ᜢܭᢕϾܢלሺჴሞ٬Ҕޑ௃ݩёୖԵკ5ϐѰკǶѓკ߾ࣁᢕϾܢלሺӧ

٬Ҕਔइᒵરޑϸᔈ௃׎Ƕ

კ5. ᢕϾܢלሺ٬ҔރݩϷइᒵરޑइᒵ௃׎

Fig.5 The operation of drilling resistance measurement

3.1.3ڈଞ֖ࠠН౗ीȐBD-2100 Moisture Meterȑ

! ! ҁ၂ᡍύ٬Ҕޑࢂऍ୯DELMHORSTϦљғౢϐBD-2100ࠠႝߔԄЕ׷֖Н

౗ीǴёୖԵΠკ 6 ܌ҢǶځϣ࿼௖ଞǴࡺΞёᆀࣁڈଞ֖ࠠН౗ीǶҁሺᏔന ӭёಕᑈ50฽ኧᏵǴ٠Ծ୏ीᆉѳ֡ॶǹҭёႣ೛΢Πज़Ǵຬၸጄൎਔ཮Ծ୏᝾

֋ǶԜ֖Н౗ीૈෳໆጄൎё୔ϩӵΠǺ

! (1) ֖Н౗ 6 % - 40 %፾ܭໆෳЕ׷ǴӵǺЕ፦Ӧ݈ǵࡌᑐ׷਑ǵЕ፦໔ࢊǵԎ ኺǵѦᏛЕ݈Ƕ

! (2) ֖Н౗ 0.2 % - 6 %ᔈҔܭҡᆯǶ

! ! ࣴزύճҔԜ֖Н౗ीໆෳЕ፦ғᄊπำޑ׷਑߄य़֖Н౗ǴБݤࢂஒሺᏔ ഗ΢ϐ௖ଞڈΕЕ׷ύǴӆࡪ່ෳ၂ǴЕ׷ޑ֖Н౗ኧॶஒᡉҢܭय़݈΢ǶӢჴ ᡍύෳ၂ޑ׷਑ࣁ׼Е܈࢛׼Ǵឦܭಃ΋ᜪ׷਑Ǵࡺനεॶа40 %ीǶ

კ6. ڈଞࠠЕ׷֖Н౗ी

Fig.6 Pictures of BD-2100 moisture meter

3.2่ᄬᡂՏᅱෳ

! ! ࡌᄬܭ࠻ѦϐғᄊπำǴऩᎁၶξ஝ǵβҡࢬ฻Ծฅؠ্ǴёૈӢԜౢғπ ำઇᚯ܈Տ౽ޑރݩǶࣁዴߥᄬҹᛙۓǴѸ໪؂႖΋ࢤਔ໔ჹᄬ೷ނ຾ՉᡂՏᅱ

ෳǶᔠෳБݤࢂ٬ҔȨႜ৔࿶ጎሺȩǴӵკ 7 ܌ҢǶ่ᄬᡂՏޑෳໆБԄࢂӧຯᚆ ᄬ೷ނᡘᡏϐ΋ࢤՏ࿼ᒧ᏷ٿୖԵᗺǴ٠ჹ่ᄬނޑଝௗ೽ϩ຾Չ࣬ჹຯᚆϐෳ

ໆԶࡕइᒵǶୖԵᗺ໪ՏܭషᏉβ೛ࡼ΢БǴаዴߥୖԵᗺҁيૈᆢ࡭ᛙۓǴ྽

ਔ໔࿶ၸǴୖԵᗺϝόౢғՏ౽܈ࢂՏ౽ໆཱུλǴόቹៜჴᡍǶஒႜ৔࿶ጎሺ፛

ҥܭୖԵᗺ΢БǴ࿶ጎሺ཮ჹෳᗺྣ৔ႜ৔ӀǴ࿶җว৔ᆶௗԏډϸ৔Ӏ໔ޑਔ ໔ৡёඤᆉٿᗺȐୖԵᗺᆶෳᗺȑ໔ϐ࣬ჹຯᚆǶ྽΋ୖԵᗺෳۓֹࡕǴӆඤќ

΋ୖԵᗺ຾Չ࣬ӕෳᗺϐෳۓǶӵԜǴჹܭӕ΋ෳᗺǴૈளډᆶٿୖԵᗺޑ࣬ჹ ຯᚆǴٿԛෳໆਔǴջёளޕࢂցෳᗺՏ࿼ڀԖՏ࿼ᡂϯǶ܌ᒧ᏷ޑෳᗺх֖ᄬ

೷ނޑഗᆄǵۭ೽Ǵ٠ЪѳՉऊ 1.8 m ຾ՉෳۓǶ؂࿶ၸ΋ࢤਔ໔Ǵ٩ྣ΢ॊБԄ ჹ܌ᒧۓޑෳᗺ຾Չ࣬ჹຯᚆෳໆǴ٠ϩ݋ࢂցୖԵᗺᆶෳᗺ໔ޑ࣬ჹຯᚆԖ܌

ᡂϯǶऩᡂϯλࣗԿؒԖׯᡂǴ߄Ң่ᄬᛙۓǴؒԖܴᡉՏ౽ǹՠऩ࣬ჹຯᚆׯ ᡂࣗӭǴ߾߄Ңёૈᡘᡏޑ่ᄬόᛙǴ܈ࢂ၀ೀޑӦቫ่ᄬၨόᆙஏǴ৒ܰ᚞୏

ठ٬ᄬ೷ނౢғՏ౽ǶᡂՏᅱෳޑ၂ᡍჹຝࣁەើϼѳξە஑΋ጕၰ΢ϐ 1.72 kǵ 15.4 kǵ1.56 k Ϸ 23.9 k ೀޑѤ০Е਱ਣ࿯ڋᡘπำǴаϷྛᓐεᏢ֞ޑ࢛׼࿯ڋ ᡘǵۏےԮኯᡘکЕ፦ݞၰៈ۞Ƕ

კ 7. ႜ৔࿶ጎሺϐკТϷ٬Ҕރݩ

Fig.7 The displacement monitoring of wooden structure by laser theodolite

3.3ᅹનຟӸໆ

Е׷ᄬԋϡનࣁ 50 %ᅹǶӢԜऩЕ፦׷਑аڰᡏރᄊ٬ҔਔǴёஒځख़ໆ΋

ъϐᅹનаԖᐒ፦ϯӝނޑރᄊڰۓӧ׷਑ϣԶόញܫԿε਻ύǶаஏࡋȐ܈К ख़ȑ350 kg/m³ޑ࢛׼׷ࣁٯǴ཮ຟᙒ 175 kg/m³ᅹનǴՠځӧᇙ೷ਔ཮੃຤ૈྍ

980 MJ/m³ǴԶ௨ܫᅹનऊ 20 kg/m³Ǵᅹનϐ௨ܫໆᆶຟᙒໆ࣬ܢջளృᅹનຟӸ ໆࣁ -155 kg/m³Ȑ-155 kg/m³= 20 kg/m³ - 175 kg/m³Ǵॄॶж߄ຟӸȑǶ܌ԖЕ፦׷

਑֡ឦܭᅹનຟᙒࠠ׷਑Ǵᒳ׷ǵ᎑ǵషᏉβ฻׷਑֡ࣁᅹન௨ܫࠠ׷਑Ƕӵ߄ 1

܌ҢǶȐЦ݊҉Ǵ2002ȑ

߄ 1. Ӛᅿ׷਑ᇙ೷ਔ੃઻ϐૈྍϷᅹન௨ܫໆ

Table1. The energy consumption and carbon emission of various material ᇙ೷ਔᅹન௨ܫໆ

׷਑ᅿᜪ ҡϯᐯᐨ

MJ/kg

ૈྍ੃຤ໆ

MJ/m³ kg/t kg/m³

ృᅹનຟӸໆ kg/m³ Ϻฅଳᔿ׷

(ஏࡋ 500kg/m³) 1.5 750 30 15 -235

ٛᆭೀ౛׷ 1.8 900 36 18 -232

Γπଳᔿ׷

(ஏࡋ 500kg/m³) 2.8 1,390 56 28 -222

ӝ ݈

(ஏࡋ 550kg/m³) 12 6,000 218 120 -155

໣ ԋ ׷

(ஏࡋ 500kg/m³) 4,500 82 -168

ಈ Т ݈

(ஏࡋ 650kg/m³) 20 10,000 308 200 -125

่ᄬᒳ׷ 448,000 8,132 8,117

ᒳ ׷ 35 266,000 700 5,320 5,320

᎑ 435 1,100,000 8,700 22,000 22,000

ష Ꮙ β 2.0 4,800 50 120 120

ᒳโషᏉβ 7,300 182 182

ృᅹનຟӸໆ = ᇙ೷ਔᅹન௨ܫໆ - ׷਑ϐᅹનຟӸໆ

! ຏǺЕ׷ϐᄬԋϡનࣁ 50 %ᅹǵ43 %਼ǵ6 %ణǵځд 1 %ࣁ 20 ӭᅿϡનǴ ӢԜஏࡋ 500 kg/m³ϐЕ׷Ǵځύ΋ъࣁᅹનǴջ཮ຟӸ 250 kg/m³ϐᅹ નǴ܌аΓπଳᔿЕ׷ϐృᅹનຟӸໆࣁ -222 kg/m³Ƕ

