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以休閒農場和節慶經營關鍵成功因素探討熱帶農業博覽會競爭優勢

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Discussion the Competitive Advantage of Tropical

Agricultural Expo by Leisure farms and festivals key

success factors

Abstract

Since the policy of the Executive Yuan in 1995 to encourage cities and counties to develop urban and rural characteristics, county governments are not only planning variety of fairs and carnivals actively but also attract overseas visitors to come and consumer under the packaging technique of cultural industry. In the booming domestic festivals, Pingtung County also held many festivals such as “Bluefin Tuna Cultural Festival” 、 ”Peninsula Arts Festival”、” Spring Scream Music Festival”、and "Tropical Agriculture Expo" which is the unique symbol of Tropical Agriculture.

As optimistic about the promotion and development of festivals, local government actively involved to host festivals, these activities often failure because to lack of management experience. In fact, the case were failed for the festival organizers in the input before the festival held not think carefully about what are the success factors.

On account of the double-feature mode of leisure agriculture and festivals involving, this research use the cross-analysis from two dimensions of the leisure agricultural festivals held in the key success factors and Include services, marketing, service quality, innovation type, local relations, experience activities such as the six factors. With the intensity of competitive advantage of discovery, six factors are three in front and three areas for improvement. And we can find 50% of the intensity of competition is a bit of a competitive advantage.

According to the finding and conclusions, the suggestions of this study can be used to the relevant units and leisure farms operating reference.

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壹、前言

台灣自1995 年行政院政策鼓勵各縣市政府發展在地城鄉特色,縣市政府乃積極規 劃各種博覽會及嘉年華會,並以文化產業化以及產業文化化的包裝手法藉以廣招外地遊 客前來消費。國內的觀光節慶蓬勃發展,而屏東縣境內也舉辦不少節慶活動,如「東港 鎮的黑鮪魚文化觀光季」、「墾丁半島藝術季」、「墾丁春天吶喊音樂季」,以及象徵特有 熱帶農業的「熱帶農業博覽會」……等。 由於看好節慶活動推廣與發展,地方政府積極投入節慶活動的主辦,但因為缺乏經 營管理的經驗,也未擬定正確的經營策略,於是未能經營成功。其實會產生失敗的情形 是因為業者在投入節慶主辦前,並未仔細的思考舉辦節慶的成功因素是什麼?從消費者 與經營相關議題取向可以歸納分析相關節慶經營要素,並依據外在環境及本身的條件擬 訂適當的經營策略。 本研究以屏東縣熱帶農業博覽會為個案,由於研究者家住屏北地區,家中務農,從 小耳濡目染農務相關事務,希望藉此關心農業轉型朝向精緻農業與休閒農業,透過熱帶 農業博覽會的舉辦不僅讓農業有展示與推廣的舞台,更為屏北地區注入活力,平衡城鄉 差距,讓以靠海的屏南地區推展觀光和漁業與靠山擁有廣大平原耕地的屏北地區推廣休 閒農業互為雙火車頭,帶動屏東經濟發展。

貳、文獻探討

一、關鍵成功因素

(一)關鍵成功因素的定義與來源

對於「關鍵成功因素」(key success factors,KSF),在文獻上有多種不同的解釋與 定義,在早期研究關鍵成功因素的領域中,對使用名稱也意見分歧,諸如最早的限制因 數、策略因素、策略變數或關鍵變數等。但在1979 年以後,越來越多的專家學者投入 這個領域,對使用名稱和看法日趨一致(方威尊,1997)。

本研究綜合學者的說法將關鍵成功因素定義為:個別企業或機構在該產業中能保持 成功並取得競爭優勢的主要關鍵因素。

Ferguson & Dickinson(1982)解釋所謂成功關鍵因素是:

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楊家明,2006,《休閒農場經營管理之個案研究-以資源基礎觀點》。中山大學企業管理 研究所碩士論文。 楊碩哲,2008,《以資源基礎觀點探討休閒農場經營管理之研究-以宜蘭香格里拉休閒農 場為例》。崑山科技大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。 劉倩茹,2008,《遊客對休閒農業規劃之遊憩體驗需求與滿意度研究-以南投縣竹山鎮富 州休閒農業區為例》。中興大學農村規劃研究所碩士班 劉思治,2003,《從關鍵成功因素及資源基礎觀點探討休閒事業之競爭優勢—以西子灣 度假中心為例》。中山大學管理學院國際高階經營學程碩士論文。 蔡坤泰,2006,《休閒農場知覺服務品質、遊客滿意度與行為意向關係之研究-以屏東 熱帶農業博覽會為例》。國立中山大學企業管理學系碩士論文。 蔡宜霖,2008,《節慶活動與地方價值之研究-以台灣咖啡節為例》。南華大學旅遊事業 管理學系碩士論文。 鄭瓊慧,2004,《農村節慶活動與遊客滿意度之研究-以2003 大崗山龍眼蜂蜜文化節為 例》。屏東科技大學農企業管理系碩士論文。 賴福瑞,2005,《遊客對休閒農業區之遊憩動機、體驗與滿意度之研究-以金針山休閒 農業區為例》。屏東科技大學森林系碩士論文。 顏婉吟,2006,《節慶文化活動服務品質之探討—以基隆中元文化祭為例》。臺灣海洋大 學航運管理學系碩士論文。 鐘正全,2008,《以資源基礎觀點論休閒農場之關鍵成功因素》。真理大學管理科學研究 所碩士論文。 顧碧琪,2006,《從資源基礎理論探討休閒農業經營關鍵成功因素之研究。彰化師範大 學會計學系企業高階管理研究所碩士論文。

Aaker, D. A.,1989,“Managing Assets and Skills: The Key to a Sustainable Competitive Advantage.”California Management Review, Winter,pp.91-106.

Ferguson, Charles R. & Roger Dickinson,1982,“Critical Success Factors for Directors”In the Eighties. Business Horizons , pp.14-18.

Grant, R. M. ,1991,“The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage”Implications for Strategy Formulation, California Management Review, 33, pp.114-135.

Hoskisson, R. E ,1999, “Theory and research in strategic management:Swings of a pendulum” Journal of Management, Vol. 25,No. 3, pp. 417-456.

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development.Journal of Travel Research, 40, 132-138

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