髂前上棘定位量測

(1)

୯ҥᆵ᡼εᏢπᏢଣᐒఓπำᏢࣴز܌

ᅺγፕЎ

Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering

National Taiwan University Master Thesis

㋅߻΢඿ۓՏໆෳ

Anterior superior iliac spine positioning measurements

ߋϟѳ

Chiu, Chieh-Ping

ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻൂࣿԋ റγ

Advisor: Shin, Chow-Shing, Ph.D.

ύ๮҇୯ 102 ԃ 7 Д

July, 2013

(2)

(3)

ᇞ ᇞᖴ

ᅺγғࢲٿԃ०ೳǴനӃाགᖴޑ൩ࢂൂࣿԋԴৣǴٿԃ໔ନΑޕ᛽ޑቚߏ ѦǴᏢډ׳ӭޑࢂှ،ୢᚒޑБݤǴ೭ΨࢂൂԴৣ׆ఈךॺૈᏢډޑǴ؂྽ࣴز

΢ၶډ֚ᜤਔǴൂԴৣᕴૈ๏ϒך೚ӭԖҔޑࡌ᝼ǴջߡࢂࣴزаѦޑғࢲǴൂ

ԴৣΨ཮๏ϒᜢЈǴӢԜߚதགᖴൂԴৣٿԃٰޑ௲ᏤǹགᖴယࡌЎᙴৣǴ๏ϒ ךᖏ׉΢ޑ஑཰ບᘐ࿶ᡍǴჹךࣴز΢Ԗವεޑᔅշǹགᖴ݅ד॔ԴৣǴ๏ϒך

ࣴز΢ޑࡌقǴᡣךޑࣴزֹԋࡋ׳ଯǹགᖴֆЎБԴৣǴ๏ϒך೚ӭيࣁ߻፸ ޑࡌ᝼Ƕ

གᖴךޑৎΓᆶζܻ϶Ǵӧךޑ؃ᏢғఱύǴдॺ๏ϒךคدޑЍ࡭Ǵᡣך ёаคࡕ៝ϐኁޑֹԋᏢ཰Ƕௗ๱གᖴჴᡍ࠻ޑࣴزӕϘǴӧךၶډࣴز֚ᜤਔǴ

๏ϒך೚ӭࣴزޑࡌقᆶᏢಞ΢ᔅշǴᆶВதғࢲ΢ޑྣᔈǴޚܲᏢߏǵߪֻᏢ ߏᆶ௴ྷᏢߏ׳ࢂϩ٦Α೚ӭғࢲ࿶ᡍᆶ଺Γၰ౛ǴᆒறΑך೭ٿԃޑࣴزғࢲǴ ٠ჹך۳ࡕޑΓғԖವεޑշ੻Ƕനࡕགᖴךޑܻ϶ॺǴӧךၶډ֚ᜤ܈Ј௃ե ပਔǴᔅךуݨѺ਻ǴഉךࡋၸեዊǶ

གᖴᔅշၸךޑ؂΋ঁΓǴᡣךளډ೭ٿԃᝊ຦ޑᏢಞ࿶ᡍǶ

(4)

ᄔ ᄔा

ߏอဌёаჄϩࣁ่ᄬ܄ߏอဌᆶфૈ܄ߏอဌǴځύфૈ܄ߏอဌޑໆෳ

Бݤ΋૓ࣁԾ㋅߻΢඿ໆԿဌѦ፭ǴղᘐЬा᎞ΓπໆෳǴځБݤࣁа᝻ᄗޑБ ԄۓՏр㋅߻΢඿(Anterior superior iliac spine)ᆶဌѦ፭ޑനсᗺǴӆճҔҜЁໆෳ

ٿᗺޑຯᚆǴջࣁᇡۓϐဌߏǴԜБݤ৒ܰӢΓࣁղᘐৡ౦Ꮴठόӕϐໆෳ่݀Ƕ Ҟ߻ၨྗዴϐໆෳБݤԖ X ӀǵCTǵ3D USǵMRIǴՠࢂ೭٤БݤԖᒟ৔Ӓ্܈

ࢂሽ਱ܳ຦฻લᗺǴҁࣴزϐҞޑࢂा໒ݤ΋঺༹ሽǴคᒟ৔Ӓ্ޑᐒఓϯໆෳ

း࿼Ǵଞჹфૈ܄ߏอဌޑໆෳύǴճҔᐒఓБԄۓՏр㋅߻΢඿ǶԜໆෳس಍

ϩࣁໆෳး࿼ᆶ LabVIEW ำԄٿ೽ϩǶໆෳး࿼ࢂճҔߕуໆෳ௖ᓐޑ಻ख़ϡᆶ Տ౽ीǴ࿶җ DAQ ᘏڗᏔ׬ڗໆෳᡏޑ೬ಔᙃ܈ମᓐಔᙃޑኧᏵǴӆҔ LabVIEW ำԄϩ݋ໆෳᗺӧόӕڙΚΠޑখ܄ᡂϯ౗ᆶ Z ື๊ჹՏ࿼Ǵளр΋ঁᕴ่ၲډ ۓՏ ASIS ԜҞޑǶӵՖவໆෳኧᏵύϩ݋рԖਏޑ่݀ǴࣁԜჴᡍനεޑࡷᏯǴ ࣁှ،ԜୢᚒǴஒჹ؂΋ঁໆෳᗺख़ፄ଺ 10 ԛໆෳǴ٠ճҔϖᅿڗኬБԄٰפ൨

፾ӝޑж߄ኬҁǴБݤϩձࣁ: (1)10 ಔኧᏵӕਔ൪ӝ 1 చБำԄ(2)10 ಔኧᏵϩձ ൪ӝ 1 చБำԄӆѳ֡р 1 చѳ֡БำԄ(3)வ 10 ಔኧᏵᒿᐒܜڗ 1 ಔኧᏵ൪ӝ 1 చБำԄ(4)ڗಃ 1 ಔኧᏵ൪ӝ 1 చБำԄ(5) ڗಃ 2 ಔኧᏵ൪ӝ 1 చБำԄǶаԜ όӕޑڗኬӧόӕޑڙΚ୔ࢤΠ଺ӭБ჋၂ޑᆕӝϩ݋ǶࣴزύᕴӅໆෳ 6 ঁໆ

ෳᡏǴBMI ϟܭ 20 kg/m²ɴ28.2 kg/m²ǴҞ߻᏾ᡏໆෳ㋅߻΢඿ޑۓՏ่݀ᆶΓπ ۓՏϐനεᇤৡࣁ 5 mmǶ

ᜢᗖӷ:ߏอဌǵ಻ख़ϡǵՏ౽ीǵখ܄ᡂϯ౗ǵZ ື๊ჹՏ࿼

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ABSTRACT

Leg length discrepancy(LLD) can be classified into two categories. One is structural leg length discrepancy and the other is functional leg length discrepancy. The functional leg length discrepancy measurement method relies on manual measurements. The different measurement results would happen by human judgment. At present, more accurate methods of measuring are X-rayǵ CTǵ 3D USǵ MRI, but these methods are expensive radiation hazards and the other disadvantages .So we want to develop a mechanized measurement device which avoid s radiation dangerous and high prices in this study so that we can position anterior superior iliac spine(ASIS) which is reference point in functional leg length discrepancy measurement. The gauging system includes two parts: gauging devices and LabVIEW. The gauging devices includ a load cell with probe and a displacement meter, crawled body muscle or bone tissue data by DAQ devices. Use different sampling analysis the situation that under a different force change how the rigidity change and Z axis absolute position response by LabVIEW program.

With this result we can make a summary to locate the ASIS. How to analyze valid result in measured data is the biggest challenge for this experiment .In order to solve this problem, Each measurement point will repeat 10 times of measurements and using five ways to find suitable representative sample, methods below: (1) 10 sets of data simultaneously fitting an equation (2) 10 sets of data respectively fitting an equation and averaged an mean equation (3) randomly selected a set of data from the 10 sets of data and fitting an equation (4) selected the first set of data fitting an equation (5) select second sets of data fitting an equation. So that we can make comprehensive analysis by different sampling. In this study, we have six measuring body, BMI is between 20 kg/m²~ 28.2 kg/m², the current overall measurement of the anterior superior iliac spine positioning results compared to manual positioning maximum error is 5 mm.

Key Word: LLD, load cell, displacement meter, rigidity change, Z axis absolute position