! ! ٩ᏵчੇၰН㰗୍݅೽Е׷ਁᑫፐ܌଺ޑࣴزǴКၨа҅य़ᑈ 20.00 m²ࣁൂ

ՏϐᏲβᕅπำǶ࿶࠻ѦҔٛᆭೀ౛ȐACQ ೀ౛ǴK4 ኱ྗ֎ԏໆ 5.2 kg/m³ȑ܌

ࡌ೷ϐ༝Е෇ਣࢎȐЕ਱ਣȑᏲβᕅπำ໪ा٬ҔޑЕ׷ໆࣁ 3.4 m³Ǵ٬Ҕᒳโష Ꮙβࡌ೷ϐᏲβᕅπำ߾໪ा٬ҔషᏉβ 8.9 m³ǶӧԜ௃ݩΠǴीᆉ CO2௨ܫໆǴ

ٛᆭೀ౛Е׷Ǻ66 × 3.4 m³= 224 kgǹషᏉβǺ440 × 8.9 m³= 3,916 kgǶᅹનڰۓ ໆБय़ࣁషᏉβ 0 kgǹٛᆭೀ౛Е׷Ǻ642 × 3.4 m³= 2,183 kgǶ

! ! ӢԜࡌ೷҅य़ᑈ 20.00 m²ࣁൂՏϐᏲβᕅπำਔǴऩаЕ׷Ȑ౧ҵЕȑڗж షᏉβǴё٬ CO2ϐߺ෧ਏ݀ၲ 5,875 kgǶջ CO2วғໆ = ௨ܫໆ - ڰۓໆǴ 3,916 kg + 2,183 kg - 224 kg = 5,875 kgǶȐчੇၰН㰗୍݅೽Е׷ਁᑫፐǴ2002ȑ

! ! ӧҁࣴزύ܌ाीᆉޑЕ׷ᅹનຟӸໆջࢂачੇၰН㰗୍݅೽Е׷ਁᑫፐ

܌଺ޑࣴزࣁ٩ᏵǴКၨ٬Ҕ࿶࠻ѦҔٛᆭೀ౛܌ࡌ೷ϐ༝Е෇ਣࢎȐЕ਱ਣȑ ᏲβᕅπำϷ٬ҔᒳโషᏉβࡌ೷ޑᏲβᕅπำϐᅹનຟӸໆǶ

3.3.1၂ᡍ׷਑ᆶӦᗺ

! ! ჴᡍύӅ௖૸ѤᅿόӕޑЕ፦ғᄊπำϐࡼπБݤჹᅹનຟӸໆޑৡ౦Ƕ܌

௦Ҕϐ׷਑ࣁ׼Е܈࢛׼ǶѤᅿπݤϩձࣁǺ(1)໺಍πำϐ൩Ӧڗ׷ࡼբБԄǹ (2)Ӄஒ׷਑ᒯϪԋ࣬ӕЁκ༝Е෇ӆՉಔးޑЕ਱ਣᏲβᕅǹ(3)ӃϪԋ҅Бࢊރ ӆಔҥϐЕ਱ਣ࿯ڋᡘǹ(4)೽ϩѐҜՠߥ࡭༝ࢊރϐЕ਱ਣៈ۞Ƕ

3.3.1.1໺಍ਣࢎπݤϐπำፓࢗ

ӧ໺಍ਣࢎπݤޑፓࢗБय़ǴӅፓࢗΑҗНߥֽ܌ࡌ೷ǴՏܭࠄ׫ᑜߞကໂ ϷНٚໂϐ 9 ০Е਱ਣᏲβᕅπำǶ܌٬Ҕޑ׷਑ࣁ׼ЕȐChina fir, Cunninghamia lanceolata (lamb.) Hook.ȑǴࣣࢂޔௗڗҔ྽ӦޑЕ׷ǴӢԜ׷਑೿҂Ӄ࿶ၸٛᆭǵ

ѐҜǵаϷ಍΋ೕ਱฻ೀ౛Ǵ໻ޔௗᒯԋ΋ۓޑߏࡋջ຾ՉࡼπǶᜐࡌ೷ਔᜐፓ

᏾Ǵࡷᒧӝ፾ελޑЕ׷ٰճҔǶࡼπБԄࢂӃஒЕ׷ѳՉξᏛȐջᐉ׷ȑ௨ӈ ԋΟቫǴ٠ᐉӛۯߏԿ܌ा؃ޑߏࡋǴ࣬ᎃٿᐉ׷໔аᑺጾଝڰۓǶ؂ࢤᐉ׷ߏ ࣁ 2.5 m ܈ 3.6 mǴຎࡼπӦᗺԶԖ܌όӕǶᐉ׷௨ӈԿ܌ሡߏࡋࡕܭځ΢ࠟޔ୴

᠄΋ቫ 2 m ޑ׷਑Ȑջ௓׷ȑǴ໔ຯࣁ 0.5 m ܈ 1 mǴӕኬຎࡼπӦᗺޑሡाٰፓ

᏾ǶϐࡕǴख़ፄ΢ॊ؁ᡯஒ׷਑୴᠄Կ፾྽ଯࡋǴѳ֡ऊ 1.6 mǶόӕቫ໔ϐ௓׷

Ҭᒱ௨ӈǴ٠Ъܭ୴᠄ֹࡕӧᏲβᕅϣ೽༤Εβҡ٠ᓸჴǴЪᐉ׷ᆶ௓׷໔Ψଝ

΢ᑺጾଝϷ٬Ҕ៓ํڰۓǴቚуπำޑᛙۓࡋǶ

໺಍ਣࢎπݤ܌ࡌ೛ޑπำკТёୖԵΠკ 8 Ϸკ 9 ܌ҢǴځύკ 8 ࣁѠ 16 ጕ΢ጓဦ 2 ϐᏲβᕅǶ

კ 8. ໺಍ਣࢎπݤϐᏲβᕅ კ 9. ቚуπำᛙۓ܄ޑᑺጾଝϷ៓ํ

Fig.8 The wooden retaining wall Fig.9 The connection of retaing wall by leech constructedby traditional method staple and wire to increasing structure stability

3.3.1.2༝Е෇ރ O&D πݤϐЕ਱ਣᡘᡏ

O&DמೌπݤȐOut Door Woodȑࣁ٬౧ҵЕԖਏճҔԶ໒วϐȨଯऐΦϯೀ

౛Е׷ȩמೌǶБݤࢂӃᓸᕭЕ׷Կ 80 %аઇᚯЕ׷ޑഈ༞ᏛϾǴ٬ٛᆭᛰᏊ৒

ܰᅖ೸Ǵೀ౛ֹࡕЕ׷ӣൺЁκǴӣൺ౗ၲ 97 %а΢ǴՠᛰᏊϝԖਏߥ੮ܭЕ׷

ϣǴаቚуٛᆭೀ౛ਏ݀Ƕ

ӢѦᄬ೛ࡼ܌Ԗ೽Տǵᄬ׷֡ೀܭ࠻ѦǴ࿶தᚼ៛ӧ໚Ӏᆶफ़ߘᕉნΠǴࡐ

৒ܰЇଆᆭԗԶӍϯǶ΋૓ԶقǴ܌Ԗᐋᅿϐᜐ׷֡คऐԗ܄ǴܭΟԃϣ཮ౢғ ӍϯǶՠЈ׷ϐऐΦ܄ύன܈եޣǴӧ 4-7 ԃࡕҭ཮ᆭԗ௞Ǵࡺ໪຾ՉЕ׷ϐٛᆭ

ೀ౛ࡕӆ٬ҔǶ

ҁࣴز܌٬ҔϐЕ׷ࣁ࢛׼ȐJapanese cedar, Cryptomerioids japonica (L.f.) D.DonȑǶࡼπϐ߻Ǵ࢛׼চЕӃ࿶ຊϪǵগҜǴԶࡕа௽ϪᐒȐRotary latheȑу πԋޔ৩ 12 cm ϐ༝Е෇Ǵӵკ 10 ܌ҢǶ٠ஒ׷਑Ξϩࣁֹӄև༝ࢊރϐᐉ׷Ϸ ӧᕵᘐय़ٿୁຯᆄᗺ 10 cm ೀќѦϣߺԋ 2 cm пኲϐ௓׷฻ٿᅿ׎ރޑ׷਑Ƕᇙ

