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在學校按部就班推行靜觀教育 的挑戰與解決方法

--- 佛教何南金中學行政角度經驗分享

佛教何南金中學

馬寶紅副校長

(2)

• 2017年10月, 教育局外評隊到訪本校3日, 我們會 分享外評隊如何評價本校推行禪修工作, 例如透 過與其他科組合作進行禪修減壓輔導、情緒教育、

培養正能量等工作……

在學校按部就班推行靜觀教育 的挑戰與解決方法

--- 佛教何南金中學行政角度經驗分享

(3)

3.4. 有效運用「知、情、行」策略培育價值觀

學校一向重視培養學生正面價值,深信「學生做個好人比做 叻人更重要,如果做到叻人更應是個好人」。建基學生在行 為態度發長潛能方面已具不俗的表現,學校本周期以深化價 值觀培育……。在價值觀培育方面,學校設定六個價值觀重 點,包括尊重和誠信、慈悲與堅毅、謙遜和承擔,在三年周 期內逐年推行與之相關的工作。各學生成長支援組別圍繞有 關主題, 以成長課、班主任課及工作坊等培育學生正面價值 觀。學生能藉有關活動加強對個人責任感、正面處事態度的 認知和實踐。

在學校按部就班推行靜觀教育 的挑戰與解決方法

--- 佛教何南金中學行政角度經驗分享

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不同組別在推行德育及公民教育上,分工清楚。除了 ……

外, 近年學校確立初中價值教育, 並新設禪修室,把佛學課 程、禪修、佛化活動等,結合生命教育, 幫助學生學會抱持 正面積極的態度面對生活上遇到的困難,而透過禪修練習, 除能讓學生掌握情緒管理, 更能幫助部份有特殊教育需要學 生提升專注力。學生主動參與佛化活動, 態度認真 …… 整 體而言, 學校充份運用「知、情、行」策略, 有效培養學生 的正面價值觀。

在學校按部就班推行靜觀教育 的挑戰與解決方法

--- 佛教何南金中學行政角度經驗分享

(5)

• 學校行政層面針對處理以下4個問題:

• 團隊的建立

• 要落地, 如實了解推行的難點

• 推行要有層次及階段性

• 常規化、可持續性

在學校按部就班推行靜觀教育 的挑戰與解決方法

--- 佛教何南金中學行政角度經驗分享

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團隊的建立

• 睇餸食飯: 了解一下有多少人力資源

• 倫理與佛化教育組: 4人

• 佛化德育與價值教育科: 4人

• 總人力資源: 8人

(7)

要落地;不要堅離地

• 了解推行禪修的困難之處, 先思索解決方法

• 學生與老師對禪修不理解(唔知你做乜?)

• 心靈培育的工具

• 寧可短, 不可斷

• 學生及教師認為禪修同自行宗教信仰有扺觸

• 學校的官方立場

• 非宗教背景學校: 強調禪修可達致專注、安靜、減壓

(8)

推行要有層次及階段性

• 有層次地推行(逐步凝聚氣氛, 有助有效推行)

• 第一步: 低調式試行

• 第二步: 重點式推行, 讓其他人見到成果

• 第三步: 學校環境氣氛作出配合

• 第四步: 可嘗試整間學校推行

(9)

常規化 > 可持續性

• 加入常規的課程

• 佛化德育及價值教育科課程

• 佛學堂的禪修5分鐘

• 加入學校的日常生活中

• 早上及中午集隊

(10)

在學校按部就班推行靜觀教育 的挑戰與解決方法

– 佛教何南金中學經驗分享

佛教何南金中學

麥嘉偉老師

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• 佛教何南金中學(佛教學校)推行策略

• 人手: 7人

• 重點: 素食(同理心/慈悲心)及禪修(情緒管理)

• 禪修室

• 初中: 佛化德育及價值教育堂

• 高中: 1堂非DSE的佛學與人生堂

• 不定期星期三第九堂的班主任節

• 早上集隊時間

• 高中: 6堂DSE的倫理與宗教科

在學校按部就班推行靜觀教育 的挑戰與解決方法

– 佛教何南金中學經驗分享

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佛教何南金中學推行的其他讓校園有靜觀內含的活動

- 素食班: 靜觀進食 - 瑜珈班: 觀察身體 - 花藝班:專注、確察 - 法器班: 靜觀聲音 - 集隊靜觀時間

在學校按部就班推行靜觀教育 的挑戰與解決方法

– 佛教何南金中學經驗分享

(13)