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Ҟ Ҟᒵ

α၂ہ঩཮ቩۓਜ ...i

ᇞᖴ ... ii

ᄔा ... iii

ABSTRACT ...iv

Ҟᒵ ...v

კҞᒵ ...ix

߄Ҟᒵ ...xiv

ಃ 1 ക Ꮴፕ...1

1.1 ߻ق ...1

1.2 ࣴز୏ᐒ ...1

1.3 ፕЎࢎᄬ ...2

ಃ 2 ക Ў᝘ӣ៝...3

2.1 ߏอဌໆෳБݤᆶচ౛ᙁϟ ...3

2.1.1 XӀТǵCT(computed tomography)೷ቹ ...3

2.1.2 3D US(ultrasonography)೷ቹ ...3

2.1.3 MRI(Magnetic resonance imaging)೷ቹ...3

2.1.4 ᖏ׉ໆෳБݤ(Clinical methods) ...4

2.2 ମࣧᙁϟ ...4

2.2.1 ମࣧ୷ҁᄬ೷Ϸфૈ ...4

2.2.2 ۓက ASIS(Anterior superior iliac spine)ӧମࣧޑՏ࿼ ...4

2.3 ΓᡏಔᙃޑΚᏢ܄፦ ...4

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ಃ

ಃ 3 ക ໆෳး࿼ᆶϩ݋೛ഢ...8

3.1 ໆෳး࿼ ...8

3.1.1 ಻ख़ϡ(Load cell) ...8

3.1.2 Տ౽ी(LVDT)...8

3.1.3 ՛ܺଭၲϷ០୏Ꮤ ...8

3.1.4 ᖥఎ០୏ѳѠ ...9

3.1.5 ೸ܴᓸլΚ݈ ...9

3.2 ኧᏵᘏڗϩ݋೛ഢ ...9

3.2.1 DAQᘏڗᏔ ...9

3.2.2 ૻဦܫεᏔ ...9

3.2.3 LabVIEWϩ݋೬ᡏำԄ ...9

3.3 ০኱ືޑۓက ...9

ಃ 4 ക ჴᡍচ౛ᆶБݤ...15

4.1 س಍ё᎞ࡋϐዴҥ ...15

4.1.1 ቸᘽޑᒧ᏷ ...15

4.1.2 ໆڀ೛ी ...15

4.1.3 ໆෳǵϩ݋Бݤ ...15

4.2 ೬ಔᙃϐໆෳ ...16

4.2.1 ೬ಔᙃ೽Տޑᒧ᏷ ...16

4.2.2 ໆڀ೛ी ...16

4.2.3 ໆෳǵϩ݋Бݤ ...16

4.3 ASIS Anterior superior iliac spine(ASIS)ϐໆෳ...16

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4.3.1 ASISϐϐໆෳ೽Տޑ،ۓ ...17

4.3.2 ໆෳБݤ ...17

4.3.3 ڗኬᆶϩ݋БԄ ...17

ಃ 5 ക ჴᡍ่݀ᆶ૸ፕ...24

5.1 ቸᘽໆෳ ...24

5.1.1 ൂԛуǵڕၩϐӆ౜܄ ...24

5.1.2 10ԛуڕၩϐӆ౜܄ ...24

5.1.3 ٬Ҕ Labvie w ำԄ຾ՉኧᏵϩ݋ ...24

5.1.4 ໆෳᇤৡϐ૸ፕ ...24

5.1.5 ໆෳྗዴࡋϐ૸ፕ ...25

5.2 ໆෳ೬ಔᙃ ...25

5.2.1 ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃ ...26

5.2.2 ЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃ ...27

5.2.3 غҜ೬ಔᙃ ...27

5.3 س಍ໆෳ೬ಔᙃϐ૸ፕ ...28

5.3.1 ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃϐ૸ፕ ...28

5.3.2 ЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃϐ૸ፕ ...29

5.3.3 غҜ೬ಔᙃϐ૸ፕ ...29

5.3.4 ԼԺ೬ಔᙃᕴ૸ፕ ...29

5.4 Anterior superior iliac spine(ASIS)ϐۓՏϩ݋่݀ ...30

5.4.1 ໆෳᡏ 1 ဦ ...30

5.4.2 ໆෳᡏ 2 ဦ ...31

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5.4.3 ໆໆෳᡏ 3 ဦ ...31

5.4.4 ໆෳᡏ 4 ဦ ...32

5.4.5 ໆෳᡏ 5 ဦ ...32

5.4.6 ໆෳᡏ 6 ဦ ...33

5.5 ASISۓՏϩ݋ᆕӝ૸ፕ...33

5.5.1 ໆෳᡏ 1 ဦໆෳ่݀૸ፕ ...33

5.5.2 ໆෳᡏ 2 ဦໆෳ่݀૸ፕ ...34

5.5.3 ໆෳᡏ 3 ဦໆෳ่݀૸ፕ ...34

5.5.4 ໆෳᡏ 4 ဦໆෳ่݀૸ፕ ...35

5.5.5 ໆෳᡏ 5 ဦໆෳ่݀૸ፕ ...35

5.5.6 ໆෳᡏ 6 ဦໆෳ่݀૸ፕ ...36

5.5.7 ASISϩ݋Бݤᘜય ...36

ಃ 6 ക ่ፕᆶ҂ٰ৖ఈ...79

6.1 খ܄ᡂϯ౗ϩ݋่ፕ ...79

6.2 Zື๊ჹՏ࿼ϩ݋่ፕ ...79

6.3 ASISۓՏБݤ่ፕ...79

6.4 ҂ٰ৖ఈ ...80

6.4.1 ሺᏔޑׯ຾ ...80

6.4.2 ໆෳว৖ޑҞ኱ ...80

ୖԵЎ᝘ ...81

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კ

კҞᒵ

კ 2-1 X-ray ೷ቹǴკ 2-2 ຬॣݢቹႽ ...5

კ 2-3 MRI ೷ቹ ...5

კ 2-4 ໔ௗໆෳݤ(Indirect method) ...6

კ 2-5 ޔௗໆෳݤ(Direct method) ...6

კ 2-6 ମࣧᆶ ASIS Տ࿼Ңཀკ ...7

კ 2-7 ᗹቸ܄׷਑ޑᔈΚᔈᡂᜢ߯კ...7

კ 3-1 ໆෳ౽୏ѳѠ...10

კ 3-2 ಻ख़ϡ...10

კ 3-3 Տ౽ी...11

კ 3-4 ՛ܺଭၲ...11

კ 3-5 ᖥఎ០୏ѳѠ...12

კ 3-6 ೸ܴᓸլΚ݈...12

კ 3-7 NI, 6009DAQ ᘏڗᏔ ...13

კ 3-8 NI, PCI-MIO-16E-4 ϟय़ь ...13

კ 3-9 SCXI-1000 ޑᐒጃǴ΋༧ SCXI-1520 ޑ௦໣ьǴ΋༧ SCXI-1314 ޑௗጕ౯ಔ ӝԶԋ ...14

კ 4-1 ໆෳس಍ᓉЗკ...19

კ 4-2 س಍߈ྣǴܴᡉё࣮ډቸᘽᆶ໳ՅᓸլΚѳ݈ᆶ೸ܴᓸլΚॉၰࣣคௗ᝻19 კ 4-3 س಍ໆෳ຾Չύޑკ...20

კ 4-4 ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃ(Ѱ΢)ǴЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃ(ѓ)ǴغҜ೬ಔᙃ (ѰΠ) ...20

კ 4-5 ೸ܴᓸլΚࢎ९ຎკ...21

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კ 4-6 ೸ܴᓸլΚࢎ҅ຎკ...21

კ 4-7 ᖥํڰۓ೸ܴᓸլΚࢎ...22

კ 4-8 Anterior superior iliac spine(AISI)ϐՏ࿼კ ...22

კ 4-9 ӧటໆෳ೽Տ଺ 5X5 Бତ૶ဦ٠ጓဦǴໆෳᗺၟᗺ໔ຯࣣࣁ 5 mm...23

კ 5-1 ௖ᓐჹቸᘽ଺ൂԛໆෳவ߃ۈރᄊ࿶ᐕуǵڕၩය໔ϐڙΚՏ౽ᜢ߯კǶ Ѱ΢კж߄಻ख़ϡӧ߃ۈރᄊΠኧᏵޑၢ୏ጄൎࣁ±0.0075 NǶѓΠკ ж߄಻ख़ϡவуၩԿڕၩޑރᄊΠ X ືୃ౽ 0.1 mm ...38

კ 5-2 ௖ᓐჹቸᘽ଺ 10 ԛໆෳځуၩ(0 Nɴ5 N)ය໔ϐڙΚՏ౽ᜢ߯კǶѰ΢კ ж߄಻ख़ϡӧ߃ۈރᄊΠኧᏵޑၢ୏ጄൎࣁ±0.01 NǶѓΠკж߄಻ख़ ϡ 10 ԛໆෳ໔ X ືୃ౽ 0.15 mm ...38

კ 5-3 10 చ൪ӝБำԄӧ࣬ӕڙΚΠჹᔈόӕޑՏ࿼Ңཀკ(ѝ߄Ңрځύٿঁڙ Κ) ...39

კ 5-4 Տ౽ी߃ۈރᄊΠϐᓎ᛼კ...39

კ 5-5 ಻ख़ϡ߃ۈރᄊΠϐᓎ᛼კ...40

კ 5-6 ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃೱុ 10 ԛໆෳவуǵڕၩϐڙΚՏ౽ᜢ߯კǶѰ΢კࣁ 10 ԛໆෳளډޑуၩ(0 Nɴ5 N)ڙΚՏ౽ᜢ߯კ...40

კ 5-7 ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃύ 2 ಔ 0.1 Nɴ5 N ୔ࢤচኧᏵᆶ࣬ᔈޑ൪ӝБำԄǴ2 ಔኧᏵ ໔Ӣ೬ಔᙃޑᗹቸ܄ǴԖ۳ѓୃ౽ޑᖿ༈Ǵୃ౽ໆࣁ 0.7 mmǶѰ΢კ ࣁځύ 1 ಔচኧᏵᗺᆶځ൪ӝБำԄӧଆۈᆄѨ੿ޑܫεკ ...41

კ 5-8 ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃ 10 చ൪ӝ 2 ԛБำԄӧ੝ۓڙΚΠՏ࿼ޑϩѲҢཀკ...41

კ 5-9 ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃ 10 ಔ൪ӝ 2 ԛБำԄϐ 1 ԛ༾ϩკǴY ືࣁখ܄ ...42 კ 5-10 ЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃೱុ 10 ԛໆෳவуǵڕၩϐڙΚՏ౽ᜢ߯კǶѰ΢კࣁ

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10ԛໆෳளډޑуၩ(0 Nɴ5 N)ڙΚՏ౽ᜢ߯კ...42

კ 5-11 ЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃύ 2 ಔ 0.1 Nɴ5 N ୔ࢤচኧᏵᆶ࣬ᔈޑ൪ӝБำԄǴ2 ಔኧᏵ໔Ӣ೬ಔᙃޑᗹቸ܄ǴԖ۳ѓୃ౽ޑᖿ༈Ǵୃ౽ໆࣁ 0.75 mmǶ Ѱ΢კࣁځύ 1 ಔচኧᏵᗺᆶځ൪ӝБำԄӧଆۈᆄѨ੿ޑܫεკ ..43

კ 5-12 ЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃ 10 చ൪ӝ 2 ԛБำԄӧ੝ۓڙΚΠՏ࿼ޑϩѲҢཀკ43 კ 5-13 ЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃ 10 ಔ൪ӝ 2 ԛБำԄϐ 1 ԛ༾ϩკǴY ືࣁখ܄ ...44

კ 5-14 غҜ೬ಔᙃೱុ 10 ԛໆෳவуǵڕၩϐڙΚՏ౽ᜢ߯კǶѰ΢კࣁ 10 ԛ ໆෳளډޑуၩ(0 Nɴ5 N)ڙΚՏ౽ᜢ߯კ...44

კ 5-15 غҜ೬ಔᙃύ 2 ಔ 0.1 Nɴ5 N ୔ࢤচኧᏵᆶ࣬ᔈޑ൪ӝБำԄǴ2 ಔኧᏵ ໔ޑୃ౽ໆᖿ߈ܭ 0 mmǶѰ΢კࣁځύ 1 ಔচኧᏵᗺᆶځ൪ӝБำԄ ӧଆۈᆄܫεკ ...45

კ 5-16 غҜ೬ಔᙃ 10 చ൪ӝ 2 ԛБำԄӧ੝ۓڙΚΠՏ࿼ޑϩѲҢཀკ...45

კ 5-17 غҜ೬ಔᙃ 10 ಔ൪ӝ 2 ԛБำԄϐ 1 ԛ༾ϩკǴY ືࣁখ܄ ...46

კ 5-18 ᡏᄊύ฻ޑໆෳᡏ 5X5 Бତ૶ဦ ...47

კ 5-19 ᡏᄊୃऔޑໆෳᡏ 5X5 Бତ૶ဦ ...48

კ 5-20 ໆෳᡏ 1 ဦӧ 0.1 Nɴ1 N ڙΚ୔ࢤаখ܄࣬ჹᡂϯ౗ࣁ Z ືฝკ...49

კ 5-21 ໆෳᡏ 1 ဦӧ 1 Nɴ2 N ڙΚ୔ࢤаখ܄࣬ჹᡂϯ౗ࣁ Z ືฝკ...50

კ 5-22 ໆෳᡏ 1 ဦӧڙΚ 0.2 N ਔǴа௖ᓐ Z ືޑ๊ჹՏ࿼ࣁკ׎ޑ Z ືԶฝр ޑԼԺ߄ቫ೬ಔᙃѦᄂ 3D Ԕय़კ ...51

კ 5-23 ໆෳᡏ 1 ဦӧڙΚ 4 N ਔǴа௖ᓐ Z ືޑ๊ჹՏ࿼ࣁკ׎ޑ Z ືԶฝрޑ ASISڬൎମᓐѦᄂ 3D Ԕय़კ ...52

კ 5-24 ໆෳᡏ 2 ဦӧ 0.1 Nɴ1 N ڙΚ୔ࢤаখ܄࣬ჹᡂϯ౗ࣁ Z ືฝკ...53

(13)

კ 5-25 ໆෳᡏ 2 ဦӧ 1 Nɴ2 N ڙΚ୔ࢤаখ܄࣬ჹᡂϯ౗ࣁ Z ືฝკ...54 კ 5-26 ໆෳᡏ 2 ဦӧڙΚ 0.2 N ਔǴа௖ᓐ Z ືޑ๊ჹՏ࿼ࣁკ׎ޑ Z ືԶฝр