׷ࡕஒЕ׷ܭቷϣ຾ՉϺฅ܈ΓπȐଳᔿጀȑଳᔿǴࡑ֖Н౗फ़եԿ 20 %Ѱѓω уаճҔǶ

კ 10. O&D πݤϐᇙ׷௃׎

Fig.10 Manufacturing the logs material by O&D technique

Е׷ᇙբֹԋࡕջ຾Չٛᆭೀ౛Ƕ܌ݙΕϐٛᆭᛰᏊࣁ ACQȐል₧୷ሓϯӝ ނسȑЕ׷ٛᆭᏊǴ٬ख़ໆԭϩКၲ 6.0 %а΢Ǵஒ࿶уπࡕϐ࢛׷౧ҵЕး࿼ӧ

੿ޜٛᆭೀ౛ኲϣǴӵΠკ 11ǶٛᆭኲஏഈࡕǴӃ຾Չ߻௨਻Ǵ੿ޜࡋࣁ 0.08 MPa Ȑ600 mmHgȑа΢Ǵᆢ࡭ਔ໔ 20-30 min ࡕǴ຾Չуᓸೀ౛Ǵуᓸϣᓸࣁ 1.2-1.5 MPa

Ȑ12-15 kgf/cm²ȑǴᆢ࡭ਔ໔ 120 min а΢Ǵӆ຾Չࡕ௨਻ೀ౛Ǵ੿ޜࡋ 0.08 MPa Ȑ600 mmHgȑа΢Ǵᆢ࡭ਔ໔ 20-30 minǶٛᆭೀ౛׷ϐᎦៈਔ໔Ǵܫ࿼ӧόڙВ ᠴߘరϐ፾྽൑܌຾ՉϺฅଳᔿޣǴሡ 14 Ϻа΢ǹԶӧྕࡋ 60-80 кచҹΠբଳ ᔿೀ౛຾ՉΓπଳᔿޣ߾ሡ 5 Ϻа΢Ƕ

კ 11. ࢛׼ٛᆭೀ౛ރݩ

Fig.11 Preservative treatment of Japanese cedar

ٛᆭᛰᏊޑ֎ԏໆ٩ CNS 3000 ೕۓǴ௦Ҕ K4 ኱ྗǴЕ׷ჹ ACQ ϐ֎ԏໆ

ၲ 5.2 kg/m³Ƕځ٬ҔᕉნࣁЕ׷ೀܭ࠻ѦǴ٠ޔௗڙϺংӍϯǴՠค࡭ុௗ᝻Н ᆶȐ܈ȑӦǹ܈Е׷ೀܭ࠻ϣዊᔸೀǶ

Զ O&D πݤЕ਱ਣ࿯ڋᡘϷᏲβᕅϐፓࢗӦᗺՏܭەើϼѳξޑە஑΋ጕ ၰ΢ǴӅी 3 ০ǴϩձՏܭ 1.72 kǵ23.9 k ϷႱϐᐛǶࡼբၸำӵΠǺ

(1) ዴۓࡼπՏ࿼ࡕӃమ౛୷ӦǴӧ୷ᘵ΢БஒٿЍ 2 m ߏ༝Е෇Ȑջᐉ׷ȑ ໔႖ 80 cm ϕԋѳՉǴаᖥਵڰۓܭ୷ᘵ΢БǶԶࡕஒ 3 Ѝ 1 m ڀпኲޑ

༝Е෇Ȑջ௓׷ȑϐп౩ೀǴ࿼ܭຯ 2 m ߏ༝Е෇ϐᆄ೽ 10 cm ೀϷύѧ

೽ՏȐ໔႖ 60 cmȑǴ٬ԋϔӷࠠǶ

(2) ٩΢ॊϐբ཰؁ᡯǴ೴؁ቚуᡘᡏޑߏࡋǵଯࡋǴޔԿӚӦᗺޑႣۓЁκ ࣁЗǶ

(3) ೛ࡼֹԋࡕǴӧᡘᡏϣ೽༤к۟ҡǴ٠ӧ೛ࡼᆶ۟ቫ໔೴ቫӣ༤ؼ፦βᝆ ЪᓸჴԿ 80-85 ʘǴջֹԋ O&D πݤϐғᄊπำǴΞᆀЕᇙਠঊԄϔӷ

ࠠғᄊπݤǶ

! ! πำࡼբޑރݩёـΠკ 12 ܌ҢǴԶܭځΠБޑკ 13 Ϸკ 14 ϩձࢂ٬Ҕ O&D πݤ܌ࡌ೷ϐ࿯ڋᡘȐՏܭە஑΋ጕ 23.9 kȑکᏲβᕅȐՏܭႱϐᐛȑаϷ ځ߈ܡ௃׎Ƕ

კ 12. ٬Ҕ O&D πݤࡼբπำϐ౜൑ރݩ

Fig.12 The construction process of retaining wall by O&D technique

კ 13. O&D πݤᇙբϐ࿯ڋᡘϷ߈ܡྣ

Fig.13 The overview of check dam constructed by O&D technique

კ 14. O&D πݤᇙբϐᏲβᕅϷ߈ܡރݩ

Fig.14 The overview of retaining wall constructed by O&D technique

3.3.1.3҅Бࢊރཥπݤϐ࢛׼࿯ڋᡘ

Ԝࣁᆵεჴᡍ݅ᆅ౛ೀܭྛᓐεᏢ֞܌೛࿼ϐ࢛׼׷਑ғᄊπำ࿯ڋᡘǶԖ ձܭа۳׷਑ࣣࣁ༝ࢊࠠԄǴ࢛׼ӧ٬Ҕ߻֡ӃϪߺԋᐉᘐय़ࣁ 15 × 15 cm Ϸ 10 × 10 cmϐ҅БࢊރࠠԄӆՉಔးǶ٩࿯ڋᡘ܌ሡޑၠຯϷቨࡋǴ२Ӄϩձᒧ᏷

፾྽ߏࡋǵᐉᘐय़ࣁ 15 × 15 cm ޑЕࢊࠟޔѺΕβϣȐջኯ׷ȑǴ٠ߥ࡭؂Ѝኯ׷

໔ޑຯᚆࣁ 1.8 mǶԶࡕܭኯ׷ϣǴаНѳБԄՠࠟޔݞၰБӛ௨ӈᐉᘐय़ࣁ 10 × 10 cm ϐЕࢊȐջᐉ׷ȑǶӆܭᐉ׷΢ቫǴࠟޔᐉ׷БӛНѳ୴᠄ᐉᘐय़ࣁ 10 × 10 cmϐЕࢊȐջ௓׷ȑǴЪ௓׷୴᠄ਔࣣѰѓ֨Րኯ׷Ƕஒᐉ׷Ϸ௓׷ख़ፄ ӛ΢୴᠄Կ࿯ڋᡘ܌ሡଯࡋǴ٠٬ҔᖥਵଝௗǴӆܭᡘᡏϣ༤кβҡǴֹԋ࢛׼

࿯ڋᡘǶӢ೭ࢂةว৖ޑЕ፦ғᄊπำࠠԄǴࡺኩਔᆀϐࣁཥπݤǶԶ܌٬Ҕޑ

࢛׼ӧࡌ೷πำ߻Ψ҂ႣӃ຾Չٛᆭೀ౛Ƕ

Ԗᜢཥπݤ܌ࡌ೷ޑғᄊπำ࿯ڋᡘკТǴёୖԵΠკ 15ǴѰࣁ࿯ڋᡘ᏾ᡏ ޑރݩȐᐉၠݞၰޣȑǴѓ߾ࢂ߈ܡޑЕ׷௨ӈϷଝௗ௃׎Ƕ

კ 15. ٬Ҕཥπݤ܌ᇙբϐ࿯ڋᡘ

Fig.15 The check dam constructed by a new method in University Gully

3.3.1.4༝ࢊރཥπݤϐЕ፦ݞၰៈ۞

Ԝҭࣁᆵεჴᡍ݅ᆅ౛ೀӧྛᓐεᏢ֞܌೛࿼ϐЕ፦ғᄊπำǶᆙᎃӧ΢ॊ

ޑ࢛׼࿯ڋᡘٿୁǴӵკ 16 ܌ҢǶ׷਑ӕኬ٬Ҕ࢛׼ǴࡼբБԄҭᆶཥπݤޑ࿯

ڋᡘ࣬ӕǶ୤࣬౦ޑ΋ᗺࢂ٬Ҕޑ׷਑ࣁޔ৩ 15 cm ܈ 10 cm ϐ༝ࢊȐޔ৩ၨε ޣࣁኯ׷ǴځᎩࡪ፾྽ߏࡋϩଛࣁᐉ׷܈௓׷ȑǴ٠ߚᒯϪԋᐉᘐय़ࣁ҅Б׎ޑЕ

