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9.2 Direction filed and Euler’s method 3. (III)

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9.2 Direction filed and Euler’s method

3. (III),易得

𝑦 = 2 + 𝐶𝑒−𝑥

6. 代入𝑥 = 𝑘𝜋,可知𝑦 = 0,因此斜率會有週期性地變為0 又當𝑥任意,而𝑦 = 𝜋時斜率亦為0,從而選(II)。

12. 透過描點法得到許多點的斜率,直接的解法為 𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑥− 𝑥𝑦 = −𝑥2 兩邊同乘e−x

𝑒−𝑥𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑥− 𝑒−𝑥𝑥𝑦 = −𝑥2𝑒−𝑥 因此

𝑑

𝑑𝑥(𝑒−𝑥𝑦) = −𝑥2𝑒−𝑥 兩邊積分可得

𝑒−𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥2𝑒−𝑥+ 2𝑥𝑒−𝑥+ 2𝑒−𝑥+ 𝐶, 其中𝐶為常數 故

𝑦 = 𝑥2+ 2𝑥 + 2 + 𝐶𝑒𝑥

18. 由圖,猜測只是個單純的多項式,猜測為𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑦4− 5𝑦2+ 4,從而 ( 1

𝑦2− 4− 1

𝑦2− 1) 𝑑𝑦 = 3𝑑𝑥 即

( 1

𝑦 − 2− 1

𝑦 + 2− 2

𝑦 − 1+ 2

𝑦 + 1) 𝑑𝑦 = 12𝑑𝑥 因此可解得

ln|𝑦 − 2| − ln|𝑦 + 2| − 2 ln|𝑦 − 1| + 2 ln|𝑦 + 1| = 12𝑥 + 𝑐 即

ln |(𝑦 − 2)(𝑦 + 1)2

(𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 − 1)2| = 12𝑥 + 𝑐 即

(𝑦 − 2)(𝑦 + 1)2

(𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 − 1)2 = 𝐶𝑒12𝑥

若𝑥 → 0,則分𝐶的情況可解得𝑦可能趨近的值,或不存在。

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