ޑԼԺ߄ቫ೬ಔᙃѦᄂ 3D Ԕय़კ ...55 კ 5-27 ໆෳᡏ 2 ဦӧڙΚ 4 N ਔǴа௖ᓐ Z ືޑ๊ჹՏ࿼ࣁკ׎ޑ Z ືԶฝрޑ

ASISڬൎମᓐѦᄂ 3D Ԕय़კ ...56 კ 5-28 ໆෳᡏ 3 ဦӧ 0.1 Nɴ1 N ڙΚ୔ࢤаখ܄࣬ჹᡂϯ౗ࣁ Z ືฝკ...57 კ 5-29 ໆෳᡏ 3 ဦӧ 1 Nɴ2 N ڙΚ୔ࢤаখ܄࣬ჹᡂϯ౗ࣁ Z ືฝკ...58 კ 5-30 ໆෳᡏ 3 ဦӧڙΚ 0.2 N ਔǴа௖ᓐ Z ືޑ๊ჹՏ࿼ࣁკ׎ޑ Z ືԶฝр

(14)

ASISڬൎମᓐѦᄂ 3D Ԕय़კ ...72

(15)

߄ ߄Ҟᒵ

߄ 5–1 ቸᘽ 10 ಔচኧᏵኬҁӚԾޑ൪ӝБำԄǵ࣬ᔈޑ࣬ᜢ܄(r²)ᆶ K ॶ኱ྗ

ৡ………..….73 ߄ 5–2 ቸᘽӧ࣬ӕ੝ۓڙΚΠՏ࿼ޑѳ֡ॶᆶ኱ྗৡ……….…..…..73 ߄ 5–3 ߻ЋᖉԼԺಔᙃ 10 ಔচኧᏵኬҁӚԾޑ൪ӝБำԄᆶ࣬ᔈޑ࣬ᜢ܄

(r²)………...74 ߄ 5–4 ߻ Ћᖉ ԼԺ ಔ ᙃ 10 ಔ ኧᏵ ӧ࣬ ӕ ੝ۓ ڙ ΚΠ Տ࿼ ޑ ѳ֡ ॶ ᆶ኱ ྗ ৡ………...74 ߄ 5–5 ЋᖉΒᓐԼಔᙃ 10 ಔচኧᏵኬҁӚԾޑ൪ӝБำԄᆶ࣬ᔈޑ࣬ᜢ܄

(r²)………..75 ߄ 5–6 Ћ ᖉΒ ᓐԼ ಔ ᙃ 10 ಔ ኧᏵ ӧ࣬ ӕ ੝ۓ ڙ ΚΠ Տ࿼ ޑ ѳ֡ ॶ ᆶ኱ ྗ ৡ...75 ߄ 5–7 غ Ҝ ಔ ᙃ 10 ಔ চ ኧ Ᏽ ኬ ҁ Ӛ Ծ ޑ ൪ ӝ Б ำ Ԅ ᆶ ࣬ ᔈ ޑ ࣬ ᜢ ܄

(r²)………..76 ߄ 5–8 غ Ҝ ಔ ᙃ 10 ಔ ኧ Ᏽ ӧ ࣬ ӕ ੝ ۓ ڙ Κ Π Տ ࿼ ޑ ѳ ֡ ॶ ᆶ ኱ ྗ ৡ………..….76 ߄ 5- 9 ߻ЋᖉಔᙃǵЋᖉΒᓐԼಔᙃǵغҜಔᙃ൪ӝ 2 ԛБำԄϐ 1 ԛ༾ϩ………77 ߄ 5- 10 ໆෳᡏޑԃសǵ܄ձǵBMI………..…..……..78

(16)

ಃ

ಃ 1 കġ Ꮴፕ

1.1 ߻ق

؂ঁΓޑᚈဌǴځჴ೿όֹӄ฻ߏǴӢ೷ԋޑচӢόӕǴΞёϩࣁ่ᄬ܄ߏ อဌᆶфૈ܄ߏอဌٿεᜪǶ

่ᄬ܄ߏอဌ:ᙁൂޑᇥ൩ࢂ੿҅ޑΠަό฻ߏǶӃϺ΢೷ԋޑচӢԖӢԋߏਔǴ ΠަԖόჹᆀޑғߏ౜ຝ(྽ᚈဌߏࡋৡ౦ၲ 2 cm а΢ջёᇡۓࣁ

஻Ԗߏอဌ[ 1])ǹࡕϺ΢೷ԋচӢԖӢλᆲମ܈εᆲମමӢମש܈

ځдӢનڙ໾Ǵᘰӝࡕମᓐߏࡋ෧ϿǶ

фૈ܄ߏอဌ:ԜᅿߏอဌࢂѦᢀ΢࣮ଆٰᆲߏό฻ߏǶ೷ԋޑচӢԖ:(1)ᖊ೽ǵဈ

෎کମࣧڬൎԼԺ܎ΚόѳᑽǴ೷ԋମࣧ໼௹ǴᏤठߏอဌ(2)ᢇ೽

ڬൎԼԺ٬ளިମᓐၸࡋ߻໼܈ࡕ໼(3)όჹᆀى೽ୢᚒ[ 2]Ƕߏอ ဌ཮೷ԋ೚ӭੰੱǴፏӵૉ෎ୁ៻Ǵମࣧ໼௹Ǵဈለङภ฻฻ǴӢ ԜӵՖԖਏޑᕖ҅ᆶݯᕍǴ൩ԋࣁ΋ঁॶளᜢݙޑፐᚒǶ

1.2 ࣴز୏ᐒ

౜ϞӧໆෳဌߏޑБݤεठ΢ԖቹႽໆෳᆶΓπໆෳٿεᜪǴаΠัࣁϟಏ ٿᜪໆෳБݤޑৡ౦ᆶᓬલᗺǶ

ቹႽໆෳ:

่ ᄬ ܄ ߏ อ ဌ ᆶ ф ૈ ܄ ߏ อ ဌ ࣣ ፾ Ҕ Б ݤ Ԗ :(1) ܡ ឪ X Ӏ Т (2)CT(3)3D US(4)MRI[ 3]Ƕځύܡឪ X ӀТٰෳໆղᘐǴԜБݤᗨฅёа۸ჴև౜ମᓐޑ ѳय़Տ࿼ᆶߏࡋǴՠځև౜ޑБԄࣁ 2DǴคݤջਔКၨ 3 ᆢମᓐ໼௹ޑفࡋރ ݩǶќ΋Бय़ǴX Ӏࢂ΋ᅿଯૈໆޑᙴᕍᏔ׷Ǵόёᓎᕷ٬ҔǴց߾ёૈᇨว ಒझੰᡂ฻฻Ǵ೷ԋΓᡏޑӒ্ǹ٠Ъ΢ॊޑѤᅿБݤǴځໆෳ೛ഢ຤Ҕܳ຦Ǵ ᔠࢗ຤ҔၨଯǶ

Γπໆෳ:

ၨ፾ӝҔܭໆෳфૈ܄ߏอဌБݤԖ:(1)໔ௗໆෳݤ(2)ޔௗໆෳݤǶ໔ௗໆෳݤ ڗ،ܭᙴৣЬᢀϐᇡۓǴޔௗໆෳݤ߾һᒘᙴৣϐ᝻ບǴՠ᝻ບΨࢂ΋ᅿЬᢀ ޑᇡۓǴόӕՏᙴৣჹӕ΋ੰ஻Ǵځ᝻ບޑ่݀Ψόᅰ࣬ӕǴջߡࢂӕ΋Տᙴ

ৣǴ؂ԛޑບᕍǴΨ཮Ԗ܌ᇤৡǴ೭ჹߏයଓᙫݯᕍǴࢂ΋εߔᛖǶ

(17)

๊εӭኧߏอဌ஻ޣǴࢂឦܭфૈ܄ߏอဌǴځύໆෳфૈ܄ߏอဌޑޔௗ

ໆෳݤǴനख़ाޑ൩ࢂۓՏрମࣧ΢ޑ΋ঁୖԵᗺǴࣁ㋅߻΢඿(Anterior superior iliac spine)ǴӢԜӵՖڋۓ΋ঁค্Ξ࠼ᢀޑۓՏ౛ፕǴߡԋࣁԜԛࣴزϐ२ाҞ

኱Ƕ

1.3 ፕ ፕЎࢎᄬ

ಃ΋കǵġ Ꮴፕ

ଞჹҁፕЎࣴزङඳǵ୏ᐒаϷБݤ଺ཷౣޑϟಏǶ

ಃΒകǵġ Ў᝘ӣ៝

၁ᅰϟಏ౜ԖޑໆෳۓՏБݤǴᆶځӚԾޑᓬલᗺǶ

ಃΟകǵġ ჴᡍሺᏔᆶ೛ഢ

ϟಏҁፕЎύ܌٬ҔډޑሺᏔᆶ೛ഢǶ

ಃѤകǵġ ჴᡍচ౛ᆶБݤ

хࡴໆෳس಍׬ڗኧᏵޑБݤǹᡍ᛾ໆෳس಍ё᎞ࡋޑБݤǹڗள೬ಔᙃ ኧᏵޑᒧ᏷ᆶБݤǹASIS ໆෳޑѐኬᆶϩ݋БݤǶ

ಃϖകǵġ ჴᡍ่݀ᆶ૸ፕ

ϩ݋ჴᡍ܌ளϐኧᏵǴჹჴᡍ่݀ගрှញǶ

ಃϤകǵġ ่ፕᆶ҂ٰ৖ఈ

᏾౛ჴᡍ܌ளޑ่݀Ǵ٠ගр҂ٰёׯ຾ϐೀаϷёаుΕ௖૸ϐБӛǶ

(18)

ಃ

ಃ 2 കġ Ў᝘ӣ៝

2.1 ߏอဌໆෳБݤᆶচ౛ᙁϟ

2.1.1 X ӀТǵCT(computed tomography)೷ቹ

XӀТᆶ CT ೷ቹࣣሡ٬Ҕ X-rayǴҗܭ X-ray ޑऀ೸܄மǴᙴᏢ΢ճҔΓᡏ ମᓝᆶ೬ಔᙃޑஏࡋৡ౦Ǵ೷ԋుభό΋ޑቹႽǴॷԜ೸ຎΓᡏޑϣ೽Ꮤ۔ǴϷ ҔܭບᘐΓᡏମᓝՏ࿼ӵკ 2-1Ƕᗨฅ X Ӏ೷ቹࢂޔᢀΞදၹޑᔠࢗמೌǴՠࢂܡ ឪ X Ӏӧόӕޑܡឪ࠮༈ǵᚼӀຯᚆޑόӕǵ᠄ቹ฻฻ӢનΨ཮ӢԶԖѨ੿ޑບ ᘐ[ 4]Ƕќ΋Бय़ǴԜᅿଯૈໆޑ৔ጕ཮ᇸ༾ཞᚯΓᡏಒझǴঃऩྣ৔ၸໆ X ӀǴ

