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極限運動課程對青少年偏差行為改善之效果研究

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A Study of the Effects of Lifestyle Sports Learning Program for Adolescent Deviant Behaviors

Abstract

The purposes of this study are: (a) to understand the emotional variables of adolescent deviant behaviors; (b) to investigate and examine the effects of lifestyle sports learning program for adolescent deviant behaviors; (c) to provide a counseling program for deviant adolescents. Quasi-experimental Design will be used to test the effects of 5 lifestyle sports learning programs for 5 different types of deviant

adolescents. Subjects will consist 20 junior high school students and the instruments will include Scale for Assessing Emotional Disturbance, Scale of adaptable and inadaptable behaviors, interview records of the subjects, the interview records of the focus group, the interview records of others observing, the observing records of group process, the group diaries of the leader and the reflection of the researcher, and the feedback forms which the group members write about the satisfactory degree and the total feedback of the group. The information of the instruments will be used as the proof and supplements of the research results. Finally, suggestions from the results of this study will provide for school counselors and future study.

Key words: lifestyle sports, adolescent deviant behaviors, quasi-experimental design

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五、研究工具

本研究的除了收集偏差行為青少年的性別、年級、家庭現況、父母教育水 準與職業別等基本人口統計變項資料外,還包括下列研究工具:

(一) 情緒障礙評量表

本量表是鄭麗月(2001) 依據 Epstein 和 Cullinan (1998)的「Scale for Assessing Emotional Disturbance」修訂而成的情緒障礙中文版評量表,由 台灣心理出版社出版。本量表可協助研究者瞭解有情緒和行為障礙的青少 年現況,以評量學生是否有負面情緒困擾。量表的題目評量方式採用 Likert 類型六點量尺並以反向題方式呈現,分數越高代表該受試者的負面情緒困 擾越嚴重;分數越低,表示該受試者的負面情緒困擾程度不高。 (二) 青少年社會行為評量表 本量表是洪儷瑜(2000)依據 Martens (1988)和 Elliot (1993)等學者的理 論架構所編製的中文版評量表,由台灣心理出版社出版。本量表可協助研 究者利用多元評量的方式診斷青少年社會適應問題,由不適應行為問題之 焦點,擴大注意到適應衍為的缺陷問題,以期調整學校對青少年社會適應 問題之介入策略,以供社會技巧訓練課程之訓練前、後表現的評量。 (三) 極限運動課程訓練的滿意度問卷 (四) 歷程觀察紀錄表 (五) 研究者日誌 (六) 個別成員訪談紀錄 (七) 重要他人觀察訪談紀錄 六、資料處理與分析 本研究擬以量化分析與質化分析來對收集到的資料進行處理與分析。 (一) 量化分析部份 1. 以次數分配表呈現受試者的人口統計變項及在實驗前、中、後出現各 種偏差行為的次數。 2. 以描述性統計呈現各組受試者的量表前、後測、活動滿意之平均數與 標準差,以瞭解研究問題一。

3. 以獨立樣本單因子變異數分析(One-way ANOVA with Independent Samples)考驗研究問題三。

4. 以獨立樣本單因子多變項共變數分析(One-way MANCOVA with Independent Samples),以受試者量表前測分數為共變量(covariate)考驗 研究問題四。

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陳皆榮 (1998)。冒險性活動對於青少年人格影響之初探研究。體育學報,25, 61-70 頁。 陳皆榮 (2000)。冒險性挑戰活動對青少年自我概念與自我實現的影響之研究。 台北:立昌。 陳婉容 (2002)。青少年休閒行為對偏差行為影響之研究。國立體育學院體育研 究所碩士論文。 張文耀 (2001)。突破休閒冒險性活動對身心障礙學生提升自尊心之研究。國立 台灣體育學院體育研究所碩士論文。 曾幼涵(2001)。解析青少年犯罪的高峰之現象:「低自我控制」與「成熟代溝」 之再議。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。未出版,台北。 曾育貞(2002)。刺激尋求動機、青少年自我中心與偏差行為之相關研究-以台 南地區為例。國立成功大學教育研究所碩士論文。

楊語芸 (譯)(1997)。社會心理學。台北市:五南。(Deaux, Dane, & Wrightsman: Social psychology in the ‘90s)

楊國樞 (1991)。少年問題與少年福利法制之研究。臺北:行政院經濟建設委員 會健全經社法規工作小組。 鄭麗月(2001)。情緒障礙量表。台北市:心理出版社。 羅元駿 (2003)。以體驗學習為本之戶外教育活動對個人生活效能的影響與影響 因素之研究。國立體育學院體育研究所碩士論文。 二、英文部分

Chen, M. Y., & Park, S. B. (2004, November). A study of market segmentation among adolescent consumers of X-treme Games. Paper presented at the 10th Annual Sport Management Association of Australia & New Zealand Annual Conference (SMAANZ), Melbourne, Australia.

Greene, K., Rubin, D.L., Hale,J.L., & Walter, L.H.(1996). The utility of

understanding adolescent egocentrism in designing health promotion message. Health Communcation, 8(2), 131-152.

Merriam, S. B. (2001). Qualitative research and case study applications in Education: Revised and expanded from case study research in Education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Shantz, C. U. & Hartup, W. W. (Eds.).(1992).Conflict in child and adolescent development. New York:Cambridge University Press.

Strongman, K. T.(1996).The psychology of emotion: theories of emotion in perspective(4th ed.). New York:Wiley.

Wheaton, B. (2004). Understanding Lifestyle Sports: Consumption, Identity, and Difference. New York: Routledge.

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