ࢊǶ܌٬Ҕޑ࢛׼׷٣Ӄ҂Չٛᆭೀ౛Ǵՠ೸ၸѐҜᆶցٰፓ᏾Е׷ޑ৩ભԿ࣬

՟ЁκǴӆஒϐ୴᠄ǵଝௗǴࡌ೷ԋЕ፦ៈ۞Ƕៈ۞ӄ೽ӅϩѰѓٿᜐǴևჹᆀ ௨ӈǴӢԜҁჴᡍӧीᆉ΢Ǵ໻໪ᕕှځύ΋০ޑ׷ᑈǴӆ४΢ٿ७Ǵջёளډ ӄᡏεᏢ֞Е፦ݞၰៈ۞ϐ׷ᑈǶ

კ 16. εᏢ֞Е፦ݞ۞ៈڵϷ߈ܡྣ

Fig.16 Wooden revetments in University Gully

3.3.2ᅹનຟӸໆीᆉ

ట௢՗ճҔЕ׷ڗжషᏉβԶߺ෧ϐ CO2֖ໆǴѸ໪Ӄीᆉ܌٬ҔޑЕ׷׷

ᑈǶӧ O&D πݤЕ਱ਣᡘᡏǵ҅Бࢊރཥπݤ࿯ڋᡘϷ༝ࢊރཥπݤៈ۞ޑ൑

ӝǴჴᡍ֡ૈճҔ೛ीკ܈׷਑߄ޔௗीᆉ܌ճҔϐ࢛׼ޑ׷ᑈǴՠ໺಍ਣࢎπ ݤᏲβᕅޑࡼբӢࢂޔௗڗҔ౜Ԗϐ׼ЕǴ৩ભ҂಍΋Ǵࡺ໻ૈ٩ᏵπำЁκٰ

௢՗܌٬Ҕ׼Еޑᕴ׷ᑈǶ

ीᆉр٬ҔϐЕ׷׷ᑈࡕǴӕਔीᆉऩаషᏉβࡌ೛ӕЁκϐπำ೛ࡼ܌઻

ҔޑషᏉβᕴᡏᑈǶჹܭᏲβᕅޑ௃׎Ǵࢂа҅य़ᑈ 20 m²཮઻ҔషᏉβ 8.9 m³ ϐ኱ྗᏲβᕅࣁ୷ᘵբ௢՗ǹԿܭ࿯ڋᡘӢۘ҂Ԗ಍΋ϐКၨ୷ྗǴࡺीᆉऩа

฻ᡏᑈჴЈషᏉβπำ଺ࡌ೛ǴځషᏉβ٬ҔޑᡏᑈǶԶࡕǴ຾Չ CO2௨ܫໆ(kg) ޑीᆉǶऩЕ׷Ԗ࿶ၸٛᆭೀ౛Ǵ߾ 1 m³ϐЕ׷ CO2௨ܫໆࣁ 66 kgǹჹܭషᏉ βԶقǴᡏᑈ 1 m³ޑషᏉβǴځ CO2௨ܫໆ߾ࣁ 440 kgǶ

! ! ќѦǴीᆉᅹનڰۓໆ(kg)ǶӢࣁషᏉβ๊ჹคݤڰۓ CO2ܭځύǴӢԜ೭೽

ϩషᏉβࣁ 0 kgǹԿܭЕ׷ޑ CO2ڰۓໆ߾ຎ׷਑όӕԶԖ܌ৡ౦Ƕ൩ҁࣴزύ

٬Ҕޑ׷਑ࣁ࢛׼Ϸ׼ЕԶፕǴஒ࢛׼Кख़а 0.35 ीǴځ֖ᅹનໆࣁ 175 kg/m³ ȐаЕ׷ᅹનКٯࣁ 50 %ीȑǴඤᆉԋ CO2 ਔǴӢᆭԗ܌Їଆϐ CO2 วғໆࣁ 175 × 3.67 kg/m³ȐӈԄύޑ 3.67 ࢂа 44 / 12 ԶளǴջ྽ᅹનᙯඤԋ CO2ਔ܌ளډ ޑख़ໆȑǴջ 642 kg/m³ǹӕ౛Ǵऩа׼ЕКख़ࣁ 0.36 ीǴ߾ёளӢᆭԗ܌Їଆ ޑ CO2วғໆࣁ 180 × 3.67 kg/m³Ǵջ 660.6 kg/m³ǶӢԜǴऩ܌٬Ҕޑ׷਑ࣁ׼

ЕǴᅹનڰۓໆޑीᆉݤࣁ 660.6(kg/m³) × Е׷׷ᑈ(m³)ǹऩ׷਑ࢂ࢛׼Ǵ߾ࣁ 642(kg/m³) ×Е׷׷ᑈ(m³)Ƕ

നࡕߡࢂीᆉࡌ೷πำਔǴऩ٬ҔЕ׷ٰڗжషᏉβϐ CO2 ߺ෧ਏ݀Ƕջ CO₂ วғໆ = ௨ܫໆ - ڰۓໆǴΨ൩ࢂషᏉβ CO2௨ܫໆ + Е׷ CO2ڰۓໆ - Е׷ CO2 ௨ܫໆǶऩࡼբၸำύЕ׷҂࿶ၸٛᆭೀ౛Ǵ߾൩όѸ෧ѐЕ׷ CO2

௨ܫໆ೭΋໨Ȑӵ٩ྣ໺಍ਣࢎπݤ܌ࡌ೷ޑπำȑǶ

3.4Еᄬҹ෌ғൺػރݩፓࢗ

3.4.1ख़ाॶࡰኧȐIVIȑीᆉ

! ! ࣬ၨܭᒳโషᏉβ೛ࡼǴ٬ҔЕ፦׷਑ࡌ೷ޑЕ਱ਣ่ᄬёаගٮғނၨ፾

ەޑғӸᕉნǴࡺᆀբȨғᄊπำȩǶՠғނғߏൺػޑރݩϝ໪࿶ၸຑ՗ωૈள ډղᘐځࢂցғߏؼӳϐ٩ᏵǶ΋૓ԶقǴ෌೏ޑࡠൺ௃ݩӧғᄊᏢࣴز΢Ԗ҅

य़ਏ੻Ƕుਥ܄෌ނϐᙦӭ܄کᙟᇂࡋܭғᄊᏢπբ΢ᡉҢᆶᕉნރݩၲډک ᒋǵៈ۞ᛙۓǵԡࢉނ፦ޑᅖΕϷ෧Ͽ߄य़ࢬѨǴӕਔගٮഁғғނ෈৲аϷ҇

౲ޑࡋଷ୔Ƕҁࣴز຾ՉЕ፦ғᄊπำϐ෌೏ፓࢗϩ݋ਔǴࢂࡑπำ่ᄬނࡌ೷

ࡕຬၸ΋ԃъǴ෌ਭғߏ௃ݩᖿܭᛙۓǶӆϩձჹ܌௦ኬ୔຾Չόӕਔ໔ޑٿԛ

෌ғፓࢗǶ

! ! ჴሞፓࢗБय़ǴਥᏵЕ่ᄬޑჴሞЁκکߏࡋǴஒӚঁటፓࢗኬ୔୮ᒧрኧ ༧ 1 m × 1 m ϐλኬ୔຾ՉፓࢗǴӵΠკ 17 ܌ҢǶࡑኬ୔ᒧۓࡕǴፓࢗ෌ނޑ

࣬ჹஏࡋǵ࣬ჹᓎࡋک࣬ჹᙟᇂࡋȐ܈࣬ჹᓬ༈ࡋȑΟᅿϟໆǶ

კ 17. ෌ғፓࢗਔ୮ᒧϐ 1 m × 1 m λኬ୔

Fig.17 The 1m × 1 m sample plot for vegetation investigation

! ! ᗨฅ྽а΢Οᅿ෌ނޗ཮ፓࢗϐ୷ҁϟໆȐջஏࡋǵᓎࡋϷᙟᇂࡋȑൂᐱ٬

ҔਔǴΨёж߄෌ނޗ཮ޑࢌ΋੝܄ǶӵᙟᇂࡋȐ܈ᆀᓬ༈ࡋȑёᡉҢ΋෌ނӧ ၀ޗ཮ύ܌՞ޑख़ा܄ǹஏࡋૈ߄Ң΋௼ဂޑελǹᓎࡋ߾ёа߄Ң෌ނӧ၀ޗ

཮ύޑϩѲ௃׎ǶՠӢ෌ނঁᡏޑελৡ౦࣬྽εǴऩൂᐱ٬Ҕࢌ΋ϟໆǴதค ݤࡐమཱᕕှ෌ނޗ཮ύӚᅿᜪϐ፾ᔈ௃׎Ϸ၀෌ނޗ཮ύၗྍ೏ϩଛޑރݩǶ ӢԜ΋૓ࣗϿ໻٬Ҕ΋ᅿϟໆǴԶ߯аځύऩυঁϟໆуаಔӝٰ߄ҢϐǶ