߾཮೷ԋಔᙃઇᚯǴቹៜғ౛ᐒૈǴࣗԿЇଆғڮӒᓀǶ

2.1.2 3D US(ultrasonography)೷ቹ

ಃΒԛШࣚεᏯਔǴᒿ๱ᖂય ( SONAR, sound of navigation and range ) ޑว

৖Ǵπ཰Ҕຬॣݢ຋౩ୀෳᏔٰୀෳങဂޑۓՏǶӧᙴৣᆶπำৣޑոΚǴу΢

ᓸႝ඲ᡏޑว৖ᆶׯؼǴ٬ሺᏔຫٰຫᆒஏǴ٠಄ӝᖏ׉ບᘐޑा؃Ƕ ຬॣݢӧ ᙴᏢບᘐ΢ࢂߚதख़ाޑߚߟ᠍܄ບᘐπڀǴځচ౛ࢂճҔᖂݢ໺ሀޑ੝܄ౢғ ቹႽӵǴკ 2-2ǴӧԼԺ฻೬ಔᙃύ໺ኞؼӳǴՠӧڰᡏӵମᓝӢځ߄य़೷ԋமϸ

৔Զ໺ኞόؼǴճҔԜৡ౦೷ቹ٠ղ᠐[ 5,[6]ǶԜݤёаޔௗᢀჸΓᡏှওǴՠࢂ

ӢࣁΓᡏಔᙃ٠ߚ΋ঁޑ׷਑Ǵ܌аש৔ޑ௃׎วғਔǴ཮ౢғଷቹǴԶቹៜບ ᘐǶ൩Ҟ߻ԶقǴ3D US ޑዴࢂૈ୼നᆒዴޑໆෳߏอဌޑБԄ[ 7]Ǵՠࢂໆෳۓ Տౣ༮ᕷᅥǴ٠ЪۓՏϐୖԵय़όܴዴǴ٠ߚЬࢬޑໆෳБԄǶ

2.1.3

MRI(Magnetic resonance imaging)೷ቹ

ճҔᅶ൑চ౛ǴעΓᡏ࿼ܭமεЪ֡Ϭޑᓉᅶ൑ύǴӆճҔ੝ۓޑ৔ᓎคጕ

ႝݢેፂǴᐟวΓᡏಔᙃϣޑణচηਡǶҗܭΓᡏϣޑ೚ӭϩη೿֖ԖణচηਡǴ ೭٤ణচηਡҁيΞڀԖᅶ൑੝܄Ǵӵӕ΋ঁλλޑᅶ៓Ƕऩ٬ሺᏔׯᡂᡏϣణ চηਡޑ௽ᙯ௨ӈБӛǴচηਡ൩཮ញܫ֎ԏޑૈໆǴૈໆᐟวࡕܫрႝᅶݢߞ ဦǴӆ࿶җႝတϩ݋ಔӝԋቹႽ[ 8]Ǵ೭൩ࢂ΋૓܌࣮ډޑ MRI ቹႽǶӵკ 2-3Ƕ ځલᗺࢂ௟ඔਔ໔ሡਔၨߏǴჹيᡏ౽୏ߚத௵གǴऩ౽୏ܰౢғଵቹ٠Ъ೛ഢ

຤Ҕܳ຦Ǵᔠࢗ຤ҔၨଯǶ

(19)

2.1.4

ᖏ׉ໆෳБݤ(Clinical methods) (1)໔ௗໆෳݤ(Indirect method):

ҔҞຎݤղᘐрੰ஻ၨอޑΠަǴӆճҔპ༧პଯၨอޑΠަǴ٬ମࣧНѳ (level pelvis)ǴԜਔპ༧ޑଯࡋջࣁᚈဌߏࡋޑৡ౦(Leg Length Discrepancy) [ 3]Ƕ ӵკ 2-4Ƕ

(2)ޔௗໆෳݤ(Direct method)Ξᆀ TMM(Tape measure methods)

ԜБݤԖٿࢴБԄ:(a)ճҔҜЁໆෳவ ASIS(anterior superior iliac spine)ډѦဌ

፭ϐߏࡋ(b) ճҔҜЁໆෳவ ASIS ډϣဌ፭ϐߏࡋ[ 3]Ƕӵკ 2-5ǶջߡԖԜໆෳ

ৡ౦Ǵ TMM ځύ΋ঁୖԵᗺ ASIS ҅ዴޑՏ࿼ۓကࢂѸाޑǴΨࢂҁࣴزϐख़ᗺǶ

2.2 ମ ମࣧᙁϟ

2.2.1 ମࣧ୷ҁᄬ೷Ϸфૈ

ମࣧ஥(Pelvic Girdle)ΞᆀᢇମǴҗ΢Бϐ㋅ମǵΠБϐ৭ମϷࡕБϐ֤ମ܌

׎ԋǴЪനࡕΟ༧ମᓝܭᘰӝೀ׎ԋཱུుϐпഐᆀࣁᢇՀӵკ 2-6ǶମࣧՏܭيᡏ ޑύኰǴתᄽӦ୷ޑفՅǴঃऩӢࣁߏอဌԶ೷ԋମࣧࢡ௹Ǵ཮Ꮴठ೚ӭғ౛΢

ޑό፾Ƕ

2.2.2 ۓက ASIS(Anterior superior iliac spine)ӧମࣧޑՏ࿼

ASISύ᝿ࣁ㋅߻΢඿ǴՏӧ㋅ମ҅य़നсޑՏ࿼ӵკ 2-6ǴεऊᆶغᙏѳଯǴ ѬගٮΑӧဎިྎ໧஥کᕳӐԼޑߕ๱ǴԜᗺΨࢂۓကࢂցԖфૈ܄ߏอဌ܌Ѹ ሡޑᗺǶ

2.3 ΓᡏಔᙃޑΚᏢ܄፦

Γᡏ܌Ԗಔᙃࣣࣁᗹቸ׷਑(೬ಔᙃᆶฯಔᙃ)ǴӵҜጥǵԼԺǵ໧஥ǵମᓝǵ ೬ମ฻Ƕ܌ᒏޑᗹቸ܄ȐviscoelasticȑࢂӕਔڀԖᗹ܄Ȑviscousȑᆶቸ܄Ȑelasticȑ ϐᚈख़੝܄ǴᗹቸᡏڙډѦΚࡕᡂ׎ਔ٠ό཮ᒥӺ߁լۓࡓࢂឦܭখ܄և౜ߚጕ

܄ޑ׷਑ӵკ 2-7[ 9]ǶځύԼԺಔᙃޑඦМ߯ኧεऊࣁ 0.7 MPaǹମᓐ฻ฯಔᙃޑ ඦМ߯ኧεऊࣁ 14000 MPa[ 10]Ǵٿޣ࣬ৡࣗᇻǴӢԜମᓐ࣬ၨܭ೬ಔᙃёຎࣁখ

܄ᡏǶ

(20)

კ 2-1 X-ray ೷ቹǴკ 2-2 ຬॣݢቹႽ

კ 2-3 MRI ೷ቹ

(21)

კ 2-4 ໔ௗໆෳݤ(Indirect method)

კ 2-5 ޔௗໆෳݤ(Direct method)

(22)

კ 2-6 ମࣧᆶ ASIS Տ࿼Ңཀკ

კ 2-7 ᗹቸ܄׷਑ޑᔈΚᔈᡂᜢ߯კ

(23)

ಃ

ಃ 3 കġ ໆෳး࿼ᆶϩ݋೛ഢ

3.1 ໆෳး࿼

ӵკ 3-1Ƕໆෳ౽୏ѳѠёϩࣁ߻ύࡕΟঁ೽ϩಔӝԶԋǴ߻ᆄࢂ΋ঁ஥Ԗ༝

෎׎௖ᓐޑߏ฿ࠠ಻ख़ϡǴύ໔ᆄࢂᖥఎ០୏ѳѠǴࡕᆄࢂ՛ܺଭၲǴӼးਔᅰ ёૈޑ෧Ͽᖥఎ០୏ѳѠᆶଭၲޑୃЈǴໆෳਔคݤᗉխޑᇸ༾᎜୏Ǵ൩ճҔᖥ ఎ០୏ϐѳѠ໻ૈරൂືӛՏ౽ٰऊ״Ǵӆע಻ख़ϡӼးӧᖥఎ០୏ϐѳѠ΢Ƕ

ௗ๱ѳՉܭӧᖥఎ០୏ѳѠޑѰୁǴࢎ೛Տ౽ीǴ٠עՏ౽ीޑ៓ЈճҔ΋༧᎑

༧྽ᐏఉᆶᖥఎ០୏ϐѳѠೱௗǴᙖԜໆෳᖥఎ០୏ϐѳѠޑջਔՏ౽Ƕ

3.1.1 ಻ख़ϡ(Load cell)

ӵკ 3-2Ƕ಻ख़ϡࢂճҔ΋ঁޔ৩ࣁ 20 mm ޑ༝ࢊᡏ᎑༧ک΋ঁനεޔ৩Ψࣁ 20 mmޑ༝ᒷᡏ᎑༧Ǵύ໔֨࡭΋ঁᏛࠆ 1.5 mmǴޔ৩ 22 mm ޑᖓᏛ༝ᕉǴ྽ᖓ Ꮫ༝ᕉڙډൂືӛΚਔǴ཮Ԗٿঁ஭Κय़ᆶٿঁᓸΚय़ǴӢԜϩձӧѤঁڙΚय़ ޑύЈᗺຠ΢ӕ΋ץӕࠠဦޑᔈᡂीǴஒԜѤঁᔈᡂी೛ۓࣁඁථӕႝᐏӄᐏޑ թֽǴ٬ᔈᡂૻဦܫε 4 ७Ǵуமໆෳᡫ௵ࡋ(֨࡭БԄ໻ճҔ Z ືޑऊ״ΚǴа ᗉխቹៜໆෳਔڙΚޑϸᔈ)Ƕ

3.1.2 Տ౽ी(LVDT)

ӵკ 3-3ǶՏ౽໺གᏔࣁႝᅶགᔈচ౛Ǵᆶ໺಍ޑႝΚᡂᓸᏔόӕǴLVDT ࢂ

΋ᅿ໒ᅶၡ১ᅶጠӝޑෳໆϡҹǴ่ᄬҗ៓Јǵሒ៓ǵ߃ભጕ୮ǵԛભጕ୮ಔԋǴ

྽߃ભጕ୮ٮ๏΋ۓᓎ౗ޑҬᡂႝᓸਔǴ៓޻ӧጕ୮ϣ౽୏൩ׯᡂΑޜ໔ޑᅶ൑

ϩѲǴவԶׯᡂΑ߃ǵԛભጕ୮ϐ໔ޑϕགໆǴԛભጕ୮൩ౢғགᔈႝ୏༈Ǵᒿ

๱៓ЈޑՏ࿼όӕǴϕགໆΨόӕǴԛભౢғޑགᔈႝ୏༈ΨόӕǴ೭ኬ൩ஒ៓

޻ޑՏ౽ໆᡂԋΑႝᓸߞဦᒡрǶࠠဦࣁ RS stock no 646-511ǶInput Rang: 9 Vɴ 24 VǶ

3.1.3 ՛ܺଭၲϷ០୏Ꮤ

ӵკ 3-4Ƕа᎑༧уπᇙբޑ঺ҹஒ՛ܺଭၲ(Servo motor)ڰۓܭѳѠ΢Ǵଭ

ၲࠠဦࣁ CS60-150C5AEǴቷจࣁ CSIM, TaiwanǴೕ਱Ǻ150WǴှ݋ࡋǺ2000 ؁ (΋୮) Ƕ០୏Ꮤࠠဦࣁ CSBL900-CS150C5Ǵቷจࣁ CSIM, TaiwanǴӵკ 3-5Ƕ