2018年11月在鯉魚門道遊樂場進行 30周年千人禪修

• 整個靜觀教育的成果

• 增加學生的自信心

• 推行正念的「果」 : 專注、寧靜

在學校按部就班推行靜觀教育 的挑戰與解決方法

– 佛教何南金中學經驗分享

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• 為學生建造一個優良的禪修室

• 改建前的禪修室, 最多只能容納25

• 改建後的禪修室, 禪修室內加佛青閣

在學校按部就班推行靜觀教育 的挑戰與解決方法

– 佛教何南金中學經驗分享

(15)

• 清楚知道並訂立一個清楚的目標

• 專注

• 安靜

• 減壓

在學校按部就班推行靜觀教育 的挑戰與解決方法

– 佛教何南金中學經驗分享

(16)

• 中一至五級每班最少都需要入禪修室上課4次, 中六級 可自行決定到禪修室上課與否。

• 有些靜觀的習俗要事前告知學生

在學校按部就班推行靜觀教育 的挑戰與解決方法

– 佛教何南金中學經驗分享

(17)

在學校按部就班推行靜觀教育 的挑戰與解決方法

– 佛教何南金中學經驗分享

• 讓學生相信自己

• 見到自己的改變

• 學生與老師也是「我能、你也能」

(18)

Implementing Meditation Program in Hong Kong Secondary Schools: Sharing Lessons Learned

Kin Cheung (George) Lee, Ph.D. (李堅翔博士)

Research Consultant (voluntary), Hong Kong Buddhist Association Lecturer, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong

(19)

Agenda

1. Brief Background Introduction 2. Selected Quantitative Data

3. Selected Qualitative Data: Real Life Stores

4. Lessons Learned and Implications

(20)

Research Model

• Community Based Participatory Research (Action Research)

• Different from most of the social science research, the main interest is more than understanding problems and phenomena.

• The goal is to collaborate with all stakeholders in order to address problems in the community, evaluate programs, or bring changes to a system.

• Use the research data, critical reflections, and feedback from stakeholders to continuously make improvements for the benefits of the community.

• Collaborative Enterprise between researchers and schools

• Utilize feedback from school administrations, teachers, and students to continuously make improvements.

• Jointly interpret and make sense of data and generate ways to use the data.

• Iterative collection of feedback, adjustments, and implementations.

(21)

Brief Methodology Overview

• Sample:

4754 usable student responses (Form 1 to Form 6 students from secondary schools under Hong Kong Buddhist Association).

Each school paired up with a non-Buddhist school which did not participate in program as a control group.

• Mixed method:

Quantitative measures with students in forms of questionnaires during pretest and posttest time points, such as:

Age, gender, frequency of meditation, types of meditation, duration of practice, instructors for meditation, etc.

General Health Questionnaire (GHQ),

Nonattachment Scale (NAS)/ 不執著量表,

Situational Motivation Scale (SMS),

Self-Regulation Scale (SRS), etc.

Qualitative measures with students: focus groups with students who volunteered to participate.

(22)

Gender and Religion

Student Respondents Gender

Male 40.2%

Female 59.8%

Religious Affiliations

None 78.0%

Christianity 12.6%

Buddhism 7.4%

Catholicism 1.4%

Others (including Taosim) 0.2%

Place of Birth

Hong Kong 68.8%

Mainland 31.2%

(23)

Developing a Habit of Meditation

• After one year of program implementation, over 30% of students reported to have developed a consistent meditation practice and over 50% of students reported to practice more than 5 minutes each time.

Frequency of Practice

Percentage of Students

1-3 times/month 21%

1-2 times/week 6.7%

3-6 times/week 3.6%

More than 7 times/week

1.2%

No regular practice 67.6%

Duration of Meditation

Percentage of Students Less than 5 mins 27.5%

5-10 mins 33.0%

11-15 mins 18.3%

16-30 mins 12.0%

31-40 mins 5.0%

More than 41 mins 4.1%

(24)

Frequency of Meditation may have an impact

• Out of the sample of 4139 students after one year of program, more frequent meditation is significantly associated with higher self-

regulation skills (自我調節能力) and higher nonattachment (不執著 程度). However, the effect size is not impressive.