ख़ा㨭ࡰኧȐImportance value indexǴIVIȑջҔа߄Ң୷ҁ෌ނϟໆϐಔӝǴ ൩ࢂע΢ॊΟᅿϟໆޑѳ֡ԭϩКٰж߄෌ނဂޗ཮ޑᄬԋǶӢஏࡋǵᓎࡋϷᙟ ᇂࡋΟᅿ୷ҁϟໆ֡ԖځόӕൂՏǴࡺࡰኧελ٠ค΋ۓጄൎǴЪԜΟᅿϟໆࣁ όӕൂՏϐኧॶǶӢԜǴIVI ࡰኧޑीᆉࢂ௦Ҕ΢ॊΟᅿ୷ҁϟໆǴՠҔځ࣬ჹ㨭 բीᆉǶᆉݤࢂஒΟᅿϟໆޑ࣬ჹॶ࣬уӆନаΟǴࡺ΋෌ނޗ཮ύǴ܌Ԗ෌ނ ϐख़ा㨭ࡰኧࡡࣁ 100Ƕόၸीᆉ΢ԖਔΨ཮࣪ౣനࡕȨନаΟȩϐᆉԄǴӵԜ߾

ӕ෌ނޗ཮ύǴ܌Ԗ෌ނख़ा㨭ࡰኧࡡࣁ 300ǶIVI ჴሞޑीᆉБݤӵΠǺ

ࢌ෌ނϐਲ਼ኧ

! ! ! ! ࣬ჹஏࡋ(Relative densityǴR.D.)(%) = ˇˇˇˇˇˇˇˇ × 100 ӄ೽෌ނϐਲ਼ኧ

ࢌ෌ނϐᓎࡋ

! ! ! ! ࣬ჹᓎࡋ(Relative frequencyǴR.F.)(%) = ˇˇˇˇˇˇˇˇˇˇˇ × 100 ኬ୔ύӄ೽෌ނϐᓎࡋ

ࢌ෌ނᙟᇂࡋϐک

! ! ! ! ࣬ჹᙟᇂࡋ(Relative coverageǴR.C.)(%) = ˇˇˇˇˇˇˇˇˇ × 100 ӄ೽෌ނᙟᇂࡋϐک

! ! ! ! ख़ाॶࡰኧ = (࣬ჹஏࡋ+࣬ჹᓎࡋ+࣬ჹᙟᇂࡋ) / 3

! ! ! ! IVI = (R.D.+ R.F.+ R.C.) / 3

! ! ჹܭЕҁ෌ނǴӧ࣬ჹᙟᇂࡋБय़Ǵ΋૓΢ࢂ٬Ҕ࣬ჹᓬ༈ࡋȐRelative dominanceǴR.D.ȑբीᆉǶᆉݤӵΠǺ

ࢌ෌ނϐۭय़ᑈ

! ! ࣬ჹᓬ༈ࡋ(R.D.)(%) = ˇˇˇˇˇˇˇˇˇ × 100 ӄ೽෌ނϐۭय़ᑈ

ۭय़ᑈаૅଯޔ৩ȐDBHȑޑԔጕٰ௢ᘐǶӵ݀ӧኬ୔ϣޑ෌೏ࢂ૛ҁ෌ނǴ Ӣ૛ҁϐوಳ܈ݽᛯᜪҬᒱғߏǴ٬ள࣬ჹஏࡋӧीᆉ΢Ԗჴ፦֚ᜤǴ߾ख़ाॶ

ޑीᆉ໻௦Ҕ࣬ჹᓎࡋϷ࣬ჹᙟᇂࡋϐѳ֡Ƕऩа΢ፓࢗБݤӧ୺Չ΢ϝԖ֚

ᜤǴ߾௦ᙦӭࡋȐAbundanceȑ߄Ң෌ނޑӭჲǶ

! ! ҁჴᡍޑፓࢗჹຝࣁࠄ׫Ӧ୔ӼξѤဦᐏ਒ޑᏲβᕅǵӼξѤဦᐏߕ߈ޑៈ

۞ǵᛥᛥ਱ᐏ਒ᏲβᕅаϷѠ 16 ጕ΢ 22.9 k ε᡼ೀޑᏲβᕅǴᗋԖەើϼѳξە

஑΋ጕၰ΢ 1.72 kǵ15.4 kǵ15.6 k Ϸ 23.9 k ೀϐ࿯ڋᡘکՏܭႱϐᐛޑᏲβᕅǴ Ӆ 9 ঁࣴزჹຝǶፓࢗ΢ॊ୔ୱӧࡌ೷ֹԋࡕ࿶ၸ΋ԃԿϖԃό฻ϐ෌ғൺػ௃

׎ǶᏃᆅғߏޑ෌ނନΑதـϐ૛ҁ෌ނѦΨόЮ΋٤Еҁ෌ނǴՠӢ೭٤Еҁ

෌ނϝࣁλभǴคݤໆෳૅଯޔ৩ȐDBHȑǴຎࣁ૛ҁೀ౛ǶӢԜीᆉ IVI ਔ಍

΋٬Ҕ࣬ჹᓎࡋᆶ࣬ჹᙟᇂࡋϐѳ֡Ƕ

! ! ջ IVI = (R.F.+ R.C.) / 2

3.4.2ၗ਑ϩ݋

3.4.2.1ંତဂიϩ݋ȐCluster AnalysisȑǺ

! ! ෌ဂϩᜪޑҞޑࢂஒ෌ނᅿᜪಔԋ࣬ᜪ՟ϐኬ୔ᘜࣁӕ΋ဂǴаж߄όӕޑ

෌ဂϩѲǶҁჴᡍԏ໣ޑፓࢗၗ਑ஒճҔ঺း೬ᡏ PC-ORD ຾Չંତဂიϩ݋Ǵ ճҔ Euclidean distance ीᆉӚኬ୔໔ޑຯᚆǴӆ຾Չኬ୔ޑᘜဂԶฝрᐋރკǶ

3.4.2.2फ़ᖿჹᔈϩ݋ȐDetrended Correspondence AnalysisǴDCAȑǺ

! ! ӕኬճҔ঺း೬ᡏ PC-ORD ᇶշǴ຾ՉϩѲׇӈݤϐफ़ᖿჹᔈϩ݋ȐDetrended Correspondence AnalysisǴDCAȑǴஒӚኬ୔௨ԋׇӈືǴӆа DCA ӚືᆶᕉნӢ η଺࣬ᜢෳ၂Ǵϩ݋೷ԋ෌ဂϩѲރݩόӕϐᕉნӢηǶ

ಃѤക! ่݀ᆶ૸ፕ!

4.1Е׷ᆭԗำࡋፓࢗ

4.1.1ࠄ׫Ӧ୔Е׷ᆭԗำࡋፓࢗ

4.1.1.1ፓࢗϐπำӦᗺ

! ! ҁჴᡍ߃ԛፓࢗޑ 18 ০НߥֽЕ਱ਣᏲβᕅπำӵ߄ 2 ܌ҢǴԶ܌ፓࢗޑӦ კጄൎ߾ӵკ 18 ܌ҢǺ

߄ 2. Нߥֽࡌ೷ϐЕ਱ਣᏲβᕅπำ Table2. The retaining walls constructed by SWCB ጓ

ဦ π ำ Ӝ ᆀ π ำ ϣ ৒ ໂᙼձ ׸ٚձ ഢ ຏ

A ׫ 59 ጕ 15.5 k ೀၡ਒ڵ

ဌᛙڰπำ Еᓐᡘಔҥ 30 m ߞကໂ ཥໂ׸ ஝༥

B ׫ 59 ጕ 15 k ೀၡ਒ڵဌ

ᛙڰπำ Еᓐᡘಔҥ 46 m ߞကໂ ཥໂ׸ פόډ

C ׫ 59 ጕ 10.5 k ೀၡ਒ڵ

ဌᛙڰπำ Еᓐᡘಔҥ 75 m ߞကໂ ཥໂ׸ פόډ

D ΢Ӽ 8 ᎃΟ೽ၡӼξѤ ဦᐏ਒ݯ౛πำ

຋ᕳ༤ံ.ᅿηኜኞ.ዿ

૛ৢᎎ೛.Еᓐᡘಔҥ.