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3.1.4 ᖥ ᖥఎ០୏ѳѠ

ӵკ 3-5Ƕᙯ΋୮຾๏ޑՉำࣁ 2mmǴࢂעଭၲޑᙯ୏୏Κᙯඤࣁൂືӛ຾๏

ޑᙯඤ൞ϟǴӢࣁѳѠޑ౽୏ڙज़ܭൂືӛǴ܌аΨёа෧եӢࣁଭၲୃЈԶ೷

ԋޑ᎜୏Ƕ

3.1.5 ೸ܴᓸլΚ݈

ӵკ 3-6ǶЋ୏Ϫр 2 ༧ 10 cm x12 cm ᓸլΚѳ݈Ǵ΋༧Ӽးӧ౽୏ѳѠ΢Ǵ

΋༧ڰۓӧໆෳᡏǶӼးਔᓸլΚѳ݈ࣣࠟޔܭ Z ືǴҔٰ྽ໆෳୖԵѳय़Ƕ

3.2 ኧᏵᘏڗϩ݋೛ഢ 3.2.1 DAQ ᘏڗᏔ

(1) ӵკ 3-7ǶNI, 6009DAQ ᘏڗᏔǴ8 ঁᜪКᒡΕ (48 kS/sǵ14 Տϡ)ǹ2 ঁ ᜪКᒡр (12 Տϡǵ150 S/s)ǹ12 ঁኧՏ I/Oǹ32 ՏϡीኧᏔǶ࣬৒ܭ LabVIEWǵ LabWindows / CVIǵMeasurement Studio for Visual Studio .NETǶҔܭᘏڗ LVDT ϐႝᓸૻဦǶ

(2)ӵკ 3-8ǶNI, PCI-MIO-16E-4 ϟय़ьǴ2 ঁ 12 ՏϡޑᜪКᒡр೯ၰǹ8 ঁ ኧՏ I/O ೯ၰǹ2 ঁ 24 ՏϡޑीኧᏔǶᜪК᝻วфૈǴ࣬৒ܭ LabVIEWǵ LabWindows / CVIǵMeasurement Studio for Visual Studio .NETǶሡးӧႝတ΢ωё ၮ଺ǶҔܭᘏڗ Load cell ϐᔈᡂૻဦǶ

3.2.2 ૻဦܫεᏔ

ӵკ 3-9Ƕ΋ঁ SCXI-1000 ޑᐒጃǴ΋༧ SCXI-1520 ޑ௦໣ьǴ΋༧ SCXI-1314 ޑௗጕ౯ಔӝԶԋǴ΋ᆄᆶ PCI-MIO-16E-4 ϟय़ьೱௗǴќ΋ᆄᆶ Winston Bridge ೱௗǴջёճҔ LabVIEW ᘏڗૻဦǶ

3.2.3 LabVIEW ϩ݋೬ᡏำԄ

2011ހ LabVIEW

3.3 ০኱ືޑۓက

X ື:НѳܭӦय़Ǵࠟޔܭᖥఎ០୏ѳѠǹY ື:ࠟޔܭӦय़ǹZ ື: НѳܭӦ य़ǴѳՉܭᖥఎ០୏ѳѠǶ

(25)

კ 3-1 ໆෳ౽୏ѳѠ

კ 3-2 ಻ख़ϡ

(26)

კ 3-3 Տ౽ी

კ 3-4 ՛ܺଭၲ

(27)

კ 3-5 ᖥఎ០୏ѳѠ

კ 3-6 ೸ܴᓸլΚ݈

(28)

კ 3-7 NI, 6009DAQ ᘏڗᏔ

კ 3-8 NI, PCI-MIO-16E-4 ϟय़ь

(29)

კ 3-9 SCXI-1000 ޑᐒጃǴ΋༧ SCXI-1520 ޑ௦໣ьǴ΋༧ SCXI-1314 ޑௗጕ౯ಔ ӝԶԋ

(30)

ಃ

ಃ 4 കġ ჴᡍচ౛ᆶБݤ

4.1 س಍ё᎞ࡋϐዴҥ

ໆෳး࿼ύǴໆෳΚໆૻဦޑ಻ख़ϡᆶॄೢໆෳՏ౽ޑՏ౽ीǴٿޣ՞Αߚ தख़ाޑفՅǴځύ಻ख़ϡࢂԾρ೛ीಔးԶԋޑǴځໆෳрٰޑૻဦё᎞ࡋ໪

ा଺ঁᔠᡍǹՏ౽ीᗨฅࢂѱ୧ޑǴՠࢂ᠐рޑૻဦǵᚇૻελΨሡाӳӳΑှ

ᆶ௖૸ǶࣁΑ෧ϿᡂӢǴໆෳ׷਑ᒧ᏷ᏱԖڰۓ K ॶޑቸᘽǶ

4.1.1 ቸᘽޑᒧ᏷

ࡷᒧޔ৩εޑቸᘽǴ٠ЪԖ΋ۓቸᘽΚޑಉቸᘽǴٰ྽଺ךᡍ᛾س಍ё᎞ࡋ ޑπڀǴޔ৩εёаफ़եӢڙᓸᕭΚԶวғ Buckling ޑᐒ౗Ƕ

4.1.2 ໆڀ೛ी

ᙁܰޑуπ೸ܴᓸլΚ༧ǴճҔΟࣾጤᆙஏᗹӝԋ΋ঁॉၰǴעቸᘽᗹӧԜ

ॉၰ΢Ǵ٠עԜॉၰҔٿঁᖥํڰۓᙹӧໆෳး࿼ޑό୏ᗺ΢Ƕໆෳ௖ᓐ߻ᆄճ ҔΟࣾጤᗹ΋༧໳ՅᓸլΚѳ݈Ƕځύቸᘽǵ໳ՅᓸլΚѳ݈ᆶ೸ܴᓸլΚॉၰ

ࣣคௗ᝻ӵკ 4-1ǵკ 4-2ǵკ 4-3 ܌ҢǶ

4.1.3 ໆෳǵϩ݋Бݤ

ճҔ LabVIEW ำԄ០୏ଭၲᙯ୏Ǵ஥୏ѳѠа߻຾ 2 ࣾǴӣଏ 2 ࣾᕴӅ 4 ࣾ

଺΋ԛ߻ࡕ۳ൺ౽୏Ǵ٠ӕਔа؂ࣾ׬ڗ 10000 ኧᏵᗺޑೲࡋǴᘏڗ಻ख़ϡᆶՏ

౽ीޑૻဦǴೱុໆෳ 10 ԛǶӧ߻຾ 2 ࣾޑำׇύǴ಻ख़ϡڙΚεܭ 6N ਔǴำ Ԅ཮ଌрଶЗࡰзǴଶЗଭၲᝩុ០୏ѳѠ߻຾Ǵࡑ߻຾ำׇၲډ 2 ࣾਔǴำԄ

཮ӆࡋଌрࡰзǴ០୏ଭၲӣډ߃ۈՏ࿼Ƕ

ӧѳѠ߻຾ޑ 2 ࣾය໔ǴำԄଶЗޑࡰзޑଌрᗺǴڙज़ܭ LabVIEW ௓ڋ DAQ ьᘏڗኧᏵਔǴځှ݋ࡋѝૈၲ 0.1 ࣾǴע 2 ࣾϪԋ 20 ฻ҽǴӢԜᡍ᛾಻ख़ϡڙ ΚԖคຬၸ 6 N ޑ଑୮ှ݋ࡋΨ೏ज़ڋࣁ 0.1 ࣾǶ׬ڗኧᏵϐࡕӆճҔ LabVIEW ำԄჹচኧᏵᗺ଺൪ӝБำԄǴа൪ӝ 1 ԛБำԄࣁ୷ᘵǴϩ݋ቸᘽޑڙΚᆶՏ

౽ޑᜢ߯٠Кၨ٠ղᘐځ౜ຝᆶᖿ༈ǴᙖԜዴҥໆෳး࿼ϐёߞࡋǶ

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4.2 ೬ ೬ಔᙃϐໆෳ

Ӣࣁ ASIS ޑѦ೽཮хᙟ๱΋ቫ೬ಔᙃǴӢԜӧໆෳਔǴ༈Ѹ཮Ӄໆෳډ၀ቫ ೬ಔᙃǴځύ೬ಔᙃҁيࣗԿܭϣቫࢂҗߚቸ܄ޑ໧஥Ոᆅ฻฻ҬᙃԶԋǴ܌а ڙډΚໆࡕ܌೷ԋޑখ܄ᆶখ܄ᡂϯ౗Ǵ཮ᒿ๱ԼԺวၲำࡋόӕǴ܈ࢂӢࣁԼ Ժޑᗹቸ܄฻฻ӢનԶԖόӕޑϸᔈǴࣁΑϐࡕૈྗዴղ᠐ୀෳ ASIS ޑኧᏵǴԜ

࿯ޑ่݀ჹܭࡕय़ޑኧᏵղ᠐ԖୖԵሽॶǶ

4.2.1 ೬ಔᙃ೽Տޑᒧ᏷

ᕴӅࡷᒧΟঁ೽Տޑ೬ಔᙃǴҜિቫၨᖓޑ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃǵԼԺဂၨวၲޑ ЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃǵિެቫၨࠆޑغҜ೬ಔᙃӵკ 4-4Ƕளډόӕ೬ಔᙃޑኧᏵǴ ջߡаࡕෳໆ೽ՏޑԼԺวၲޑำࡋόӕǴΨૈ଺Ԗ٩Ᏽޑղ᠐Ƕ

4.2.2 ໆڀ೛ी

ӢࣁໆෳᡏࢂࢲᡏǴ܌а཮Ԗڥ֎Ǵᇸ༾᎜୏Ǵ฻฻ᡂӢቹៜໆෳǴࣁΑ෧ λໆෳᡏՏ౽ԜᡂӢǴᙁܰᇙբΑ΋ঁ೸ܴᓸլΚࢎηӵკ 4-5ǵკ 4-6ǴճҔᖥ

ํᙹӧس಍ޑό୏ᗺ΢ӵკ 4-7ǶໆෳਔǴࡑෳ୔ୱёаᆙຠӧ೸ܴᓸլΚ݈΢Ǵ ճҔௗ᝻ᓸլΚޑҜጥነᔔΚǴज़ڋࡑෳ୔Ӣڥ֎܈ࢂ᎜୏Զ೷ԋޑᇸ༾Տ౽Ƕ

4.2.3 ໆෳǵϩ݋Бݤ

ӧటໆෳޑᗺ΢଺΋ঁ૶ဦǴעໆෳᗺჹྗ௖ᓐ߻຾ޑၡ৩Ǵໆෳᗺߕ߈ޑ Ҝጥᆙຠ೸ܴᓸլΚ݈Ǵ௴୏ LabVIEW ำԄ٩ྣ΢ॊޑБԄໆෳᗺೱុໆෳ 10 ԛǶճҔ LabVIEW ำԄჹচኧᏵᗺ଺൪ӝБำԄǴа൪ӝ 2 ԛБำԄࣁ୷ᘵǴϩ