Difference in NAS Difference in SRS

Frequency of Meditation

r = .040**

p < 0.01

r = .034*

p < 0.05

(25)

Impact of Individual Teachers

As most of the results are not significant, the research team tried to

interview teachers, students, and re-analyze the data from a new angle. If we extract data from several meditation teachers and compare them to their paired control groups, the results became very different. For

example, in this school (n = 145):

Teacher (Pseudo Name) Pre-Post Mean Diff. SD

Teacher A 0.81 (NAS) 4.86

Teacher A 1.20 (SMS) 4.94

Teacher A - 3.29(GHQ) 1.18

Teacher B -0.30 (NAS) 3.80

Teacher C -0.103 (SMS) 3.64

Teacher D +0.40 (GHQ) 4.96

(26)

Impact of Individual Teachers

Teacher (Pseudo Name) Pre-Post Mean Diff. SD

Teacher A 0.81 (NAS)* 4.86

Teacher A 1.20 (SMS) ** 4.94

Teacher A - 3.29(GHQ)** 1.18

NAS Post hoc: Posttest > Pretest, p < 0.05 (ANOVA) – higher, better SMS Post hoc: Posttest > Pretest, p < 0.01 (ANOVA) – higher, better GHQ Post hoc: Posttest > Pretest, p < 0.01 (ANOVA) – lower, better

Implication: Students of different teachers reported different levels of improvements which suggest that teaching styles, pedagogies,

teacher characteristics, school environment, and other factors may play an important role in the meditation program.

(27)

Feedback from students

觀察身體:

• 可以好好的去減壓,放鬆自己,知道禪修的好處,令心情平靜。

• 我覺得禪修初體驗對我很有用,對失眠的人也很有用。特別在漫漫長夜胡思亂想的人,做禪修淡忘煩惱,放鬆 心情,有助睡眠。

觀察呼吸:

• 能調解自己的情緒、心情,明白到呼吸的多樣性,讓我在不同時候都可以練習專注,學會刻意呼吸(平時是自 然呼吸),使我能覺察身體狀態心情起伏,覺察到自己的身心狀況,有助放鬆、調整情緒,可以調息自己的呼 吸。

• 我覺得呼吸練習也很有用,能讓人覺察到身體的不適特別是無心呼吸,精力都專注在身體上,能覺察到身體上 的病痛,及時醫治。

細味禪:

• 知道食物的層次,幫助我留意每樣事物,細心觀察它的所有特點,發掘另一種快樂。

• 令我欣賞到食物的美味和吃出它有什麼材料,使我日後可以繼續欣賞,而且慢吃對身體有益。

觀察鐘聲:

• 覺察鐘聲,鐘聲可以使人安靜(專注於心裡的感覺,暫時遠離身邊的煩惱,放鬆自己),令我多留意身邊的聲 音。

• 聽覺受到刺激,有體驗,使心平靜,可以安定下來細心聆聽周圍的聲音,平日難有機會放鬆自己留意身邊的事 物,而且多數只用觸覺視覺,未有留意身邊動聽的聲音。

(28)

Feedback from Teachers

• 老師在放學後,也會到禪修室參加每月禪修活動,現在已有40多位教師參 加了禪修課。

• 因為需要任教此課程而需要進行禪修培訓,達至自利利他的良好果效。

• 在日常生活中,禪修更具有放鬆身心、堅強意志、調節情緒、舒緩壓力等 幫助。

• 禪修改善了我的情緒也改善了我和家人的關係。

• 讓老師有機會和同學一起探索,並有助教學,亦令同學更有興趣上佛學課。

• 能提升身心靈健康。

(29)

Conclusion:

Constant Adjustment

• Time and patience.

• Listen to specific needs of stakeholders, such as principals, teachers,

and students.

• Teacher training and buy-in.

• Flexibility and creativity in mindfulness curriculum.

• Constant adjustments and improvements.

參考文獻

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