ᐒఓ᏾Ӧ

Нٚໂ ΢Ӽ׸

E ΢Ӽ 8 ᎃΟ೽ၡӼξѤ

ဦᐏ਒ݯ౛πำ Еᓐᡘಔҥ Нٚໂ ΢Ӽ׸

F ΢Ӽ 8 ᎃΟ೽ၡӼξΟ ဦᐏ਒ݯ౛πำ

ڵഗ௨Н.຋ᕳ༤ံ.

ᅿηኜኞ.ዿ૛ৢᎎ೛.

Еᓐᡘಔҥ.ᐒఓ᏾Ӧ

Нٚໂ ΢Ӽ׸ Ѩ௳

G Γউ݅ၰ 4 k + 050 ೀ΢

Б஝༥Ӧೀ౛πำ

຋ᕳ༤ံ. ᅿηኜኞ.

ዿ૛ৢᎎ೛.Еᓐᡘಔ ҥ.ᐒఓ᏾Ӧ

Нٚໂ ཥξ׸

H ᛥᛥ਱ᐏ۳ࢳҡݢᐏ!

1 kmೀ஝༥Ӧπำ Еᓐᡘಔҥ 40 m ߞကໂ Γک׸

I ҇ғၡᓉکଯ݄ϔ 7 ϩ

8਒ڵဌᛙڰπำ Еᓐᡘಔҥ 30 m ߞကໂ Γک׸ 2 ০

J ҇ғၡ਒Γউᐏ߻πำ Еᓐᡘಔҥ ߞကໂ Γک׸ 1 ቫ

K Ѡ 16 ጕ਒πำ-ጓဦ 1 Еᓐᡘಔҥ Нٚໂ ҇ک׸ ᒾၰ߻

L Ѡ 16 ጕ਒πำ-ጓဦ 2 Еᓐᡘಔҥ Нٚໂ ҇ک׸ ᒾၰ߻

M Ѡ 16 ጕ਒πำ-ጓဦ 3 Еᓐᡘಔҥ Нٚໂ ҇ک׸ ᒾၰ߻

N Ѡ 16 ጕ਒πำ-ጓဦ 4 Еᓐᡘಔҥ Нٚໂ ҇ک׸ ᒾၰ߻

O Ѡ 16 ጕ਒πำ-ጓဦ 5 Еᓐᡘಔҥ Нٚໂ ҇ک׸ ᒾၰ߻

P Ѡ 16 ጕ਒πำ-ጓဦ 6 Еᓐᡘಔҥ Нٚໂ ҇ک׸ ᒾၰ߻

Q Ѡ 16 ጕ਒πำ-ጓဦ 7 Еᓐᡘಔҥ Нٚໂ ҇ک׸ ᒾၰ߻

R Ѡ 16 ጕ਒πำ-ጓဦ 8 Еᓐᡘಔҥ Нٚໂ ҇ک׸ ᒾၰࡕ

კ 18. ܌ፓࢗޑπำӦᗺ(εკ΢ޑमЎ೽ϩ)Ǵ

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ѓΠفࣁࠄ׫ᑜӦკ(ుՅ೽ϩࣁߞကໂϷНٚໂ) Fig.18 The engineering sites in Nantou County

4.1.1.2Ᏺβᕅπำϐ౜ݩ

! ! ஒ߃ԛፓࢗϐ 18 ০Нߥֽ೛ҥޑЕ਱ਣᏲβᕅ౜ݩаЎӷඔॊǴკТ߾ӈܭ ߕᒵ΋аٮୖԵǶ

(1) πำ A

! ! Տܭ׫ 59 ጕ 15.5 k ೀޑၡ਒ڵဌᛙڰπำǴНߥֽϐπำׇဦࣁ 92ES3-483Ƕόၸڙረ॥฻ӢનቹៜǴ΢Бβҡ஝ပΠٰԶஒϐᓸውǶ୷ҁ΢၀

ೀπำઇᚯ٠ߚҁي่ᄬόᛙۓǴԶࢂᎁ஝ပޑβҡ܌ᓸ຋ཞᚯǶёـߕᒵ΋

ޑკ A.1Ƕ (2) πำ B

! ! Տܭ׫ 59 ጕ 15 k ೀၡ਒ڵဌᛙڰπำǴНߥֽ܌ጓޑπำׇဦࣁ 92ES3-484ǶՠࢂԿ౜൑࣮ࢗǴࠅคว౜ҺՖπำၞຝǴΨؒԖβҡ஝ပޑ౜ຝǴ ӵߕᒵ΋ύკ A.2 ܌ҢǶᙁԶقϐࣁȨѨᙫȩǶ௢ෳࢂӢӦკ০኱ᆶπำइᒵՏ

࿼ό֍ӝԶ٬ፓࢗਔפόډǶ (3) πำ C

! ! ӕኬࢂՏܭ׫ 59 ጕ΢ޑၡ਒ڵဌᛙڰπำǶπำӦᗺࣁ׫ 59 ጕ 10.5 k ೀǴ Нߥֽ܌ጓޑπำׇဦࣁ 92ES3-485Ƕՠࢂ౜൑ࠅΨؒـډҺՖπำၞຝǴҭค βҡ஝ပޑ౜ຝǴӕኬࢂȨѨᙫȩǶΨ௢ෳࢂӢӦკ০኱ᆶπำइᒵՏ࿼ό֍ӝ

܌ठǶ (4) πำ D

! ! ՏܭНٚໂ΢Ӽ׸ޑ΢ӼΖᎃΟ೽ၡӼξѤဦᐏ਒ݯ౛πำǴНߥֽޑπ ำׇဦࣁ 92ES3-474ǶπำԿϞǴ෌ғޑൺػރݩؼӳǴऩόвಒ࣮ࢗǴ൳Яค ݤჸ᝺෌ғۭΠԖЕ਱ਣᡘᡏಔҥǶ൳ёᆀள΢ֹӄᑼΕԾฅඳᢀϐύǴ၁ಒ

௃ݩёـߕკ΋ύკ A.3Ƕ

(5) πำ E

! ! ӕኬՏܭ΢ӼΖᎃΟ೽ၡǴӼξѤဦᐏ਒ޑݯ౛πำǶځࡌᄬܭషᏉβᕅ ޑ୷ۭ΢ǴՠҭԖ೚ӭ෌ғൺػǴ୤Ᏺβᕅୁᜐޑ෌ғั༾Ͽ΋٤Ǵӵߕᒵ΋

ύკ A.4 ܌ҢǶ (6) πำ F

! ! ΢ӼΖᎃΟ೽ၡӼξΟဦᐏ਒ݯ౛πำǴНߥֽπำׇဦࣁ 92ES3-475Ƕՠ πำѨ௳ǴΨ҂ԖྣТइᒵǶ

(7) πำ G

! ! ౜ݩёـߕᒵ΋ޑკ A.5ǶՏܭНٚໂཥξ׸ǴΓউ݅ၰ 4 k + 050 ೀޑ΢Б

஝༥Ӧೀ౛πำǴНߥֽπำׇဦࣁ 92ES3-477ǶЕ਱ਣᏲβᕅᡘᡏࡌᄬܭషᏉ βᕅ΢Ǵ٠ЪӧЕ਱ਣᏲβᕅ਒ᜐќ೛Ԗೂ᠈πำǶҁЕ਱ਣπำԖϿ೚෌ғ ൺػǴЪӭғߏӧᡘᡏ΢БǴᡘᡏୁᜐޑ෌ғࡐϿǴՠҗკ A.5 Ψё࣮р၀ೀ

ࣁၨଳᔿϐӦᗺǴࡺ෌ނൺػޑ௃׎ၨό٫Ƕ (8) πำ H

! ! ՏܭߞကໂΓک׸Ǵᛥᛥ਱ᐏ۳ࢳҡݢᐏ 1 km ೀ஝༥ӦπำǶНߥֽޑπ ำׇဦࣁ 92ES3-486ǴёୖԵߕᒵ΋ޑკ A.6ǶᏲβᕅ΢Бޑ෌ғൺػߚதपஏǴ ӭңҁࣽϖ࿯ؽ΋ᜪޑ෌ނǹՠୁᜐޑ෌ғؒԖࡐӭǴϝёܴᡉـډᏲβᕅπ ำǶ