݋ԼԺޑڙΚᆶՏ౽ޑᜢ߯٠Кၨ٠ղᘐځ౜ຝᆶᖿ༈ǴᙖԜளډԖҔޑ೬ಔᙃ ኧᏵǶ

4.3 ASIS Anterior superior iliac spine(ASIS)ϐໆෳ

ڋुٿঁղᘐྗ߾:(1)খ܄ᡂϯ౗(2) Z ື๊ჹՏ࿼Ƕ

ASIS ࢂӧମࣧ΢ъ೽ޑ΋ঁँрᗺӵკ 4-8ǴՠځѦ೽хᙟ๱΋ቫ೬ಔᙃǴӢ೬ ಔᙃࢂ΋ቫߚጕ܄ޑ׷਑Ǵ௢ෳճҔ௖ᓐ຾ՉໆෳਔǴໆෳᗺޑԼԺቫڙډ௖ᓐ ޑᔒᓸǴ೬ಔᙃ཮ᡂޑ׳ࣁጏஏǴখ܄Ψᒿϐ΢ϲǴځύёаႣයޑࢂǴମᓐၨ

ࣁँрޑᗺǴᆶځᆙຠޑ೬ಔᙃ཮КၨᖓǶ܌аখ܄΢ϲޑೲࡋёૈ཮׳ࣁזೲǴ

(32)

ќѦёаႣයǴ྽ໆෳ௖ᓐ࿘᝻ډ߄ቫ೬ಔᙃ܈຾๏ుࡋၲډମᓐਔǴѸۓ཮Ԗ

੝ۓڙΚǴӢԜ௖ᓐӧ੝ۓڙΚΠޑ Z ື๊ჹՏ࿼ߡࣁќ΋ղᘐྗ߾ǴۓՏ ASISǶ

4.3.1 ASIS ϐ ϐໆෳ೽Տޑ،ۓ

ӃճҔЋௗ᝻ޑ໺಍БԄǴӧମࣧѓ΢ъ೽ۓՏрനँޑᗺǴԜᗺջࣁΓࣁ ᇡۓޑ ASISǹаԜᗺࣁύЈǴӛѤڬൎᘉ৖р΋ঁ 5X5 ޑБତǴᕴӅ 25 ঁᗺǴ Ҕڻ౦฽ӧۓՏᗺ଺΢΋ঁ૶ဦ٠ጓဦǴໆෳᗺၟᗺϐ໔ޑຯᚆࣣࣁ 5 mm ӵკ 4-9Ƕ

4.3.2 ໆෳБݤ

ஒ΋༧೸ܴᓸլΚѳހᆙ࿹ӧဈ໔Ǵ٠ஒࡑෳ೽Տ࿼ܭ೸ܴᓸլΚѳހࡩޜ

୔ӵკ 4-9Ƕໆෳਔᡣဈ໔ޑѳ݈ѳՉᆙຠ౽୏ѳѠޑ೸ܴᓸլΚѳ݈Ǵ٠ᡣໆෳ

ᗺჹྗ௖ᓐ߻຾ޑၡ৩Ǵ௴୏ LabVIEW ำԄ٩ྣ΢ॊޑБԄ؂ᗺೱុໆෳ 10 ԛǴ 25ঁໆෳᗺᕴӅ 250 ಔኧᏵǶӢࣁໆෳس಍ѝૈර๱ Z ື౽୏Ǵ܌аໆෳᗺޑ X

ືᆶ Y ືБӛׯᡂБݤࢂעΓᡏპଯǴ܈ࢂΓᡏѰѓՏ౽ٰၲډǶໆෳ่״ࡕճ Ҕ LabVIEW ϩ݋ำԄǴעளډޑ 25 ঁᗺޑኧᏵճҔόӕޑڗኬБԄٰϩ݋Ǵள ډӚԾж߄၀ᗺޑখ܄ᡂϯ౗ᆶ Z ື๊ჹՏ࿼০኱Ǵϩձ٩ྣٿᅿղᘐྗ߾ฝԋ 3D Ԕय़ǴᙖԜղᘐ٠ۓՏ AISIǶ

4.3.3 ڗኬᆶϩ݋БԄ

ࣁΑளډന፾ӝޑໆෳϩ݋БԄǴ܌а؂ঁໆෳᗺ཮ख़ፄໆෳ 10 ԛӅளډ 10 ಔኬҁǴӧখ܄ᡂϯ౗ᆶ Z ື๊ჹՏ࿼ٿεྗ߾ΠǴϩձӚ૸ፕٿᅿόӕޑڙΚ

୔ࢤǴځύΞϩձճҔϖᅿڗኬޑБݤǴٰᒧڗటϩ݋ޑኬҁǴפ൨рന፾ӝޑ ڗኬϩ݋БԄӵΠᐋރკǶ

ኬҁ!

খ܄ᡂϯ

౗!

0.1N焍1N 1N焍2N

ݤ΋! ݤΒ! ݤΟ! ݤѤ! ݤϖ!

Zື๊ჹ Տ࿼

1N 4N

(33)

ϩ݋ྗ߾ޑϟಏ:

(1)খ܄ᡂϯ౗:வݤ΋ɴݤϖύᒧۓڗኬБݤࡕǴჹ 1 ঁໆෳᗺޑ 10 ಔኬҁύ ڗኬࡕǴவ၀ኬҁচኧᏵᗺϐύڗр੝ۓڙΚ୔ࢤ൪ӝ΋చ 2 ԛБำԄǴճҔ ԜБำԄϐখ܄ᡂϯ౗ኧॶࣁ၀ໆෳᗺϐ Z ື০኱Ǵϩձϩ݋ֹ 25 ঁໆෳᗺ ࡕฝ 3D Ԕय़Ƕ

(2)Zື๊ჹՏ࿼:வݤ΋ɴݤϖύᒧۓڗኬБݤࡕǴჹ 1 ঁໆෳᗺޑ 10 ಔኬҁ ύڗኬࡕǴவ၀ኬҁচኧᏵᗺϐύа੝ۓڙΚޑ±0.5 N ࣁጄൎ൪ӝ΋చ 2 ԛБ ำԄǴӆှрԜБำԄӧ၀੝ۓڙΚΠޑ๊ჹՏ࿼Ǵջࣁ௖ᓐ౽୏ޑ Z ື๊ჹ Տ࿼ǶॶளݙཀޑࢂӢࣁ௖ᓐ౽୏ޑ Z ື๊ჹՏ࿼ຫλǴж߄၀ໆෳᗺޑΓᡏ ߄ቫ೬ಔᙃຫсǴΞӢࣁ௖ᓐ܌ૈ౽୏ޑ Z ືՏ࿼΢ज़ࣁ 30 mmǴࡺ཮Ӄճ Ҕ 30 mm ෧௞௖ᓐ Z ື๊ჹՏ࿼ǴаԜளډޑኧॶࣁ၀ໆෳᗺϐ Z ື๊ჹՏ

࿼০኱Ǵϩձϩ݋ֹ 25 ঁໆෳᗺࡕฝ 3D Ԕय़Ƕ ڗኬБݤޑϟಏ:

ݤ΋:ӕ΋ໆෳᗺǴೱុໆෳ 10 ԛޑ 10 ಔኧᏵǴ܌ԖޑচኧᏵᗺǴӕਔ൪ӝ р 1 చ 2 ԛБำԄǶ25 ঁໆෳᗺӅ 25 చБำԄࣁڗኬฝ 3D Ԕय़Ƕ ݤΒ:ӕ΋ໆෳᗺǴೱុໆෳ 10 ԛޑޑ 10 ಔኧᏵǴӚձҔځচኧᏵᗺ൪ӝр

10చ 2 ԛБำԄǴӆѳ֡ 10 చ 2 ԛБำԄޑ߯ኧǴԶளрϐ 1 చ 2 ԛБ ำԄǶ25 ঁໆෳᗺӅ 25 చБำԄࣁڗኬฝ 3D Ԕय़Ƕ

ݤΟ: ӕ΋ໆෳᗺǴೱុໆෳ 10 ԛޑ 10 ಔኧᏵϐύᒿᐒڗ 1 ಔኧᏵ྽Ԝໆෳ

ᗺޑж߄ڗኬǶ25 ঁໆෳᗺӅ 25 ಔᒿᐒڗኬኧᏵǴճҔԜ 25 ঁໆෳᗺ ޑж߄ኧᏵࣁڗኬฝ 3D Ԕय़Ƕ

ݤѤ:؂ঁໆෳᗺೱុໆෳ 10 ԛޑಃ 1 ಔኧᏵࣁж߄ኧᏵฝ 3D Ԕय़Ƕ ݤϖ:؂ঁໆෳᗺೱុໆෳ 10 ԛޑಃ 2 ಔኧᏵࣁж߄ኧᏵฝ 3D Ԕय़Ƕ

(34)

კ 4-1 ໆෳس಍ᓉЗკ

კ 4-2 س಍߈ྣǴܴᡉё࣮ډቸᘽᆶ໳ՅᓸլΚѳ݈ᆶ೸ܴᓸլΚॉၰࣣคௗ᝻

(35)

კ 4-3 س಍ໆෳ຾Չύޑკ

კ 4-4 ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃ(Ѱ΢)ǴЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃ(ѓ)ǴغҜ೬ಔᙃ (ѰΠ)

(36)

კ 4-5 ೸ܴᓸլΚࢎ९ຎკ

კ 4-6 ೸ܴᓸլΚࢎ҅ຎკ

(37)

კ 4-7 ᖥํڰۓ೸ܴᓸլΚࢎ

კ 4-8 Anterior superior iliac spine(AISI)ϐՏ࿼კ

(38)

კ 4-9 ӧటໆෳ೽Տ଺ 5X5 Бତ૶ဦ٠ጓဦǴໆෳᗺၟᗺ໔ຯࣣࣁ 5 mm

(39)

ಃ

ಃ 5 കġ ჴᡍ่݀ᆶ૸ፕ

5.1 ቸᘽໆෳ

ᙖҗໆෳখ܄ڰۓޑቸᘽǴٰ૸ፕໆෳس಍ϐӆ౜܄ᆶё᎞ࡋǶϩࣁϖঁ೽

ϩ૸ፕ:(1)ൂԛໆෳϐӆ౜܄ (2)ӭԛໆෳޑӆ౜܄(3)ϩ݋ኧᏵޑё᎞ࡋ(4)ໆෳ

ᇤৡౢғޑচӢᆶᘠݢϐ૸ፕ(5)ໆෳϐྗዴࡋǶ

5.1.1 ൂԛуǵڕၩϐӆ౜܄

ӵკ 5-1Ǵ಻ख़ϡ࿶ᐕуǵڕၩϐࡕǴX ືޑୃ౽ໆࣁ 0.10 mmǴ೭٤ୃ౽ж ߄ൂԛໆෳਔǴኧᏵޑڙΚᆶՏ౽ϐᇤৡǶ

5.1.2 10 ԛуڕၩϐӆ౜܄

ೱុ 10 ԛуǵڕၩࡕǴᘏڗ 10 ಔኧᏵϐуၩ୔ࢤ(0 Nɴ5 N)ฝკӵკ 5-2Ǵ ӧۘ҂уၩޑ߃ۈރᄊΠǴځኧᏵޑၢ୏ጄൎࣁ±0.01 Nǹ10 ಔኧᏵӧуၩਔϐ໔ Xືޑୃ౽ໆࣁ 0.15 mmǶ೭٤ୃ౽ж߄ӭԛໆෳਔǴόӕಔኧᏵϐ໔ڙΚᆶՏ౽ ޑᇤৡǶ