(9) πำ I

! ! ՏܭߞကໂΓک׸Ǵ҇ғၡᓉکଯ݄ϔ 7 ϩ 8 ਒ڵဌᛙڰπำǶԜπำӅ Ԗٿ০Е਱ਣᏲβᕅǴϩձࢂၡ਒΋০Ǵᚆၰၡऊ 10 m ుೀќԖ΋০ǴНߥֽ

πำׇဦࣁ 92ES3-482ǶՏܭၡ਒ϐπำѓᜐᗋࡌԖషᏉβᏲβᕅǶԜೀπำޑ

෌ғൺػपஏǴ٠Ԗ೚ӭᑱᜪ෌ނғߏǴឦܭၨዊᔸޑӦᗺǴ၁ಒރݩёـߕ ᒵ΋ޑკ A.7Ƕ

(10) πำ J

! ! Տܭ҇ғၡ਒ǴΓউᐏ߻ޑπำǴߕ߈ࣁᘓ཯༜ǴԜᏲβᕅπำޑ෌ғൺ ػރݩΜϩؼӳǴ෌ނғߏߚதप౰ǴёୖԵߕᒵ΋ޑკ A.8 ܌ҢǶ

(11) πำ K

! ! ՏܭѠ 16 ጕ਒ޑπำǶҁࣴزӧѠ 16 ጕ΢ӅፓࢗΑ 8 ০Е਱ਣᏲβᕅǶ аጕၰ΢ޑ҇کܴᒾၰࣁϩࣚǴϩձӧᒾၰ߻Ԗ 7 ০ǵᒾၰࡕԖ 1 ০Ᏺβᕅπ ำǶπำ K ջࢂᒾၰ߻ಃ 1 ০Е਱ਣᏲβᕅǴӢԜஒځጓࣁ 1 ဦǶ၀πำՏܭ

៻ၰ΢Ǵ෌ғޑൺػރݩϿǴӭғߏӧᏲβᕅޑ΢БǴԶୁᜐޑ෌ғࣗϿǴ٠ Ъҗߕᒵ΋ޑკ A.9 Ψё࣮рԜೀឦܭၨଳᔿϐ୔ୱǶ

(12) πำ L

! ! Ѡ 16 ጕ΢҇کܴᒾၰ߻ޑಃ 2 ০ᏲβᕅπำǴஒϐጓࣁ 2 ဦǶҗߕᒵ΋ύ კ A.10 ё࣮рԜೀ෌ғၨπำ̇׳ϿǴ൳Я೿ࢂӧᏲβᕅ΢БғߏǴЪӭࣁң ҁࣽ෌ނǴԶᏲβᕅޑୁᜐ෌ғൺػރݩߚதีϿǴ၀ೀΨឦܭၨଳᔿޑӦᗺǶ (13) πำ M

! ! Ѡ 16 ጕ΢҇کܴᒾၰ߻ϐಃ 3 ০ᏲβᕅπำǴጓဦ 3ǶԜೀ܌ࡌޑᏲβᕅ Ӆ 3 ০Ǻ᎞߈ၡ਒Ԗ 2 ০Ǵ૛ᘀύ΋༧εҡࡕय़ᗋԖ 1 ০ǴёୖԵߕᒵ΋ޑკ A.11ǶԜೀޑ෌ғൺػΜϩपஏǴᔈឦѠ 16 ጕ΢܌ԖЕ਱ਣᏲβᕅύ෌ғൺػ നӭޑӦᗺǶ

(14) πำ N

! ! კТёୖԵߕᒵ΋ޑკ A.12ǶࣁѠ 16 ጕ΢҇کܴᒾၰ߻ޑಃ 4 ০Ᏺβᕅπ ำǶՏܭѠ 16 ጕ΢ 22.9 k ೀȐε᡼ȑǴஒϐጓࣁ 4 ဦǶπำ΢Б෌ғൺػރݩ ΜϩؼӳǴΨࡐपஏǹԶᗨฅୁᜐޑ෌ғൺػၨϿǴՠϝԖ೽ϩπำጄൎୁБ ޑ෌ނғߏपஏǶ

(15) πำ O

! ! Ѡ 16 ጕ΢҇کܴᒾၰ߻ޑಃ 5 ০ᏲβᕅπำǴጓဦ 5Ƕܭځ਒ќԖ 1 ০ష ᏉβᏲβᕅπำǶҗߕᒵ΋ύޑკ A.13 ёـԜЕ਱ਣᏲβᕅ΢Бޑ෌ғࡐप ஏǴൺػރݩؼӳǴՠୁᜐޑ෌ғൺػࡐϿǹЪҗβᝆ฻ރݩٰ࣮Ǵёղᘐр ԜೀᔈࢂၨଳᔿޑӦ୔Ƕ

(16) πำ P

! ! Ѡ 16 ጕ΢҇کܴᒾၰ߻ޑಃ 6 ০Е਱ਣᏲβᕅπำǴӢԜзځጓဦࣁ 6Ƕ ӧځ਒ᜐӕኬќࡌԖ 1 ০షᏉβᏲβᕅǶҗߕᒵ΋კ A.14 ёـǴᆶεӭኧЕ਱

ਣᏲβᕅ෌ғൺػރݩ࣬՟Ǵӧ၀Ᏺβᕅ΢Бޑ෌ғൺػၨֹ᏾ǴୁᜐၨϿǶ ՠ೭০Ᏺβᕅୁᜐޑ෌ނၨπำ OȐѠ 16 ጕ 5 ဦȑัӭǴЪୁᜐࢌ٤೽ϩޑ෌

ނғߏΨΜϩपஏǶ (17) πำ Q

! ! Ѡ 16 ጕ΢҇کܴᒾၰ߻ޑಃ 7 ০Е਱ਣᏲβᕅπำǴጓဦࣁ 7Ǵҭࢂᒾၰ

߻നࡕ΋০Е਱ਣᏲβᕅǶᎃௗӧᒾၰ਒ǴЪӦ΢ԖᑈНǴё࣮рԜೀᕉნၨ

ࣁዊᔸǶӕኬӧᏲβᕅ΢Б෌ғၨपஏǴԶୁᜐ೽ϩᗨฅ෌ނၨϿǴࠅΨԖ൳

୔༧෌ғൺػރݩ٫Ǵՠᆶᒾၰௗ᝻ޑٗ΋ୁ෌ғൺػၨϿǶ၁ಒރݩёـߕ ᒵ΋ޑკ A.15Ƕ

(18) πำ R

! ! Ѡ 16 ጕ΢Ǵ҇کܴᒾၰࡕޑЕ਱ਣᏲβᕅπำǴጓဦ 8ǶΨࢂࣴزύܭѠ 16 ጕ΢܌ፓࢗޑനࡕ΋০πำᡘᡏǶᎃௗӧᒾၰࡕǴՠᏲβᕅќ΋ୁ߾ᆙᎃ΋

০షᏉβπำǶҗߕᒵ΋კ A.16 ёـԜЕ਱ਣᏲβᕅ΢Бޑ෌ғൺػߚதप ஏǴ٠Ъୁᜐޑ෌ғൺػҭࡐӭǴՠӧᏲβᕅޑύࢤϷ᎞߈షᏉβᏲβᕅޑ΋

λ೽ϩࠅ෌ނߚதีϿǶԿܭ೷ԋԜᅿ౜ຝޑচӢǴ௢ෳᔈکڵय़ۭΠޑНЎ ރݩԖᜢǶ

πำ́!.^!ӼξѤဦᐏ਒

˃

˄˃

˅˃

ˆ˃

ˇ˃

ร˄ඈ ร˅ඈ รˆඈ รˇඈ รˈඈ รˉඈ

ˣ˼˿̂˷̌́෡৫ʻ̀̀ʼ

ᖩޗ

൳ޗ

πำ̃!.^!Γউ݅ၰ4 k + 050

˃

˄˃

˅˃

ˆ˃

ˇ˃

ร˄ඈ ร˅ඈ รˆඈ รˇඈ รˈඈ

ˣ˼˿̂˷̌́෡৫ʻ̀̀ʼ

ᖩޗ

൳ޗ

πำ̄^!.^!ᛥᛥ਱ᐏ਒

˃

˄˃

˅˃

ˆ˃

ˇ˃

ร˄ඈ ร˅ඈ รˆඈ รˇඈ รˈඈ

ˣ˼˿̂˷̈́෡৫ʻ̀̀ʼ

ᖩޗ

൳ޗ

πำ̅^!.^!䁬کଯ݄ϔ7ϩ8਒

˃

˄˃

˅˃

ˆ˃

ˇ˃

ร˄ඈ ร˅ඈ รˆඈ รˇඈ รˈඈ

ˣ˼˿̂˷̌́෡৫ʻ̀̀ʼ

ᖩޗ

൳ޗ

πำ̆^!.^!Γউᐏ߻

˃

˄˃

˅˃

ˆ˃

ˇ˃

ร˄ඈ ร˅ඈ รˆඈ รˇඈ รˈඈ

ˣ˼˿̂˷̌́෡৫ʻ̀̀ʼ

ᖩޗ

൳ޗ

πำ̇!.^!Ѡ16ጕ΢ጓဦ1

˃

˄˃

˅˃

ˆ˃

ˇ˃

ร˄ඈ ร˅ඈ รˆඈ รˇඈ รˈඈ รˉඈ รˊඈ รˋඈ

ˣ˼˿̂˷̌́෡৫ʻ̀̀ʼ

ᖩޗ

൳ޗ

4.1.1.3ࠄ׫Ӧ୔Е਱ਣᏲβᕅᆭԗރݩ(΋)