5.1.3 ٬Ҕ Labview ำԄ຾ՉኧᏵϩ݋

ࣁΑԖਏޑኧᏵ൪ӝǴ܌аϩձᘏڗ 10 ಔኧᏵуၩ୔ࢤ(0.1ɴ5N)Ǵځύ 10 ಔচኧᏵᗺᆶځ࣬ᔈޑ൪ӝБำԄ coefficient of determination ≈ 1Ǵ10 చ൪ӝБำ Ԅϐ K ॶ኱ྗৡࣁ 0.000168Ǵӵ߄ 5-1 ܌ҢǶ٠ीᆉ 10 చ൪ӝБำԄӧ੝ۓڙΚ Π܌ჹᔈޑՏ࿼Ңཀკӵკ 5-3ǴᕴӅ૸ፕ 10 ঁ੝ۓڙΚǴӚϩ݋ځՏ࿼ޑ኱ྗ

ৡ σ (standard deviation)Ǵ኱ྗৡࣁ 0.016 mm< σ <0.018 mm ӵ߄ 5-2Ƕ

5.1.4 ໆෳᇤৡϐ૸ፕ

ᔈΚޑှ݋ࡋࣁ 2¹⁶bits/30NǴՏ౽ीޑှ݋ࡋࣁ 2¹²bits/30mmǴࣣёډၲλኧ ᗺࡕٿՏǴӢԜ೷ԋ΢ॊໆෳᇤৡޑচӢёૈԖ:(1)ቸᘽޑᇤৡ(2)Տ౽ीૻဦ᠐ڗ ޑᇤৡ(3)಻ख़ϡૻဦ᠐ڗޑᇤৡ(4)ᘠݢࡕ೷ԋޑᇤৡǶ

ቸᘽӧϸᙟໆෳਔԖό҅தޑᡂ׎ǶՠԜёૈ܄ኩਔӃ௨ନǴӢࣁӧໆෳਔǴࡼ

уӧቸᘽ΢य़ޑࡼΚय़֡ϬǴቸᘽؒԖ bulking ҭؒԖफ़ҷ฻ځдό҅தᡂ׎ޑว ғǶ

Տ౽ीک಻ख़ϡૻဦ᠐ڗޑᇤৡёૈٰԾѦӧႝᅶݢǴሺᏔҁيᚇૻ฻฻Ǵ

(40)

ϣǴ཮ӢԜ཮ճҔಃ 4 ᗺᘠݢٰೀ౛ԜᚇૻǶ

ᘠݢޑำׇࢂճҔ LabVIEW ำԄӧ߃ۈރᄊΠ᠐ڗрՏ౽ीک಻ख़ϡኧᏵޑᓎ᛼

კǴว౜ LVDT ޑኧᏵӧᓎ౗ 60 Hz Ԗࡐܴᡉޑ peak ӵკ 5-4ǹ಻ख़ϡޑኧᏵΨ ёаղᘐрԖ 60 Hz ຼයᚇૻӵკ 5-5Ƕ೷ԋٿঁკᚇૻࠠᄊόӕޑচӢ௢ෳࢂ಻

ख़ϡޑႝၡԖ೯ၸૻဦܫεᏔǴځϣ೽ႝၡׯᡂΑᓎ౗ࠠᄊǴՠࢂёаεᖌޑղ ᘐрԜ 60 Hz ջࣁѠႝٮႝ೷ԋޑǶӢԜኧᏵϩ݋ਔǴ೿཮ӃעኧᏵύᓎ౗ଯܭ 50 HzޑኧᏵᘠ௞ǶΞӢࣁໆෳਔǴԖਏኧᏵᓎ౗եܭ 50 HzǴ܌аԜᘠݢ୏բό

཮ቹៜԖਏኧᏵǶ

5.1.5 ໆ ໆෳྗዴࡋϐ૸ፕ

җ߻य़ޑ่݀ளϐǴ߃ۈރᄊΠǴΚໆᇤৡၢ୏ጄൎࣁ±0.0075 NǶൂԛໆෳ

س಍࿶ᐕуڕၩӣډ߃ۈރᄊՏ࿼ୃ౽ᇤৡጄൎӧ 0.10 mmǹೱុӭԛໆෳڙΚᇤ ৡጄൎӧ±0.01 NǴӚঁኧᏵӧ࣬ӕڙΚΠ໔ޑՏ࿼ᇤৡጄൎӧ 0.15 mmǶӢԜໆ

ෳس಍ӧൂԛໆෳᆶೱុӭԛໆෳٰᇥǴس಍ޑ߃ۈڙΚᇤৡᆶӭԛໆෳޑՏ࿼

ୃ౽ᇤৡࣣࡐλǶ

ӭಔኧᏵໆෳύǴӚಔচኧᏵᗺᆶځ൪ӝБำԄޑጕ܄ࡋߚதଯ(coefficient of determination ≈ 1)Ǵځ K ॶ኱ྗৡࣁ 0.000168ǴճҔ೭٤൪ӝБำԄӧ੝ۓ 10 ঁ

࣬ӕڙΚΠޑՏ࿼኱ྗৡࣣ< 0.0018 mmǴа΢Ҕ LabVIEW ำԄϩ݋่݀Ǵᇤৡ ߚதλǴӢԜΨёа᛾ܴ྽ךճҔ LabVIEW ำԄ଺ኧᏵ൪ӝᆶ኱ྗৡޑϩ݋΢Ǵ

ࢂ҅ዴЪё᎞ޑǶ

5.2 ໆෳ೬ಔᙃ

ϩձჹໆෳ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃǵЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃᆶغҜ೬ಔᙃ଺ໆෳǴᙖԜΑ

ှวၲำࡋόӕޑ೬ಔᙃ཮ԖՖᅿόӕޑϸᔈǶځύӢࣁ೬ಔᙃখ܄ᆶখ܄ᡂϯ

౗ёૈӢࣁൂԛໆෳਔޑᇤৡǴԶளډѨ੿ޑኧᏵǴࡺ჋၂؂΋ঁໆෳᗺࣣೱុ

ख़ᙟໆෳ 10 ԛǴ׆ఈᙖԜளډ׳ёߞޑኧᏵǶ؂ঁໆෳ೽ՏࣣϩѤঁ೽ϩ૸ፕ:(1) ೱុ 10 ԛуǵڕၩޑኧᏵៜᔈ่݀Ǵ٠،ۓЬाϩ݋ϐڙΚ୔ࢤ(2)ᔠຎচኧᏵᗺ ᆶځ൪ӝБำԄޑᜢ߯Ǵڗ 10 ಔځύৡ౦നεޑ 2 ಔٰ௖૸Ǵ٠௖૸Ԝ 2 ಔኧᏵ ޑՏ࿼ৡ౦(3)ໆϯ 10 చ൪ӝБำԄᆶচኧᏵޑ࣬ᜢ܄Ǵ٠Ъϩ݋ 10 చ൪ӝБำ Ԅӧ੝ۓڙΚΠޑՏ࿼኱ྗৡᆶൂՏՏ࿼ޑՏ࿼኱ྗৡᡂϯ(4)ϩձჹ 10 చ൪ӝБ

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5.2.1 ߻ ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃ

(1)ೱុ 10 ԛуǵڕၩϐڙΚᆶՏ౽ᜢ߯

߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃᒿ๱ໆෳ௖ᓐޑӛ߻຾๏Ǵځ೬ಔᙃܢלޑΚໆΨຫεǴ྽಻

ख़ϡڙΚၲঢ়ॶࡕޑኧᏵǴղᘐࢂёа௭కޑၗૻǴӢٗࢂ௖ᓐӣଏਔໆෳډޑ ኧᏵǴ٠Ъ಻ख़ϡڙΚεܭ 6 N ࡕໆෳး࿼཮ଶЗ຾๏Ƕᕴ่а΢ǴӢԜᘏڗу

ၩ୔ࢤ(0.1 Nɴ5 N)଺ࣁЬाϩ݋ޑ୔ࢤӵკ 5-6ǴԜڙΚ୔ࢤ௖ᓐ܌࿶ᐕޑ߈๏

Տ౽ѳ֡ࣁ 7.1 mmǶעس಍ᇤৡԵቾ຾ѐϐࡕว౜Ǵೱុ 10 ಔኧᏵᗨฅԖ۳ѓୃ

౽ޑ౜ຝǴՠࢂځᖿ༈ࠅࢂεठ࣬ӕޑǶკ 5-6 ޑ plot 4 നεڙΚܴᡉଯܭځѬಔǴ

೷ԋԜ౜ຝࢂӢࣁ LabVIEW ଶЗଭၲޑଶЗࡰзᄌΑ 0.1 ࣾǴᏤठኧᏵӭ׬ڗΑ 1000฽೷ԋޑǴՠࢂόቹៜϩ݋Ǵ܌аࡕय़όӆගଆǶ

(2)ᔠຎ 2 ಔচኧᏵᆶځ 2 ԛ൪ӝБำԄޑᜢ߯ک 2 ಔচኧᏵϐ໔ޑৡ౦

ᔠຎ 10 ಔচኧᏵᗺύৡ౦നεޑ 2 ಔǴځӚԾޑ 2 చ൪ӝБำԄᆶځচኧᏵ ޑᜢ߯ӵკ 5-7Ƕ2 ಔচኧᏵӧ 0.1 N ڙΚΠǴՏ࿼ৡࣁ 0.7 mmǴΨж߄๱ଆۈኧ Ᏽៜᔈനεୃ౽ࣁ 0.7 mmǴԜৡຯεܭس಍ޑᇤৡ 0.15 mmǴќѦӢচኧᏵԔጕ ᚹϲၨזǴ܌а൪ӝБำԄଆۈᆄ٤༾ᙋଆǶǶ

(3)ໆϯ 10 చ൪ӝБำԄၟচኧᏵϐ࣬ᜢ܄ǵӧ੝ۓڙΚΠϐՏ࿼኱ྗৡ

10చ൪ӝБำԄӵკ 5-8Ǵځ࣬ᜢ܄ࣣ > 0.95 ኧॶӵ߄ 5-3 ܌ҢǶว౜ 10 చ 2ԛБำԄନಃ 1 ಔԖ٤༾ޑৡ౦Ǵՠᖿ༈εठ΢ᗋࢂ΋ठޑǶीᆉӧ੝ۓڙΚΠ ჹᔈޑՏ࿼኱ྗৡ σǴᕴӅ૸ፕ 10 ঁ੝ۓޑڙΚǴځύӢࣁ൪ӝБำԄଆۈᆄԖ

ั༾Ѩ੿όၻ૸ፕǴࡺவڙΚ 0.3 Nɴ4.5 N ໒ۈϩ݋ǴᕴӅ૸ፕ 10 ঁ੝ۓڙΚǴ ᒿ๱಻ख़ϡ܍ڙޑΚໆຫεځՏ࿼኱ྗৡࣁ 0.077 mm< σ <0.158 mmǴໆෳ௖ᓐՏ

࿼ࣁ 11.227 mmɴ18.248 mm ӵ߄ 5-4 ܌ҢǶ (4)߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃޑখ܄ᆶখ܄ᡂϯ౗Ƕ

10చ൪ӝ 2 ԛБำԄ೿଺΋ԛ༾ϩǴځ 1 ԛБำԄӵკ 5-9 ኧॶӵ߄ 5-9 ܌ҢǶ კύޑ Y ືኧॶж߄ڙΚᆶՏ౽ޑ௹౗Ψ൩ࢂ׷਑ϐখ܄ǴӢԜவკύёޕ߻Ћ ᖉ೬ಔᙃڙډ௖ᓐࡼᓸӧ 0.1 Nɴ5 ̊ڙΚ୔໔Ǵ؂ԛໆෳϐখ܄வ 0.1 N/mm ΢ ϲԿ 1 N/mmǴЪ 10 ԛໆෳ໔খ܄ᡂϯ౗ϟܭ 0.107 N/mm²ɴ0.119 N/mm²ӵ߄ 5-9