! ! ߻ॊϐ 18 ০җНߥֽ܌ࡌ೷ޑЕ਱ਣᏲβᕅπำύǴҁჴᡍԖ٬ҔЕ׷ᆭԗ

ෳ၂Ꮤ Pilodyn ፓࢗ߄य़ᆭԗރݩޑπำӅԖ 6 ০Ǵϩձࢂπำጓဦ Eǵπำ Gǵ πำ Hǵπำ Iǵπำ J Ϸπำ KǶځύନΑπำ H ࢂፓࢗѰǵύǵѓΟ೽ϩӆѳ

֡ǵаϷπำ K ࢂፓࢗѰѓٿ೽ϩӆڗѳ֡ǴځᎩࣣࢂᒧڗύࢤ೽ϩ຾ՉፓࢗǶ

! ! ஒፓࢗޑ่݀բԋკ߄ӵΠკ 19Ǻ

ʳ ʳ

კ 19. Нߥֽࡌ೷ϐЕ਱ਣᡘᡏЕ׷ᆭԗރݩკ(΋) Fig.19 Rottenness of wooden retaining wall structures by SWCB (I)

! ! җკ 19 ёـǴନΑπำ KȐջѠ 16 ጕ΢ጓဦ 1 ϐπำȑޑ߄य़ᆭԗำࡋၨ

եаѦǴε೽ϩӦ୔Е׷ޑ Pilodyn ѺϾుࡋॶ೿ϟܭ 30 - 40 mm ϐ໔Ƕ࣬ၨܭ׼

Е଼ӄ׷ޑ Pilodyn ѺϾుࡋॶࣁ 18.15 ± 0.66 mmǴૈว౜܌ፓࢗπำޑ Pilodyn

ుࡋ൳Я೿К଼ӄ׷εࡐӭǴ߄Ң߄य़ᆭԗރݩᝄख़ȐPilodyn നు໻ёᢕϾԿ 40 mmȑǶ

! ! ຾΋؁ᢀჸǴёว౜კ߄ᡉҢрޑ่݀εठ΢և౜ΠБ׷਑ϐ Pilodyn ѺϾు

ࡋၨ΢Б׷਑ుޑᖿ༈Ƕ௢՗চӢǴёૈӢࣁၨ᎞߈ΠБޑЕ׷ᆶβᝆௗ᝻೽ϩ

ၨӭǴڙβᝆ֖Н౗ޑቹៜၨుǴ຾Զ೷ԋ᎞߈ΠБޑЕ׷߄य़ᆭԗၨᝄख़ǶԿ ܭѠ 16 ጕ΢πำ K ᆭԗำࡋၨᇸ༾ޑӢનǴჹྣ౜൑ፓࢗރݩٰ࣮Ǵёว౜πำ K ޑᕉნၨࣁଳᔿǵ෌ғൺػϿǴࡺπำࡼբӦᗺᔈ၀ࢂቹៜᏲβᕅᆭԗރݩϐ ЬाচӢǶ

! ! ՠӆՉుΕ௖૸Ǵ཮ว౜೷ԋჴᡍᇤৡޑচӢᗋԖࡐӭǶନΑᕉნӢηаѦǴ πำҁيޑ׷਑ᡂ౦൩ࡐεǹΞ຾Չ Pilodyn ၂ᡍޑჹຝࣁܜኬԶளǴу΢ Pilodyn ѝૈᔠෳЕ׷߄य़ᆭԗǴᆭԗനεॶ໻ૈа 40 mm ीǴऩຬၸ 40 mm Ψѝૈ྽բ 40 mm ٰೀ౛Ƕу΢ኬҁኧϿǴϩ݋٠όᆉֹ᏾Ǵࡺ໻ૈัу௢ෳ೷ԋԜᅿᖿ༈

ޑচӢǶ

! ! όၸ᏾ᡏ௃ݩԶقǴѝाπำϝӸӧǴ؂΋০πำ෌ғൺػޑ௃׎ۘᆀؼӳǴ ՠ೷ԋൺػӭჲৡ౦ޑӢન߾ຎ྽ӦᕉნރݩԶԖ܌όӕǴӵڵӛǵԖคНࢬ࿶ǵ

෌ނޑᅿᜪǾǾ฻Ǵ೭٤ӕኬΨᡉҢрᕉნӢનޑቹៜࡐεǶ

ӼξѤဦᐏៈڵ.ѓ۞

˃

˄˃

˅˃

ˆ˃

ˇ˃

ˈ˃

ร˄ඈ ร˅ඈ รˆඈ รˇඈ

ᨵ֞ࣂݼ෡৫ʻ̀̀ʼ

ᖩޗ

ӼξѤဦᐏៈڵ.Ѱ۞

˃

˄˃

˅˃

ˆ˃

ˇ˃

ˈ˃

ร˄ඈ ร˅ඈ รˆඈ

ᨵ֞ࣂݼ෡৫ʻ̀̀ʼ

ᖩޗ

ӼξѤဦᐏᏲβᕅ

˃

˄˃

˅˃

ˆ˃

ˇ˃

ˈ˃

ร˄ඈ ร˅ඈ รˆඈ รˇඈ รˈඈ รˉඈ

ᨵ֞ࣂݼ෡৫ʻ̀̀ʼ

ᖩޗ

ᛥᛥ਱ᐏᏲβᕅ

˃

˄˃

˅˃

ˆ˃

ˇ˃

ˈ˃

ร˄ඈ ร˅ඈ รˆඈ รˇඈ รˈඈ

ᨵ֞ࣂݼ෡৫ʻ̀̀ʼ

ᖩޗ

ࠄ׫Е਱ਣ೛ࡼᐉ׷ѳ֡ᢕϾܢלుࡋ

˃

˄˃

˅˃

ˆ˃

ˇ˃

ˈ˃

ˉ˃

؄ᇆᖯؐࡾ ؄ᇆᖯ׳ࡾ ؄ᇆᖯᖒՒᛥ ᢅᢅ௑ᖯ

ᨵ֞ࣂݼ෡৫ʻ̀̀ʼ

ᖩޗؓ݁

4.1.1.4ࠄ׫Ӧ୔Е਱ਣᏲβᕅᆭԗރݩ(Β)

! ! ࣁΑ຾Չၨֹ᏾ޑϩ݋Ǵҁჴᡍќܭ 2007 ԃޑ 8 Д 28 ВϷ 2008 ԃ 3 Д 7 В

ࡷᒧচӃ 18 ০ᏲβᕅπำύޑѤঁӦᗺ຾Չၨֹ᏾ϐଓᙫᔠෳǶҗܭϐ߻а Pilodynෳ၂ਔǴڙज़ܭሺᏔനӭѝૈѺϾԿ߄य़Π 40 mmǴऩᆭԗుࡋຬၸԜॶ

߾คݤԖਏຑ՗Ǵҁԛׯ٬ҔᢕϾܢלሺ຾ՉЕ׷ޑ߄य़ᆭԗղۓǶӵԜǴऩࢂ

Е׷ᆭԗރݩၨᝄख़ǴჴᡍਔϝёளޕዴϪޑЕ׷߄य़ᆭԗుࡋǶ

! ! ஒ 2007 ԃ 8 Д 28 Вܭࠄ׫ෳளϐᐉ׷ᢕϾܢלኧᏵᇙԋკ߄Ǵӵკ 20 Ϸ 21Ǻ

კ 20. Нߥֽࡌ೷ϐЕ਱ਣᡘᡏЕ׷ᆭԗރݩკ(Β) Fig.20 Rottenness of wooden retaining wall structures by SWCB (II)

კ 21. Нߥֽࡌ೷ϐЕ਱ਣᡘᡏЕ׷ѳ֡ᆭԗރݩკ(΋)

Fig.21 Average rottenness of wooden retaining wall structures by SWCB (I)