܌ҢǶ

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5.2.2 Ћ ЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃ

ᆶ߻ЋᖉԼԺ೬ಔᙃ࣬ӕচӢΠǴᘏڗуၩ୔ࢤ(0.1 Nɴ5 N)଺ࣁЬाϩ݋ޑ

୔ࢤǴ٠Ъ௖ᓐڙΚவ 0.1 Nɴ5 N ܌࿶ᐕޑ຾๏Տ౽ѳ֡ࣁ 4.5 mmǴК߻Ћᖉ೬ ಔᙃϿǴ໔ௗж߄Ԝ೽Տ೬ಔᙃޑখ܄ၨଯǴԜ่݀Ψ಄ӝךॺޑႣයǴӵკ 5-10Ƕ ځύܫεኧᏵკԖ۳ѓୃ౽ޑᖿ༈Ƕ

(2)ᔠຎ 2 ಔচኧᏵᆶځ 2 ԛ൪ӝБำԄޑᜢ߯ک 2 ಔচኧᏵϐ໔ޑৡ౦

ᔠຎ 10 ಔচኧᏵᗺύৡ౦നεޑ 2 ಔǴځӚԾޑ 2 చ൪ӝБำԄᆶځচኧᏵ ޑᜢ߯ӵკ 5-11Ƕ2 ಔচኧᏵӧ 0.1 N ڙΚΠǴՏ࿼ৡࣁ 0.75 mmǴΨж߄๱ଆۈ ኧᏵៜᔈനεୃ౽ࣁ 0.75 mmǴځύӢচኧᏵԔጕᚹϲၨזǴ܌а൪ӝБำԄଆۈ ᆄ٤༾ᙋଆǶ

10చ൪ӝБำԄӵკ 5-12Ǵځ࣬ᜢ܄ࣣ > 0.9 ኧॶӵ߄ 5-5 ܌ҢǶ10 చ 2 ԛ БำԄ໔ᗨԖ٤༾ޑৡ౦Ǵՠεठ΢ᖿ༈΋ठǶीᆉӧ੝ۓڙΚΠ܌ჹᔈޑՏ࿼

኱ྗৡ σǴᕴӅ૸ፕ 10 ঁ੝ۓڙΚǴځύӢࣁ൪ӝБำԄଆۈᆄԖั༾Ѩ੿όၻ

૸ፕǴࡺவڙΚ 0.3 Nɴ4.5 N ໒ۈϩ݋ǴᕴӅ૸ፕ 10 ঁ੝ۓڙΚǴᒿ๱಻ख़ϡ܍

ڙޑΚໆຫεځՏ࿼኱ྗৡࣁ 0.139 mm< σ <0.229 mmǴໆෳ௖ᓐՏ࿼ࣁ 11.234 mmɴ16.388 mm ӵ߄ 5-6 ܌ҢǶ

(4)ЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃޑখ܄ᆶখ܄ᡂϯ౗Ƕ

10చ൪ӝ 2 ԛБำԄ೿଺΋ԛ༾ϩǴځ 1 ԛБำԄӵკ 5-13 ኧॶӵ߄ 5-9 ܌ ҢǶவკύёޕЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃڙډ௖ᓐࡼᓸӧ 0.1 Nɴ5 ̊ڙΚ୔໔Ǵ؂ԛໆ

ෳϐখ܄வ 0 N/mm΢ϲԿ 1.6 N/mmǴЪ 10 ԛໆෳ໔খ܄ᡂϯ౗ϟܭ 0.200 N/mm² ɴ0.268 N/mm²ӵ߄ 5-9 ܌ҢǶ

5.2.3 غҜ೬ಔᙃ

ᆶ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃ࣬ӕচӢΠǴᘏڗ 0.1 Nɴ5 N Ԝ୔ࢤ଺ࣁЬाϩ݋ޑ୔ࢤǴ ٠Ъ௖ᓐڙΚவ 0.1 Nɴ5 N ܌࿶ᐕޑ຾๏Տ౽ѳ֡ࣁ 13 mmǴК߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃǵ ΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃӭǴΨж߄Ԝ೽Տ೬ಔᙃޑখ܄ၨ߻ٿޣեǴԜ่݀Ψ಄ӝךॺޑ ႣයǴӵკ 5-14ǴځύܫεኧᏵკኧᏵ۳ѓୃ౽ܴᡉǴࢂڙډԼԺޑᗹቸ܄ቹៜǶ

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(2)ᔠᔠຎ 2 ಔচኧᏵᆶځ 2 ԛ൪ӝБำԄޑᜢ߯ک 2 ಔচኧᏵϐ໔ޑৡ౦

ᔠຎ 10 ಔচኧᏵᗺύৡ౦നεޑ 2 ಔǴځӚԾޑ 2 చ൪ӝБำԄᆶځচኧᏵ ޑᜢ߯ӵკ 5-15Ƕ2 ಔচኧᏵӧ 0.1 N ڙΚΠǴՏ࿼ৡᖿ߈ܭ 0 mmǴځύӢࣁচ ኧᏵԔጕᚹϲၨѳ጗Ǵ܌а൪ӝ 2 ԛБำԄޑଆۈᆄคᙋଆǶ

10చ൪ӝБำԄӵკ 5-16Ǵځ࣬ᜢ܄ࣣ >0.93 ኧॶӵ߄ 5-7 ܌ҢǶว౜ 10 చ 2ԛБำԄନಃ 1 ಔԖ٤༾ޑৡ౦Ǵεठ΢ᖿ༈΋ठǶीᆉӧ੝ۓڙΚΠ܌ჹᔈޑ Տ࿼኱ྗৡ σ ᆶ௖ᓐՏ࿼ǴவڙΚ 0.2 Nɴ4.5 N ໒ۈϩ݋ǴᕴӅ૸ፕ 10 ঁ੝ۓڙ ΚǴᒿ๱಻ख़ϡ܍ڙޑΚໆຫεځՏ࿼኱ྗৡࣁ 0.127 mm< σ <0.488 mmǴໆෳ௖

ᓐՏ࿼ࣁ 3.646 mmɴ16.215 mm ӵ߄ 5-8 ܌ҢǶ (4)غҜ೬ಔᙃޑখ܄ᆶখ܄ᡂϯ౗Ƕ

10చ൪ӝ 2 ԛБำԄ೿଺΋ԛ༾ϩǴځ 1 ԛБำԄӵკ 5-17 ኧॶӵ߄ 5-9 ܌ ҢǶவკύёޕغҜ೬ಔᙃڙډ௖ᓐࡼᓸǴӧ 0.1 Nɴ5 ̊ڙΚ୔໔Ǵ؂ԛໆෳϐ খ܄வ 0 (N/mm)΢ϲԿ 0.75 (N/mm)ǴЪ 10 ԛໆෳ໔খ܄ᡂϯ౗ϟܭ 0.046 N/mm² ɴ0.057 N/mm²ӵ߄ 5-9 ܌ҢǶ

5.3 س಍ໆෳ೬ಔᙃϐ૸ፕ

٩ྣ 5.2Ǵჹόӕ೽Տϐໆෳ่݀Ьाගр 2 ᗺှញ:(1)ӭԛೱុໆෳΠǴଆ ۈኧᏵۯᒨޑচӢ(2)ೱុӭԛໆෳΠǴჹখ܄ᆶখ܄ᡂϯ౗ޑቹៜǶനࡕᕴӝԼ Ժໆෳޑ่݀Ǵ૸ፕჹ ASIS ۓՏޑቹៜǶ

5.3.1 ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃϐ૸ፕ

ճҔ LabVIEW ำԄ൪ӝޑ 10 చڙΚᆶՏ౽ޑᜢ߯БำԄᆶচኧᏵ࣬ᜢ܄ࣣ

> 0.95ǶаԜ 10 చ൪ӝБำԄࣁ୷ᘵǴϩ݋߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃ 10 ԛೱុໆෳǴӧόӕ ԛໆෳ໔ǴځଆۈኧᏵޑ X ືୃ౽ໆനεԖ 0.7 mmǴ௢ෳࢂӢࣁ೬ಔᙃӧϸᙟࡼ

ᓸΠǴ׎ԋпഐؒԖଭ΢ӣቸǴ܌аΠ΋ԛໆෳਔޑኧॶៜᔈ཮ۯᒨǴջ೬ಔᙃ ޑᗹቸ܄፦(2.3)೷ԋޑǶ

10ԛኧᏵᒿ๱ڙΚᡂεǴځ኱ྗৡᡂϯࣁ 0.077 mm< σ <0.158 mmǴӢԜ௢ᘐ ӭԛໆෳԜ೽Տӕ΋ঁᗺ܌ளډޑኧᏵځখ܄ᖿ༈ࢂ࣬߈ޑǶϩ݋ኧᏵளډ߻Ћ ᖉ೬ಔᙃӧڙΚ 0 Nɴ5 N ය໔Ǵখ܄ᡂϯ౗നεॶࣁ 0.119 N/mm²ǴаԜ่݀ᆶ

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5.3.2 Ћ ЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃϐ૸ፕ

> 0.9ǶаԜ 10 చ൪ӝБำԄࣁ୷ᘵǴϩ݋ЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃ 10 ԛೱុໆෳǴӧ όӕԛໆෳ໔ǴځଆۈኧᏵޑ X ືୃ౽ໆനεԖ 0.75 mmǴ௢ෳΨࢂӢࣁԼԺޑ ᗹቸ܄፦೷ԋޑǶ

10ԛኧᏵᒿ๱ڙΚᡂεǴځ኱ྗৡᡂϯࣁ 0.139 mm< σ <0.229 mmǴӢԜ௢ᘐ ӭԛໆෳԜ೽Տӕ΋ঁᗺ܌ளډޑኧᏵځখ܄ᖿ༈ࢂ࣬߈ޑǶϩ݋ኧᏵਔளډЋ ᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃӧڙΚ 0 Nɴ5 N ය໔Ǵখ܄ᡂϯ౗നεॶࣁ 0.268 N/mm²ǶќѦ ЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃӧᖏ׉ϩᒣ΢Ǵ೬ฯำࡋၨ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃౣଯǴԜኧᏵϩ݋่

݀ΨЍ࡭Ԝ౜ຝ

5.3.3 غҜ೬ಔᙃϐ૸ፕ

> 0.92ǶаԜ 10 చ൪ӝБำԄࣁ୷ᘵǴϩ݋غҜ೬ಔᙃ 10 ԛೱុໆෳǴόӕԛໆ

ෳ໔ǴځଆۈኧᏵޑ X ືୃ౽ໆᖿ߈ܭ 0 mmǴܴᡉեܭ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃᆶЋᖉΒᓐ Լ೬ಔᙃǴ௢ෳࢂӢࣁԜ೽ՏڙډϸᙟࡪᓸΠǴ೬ಔᙃёаזೲӣቸǴಔᙃпഐ

ၨᇸ༾Ǵ܌аΠ΋ԛໆෳޑଆۈኧॶៜᔈۯᒨ௃ݩᇸ༾Ƕ

10ԛኧᏵᒿ๱ڙΚᡂεǴځ኱ྗৡᡂϯࣁ 0.127 mm< σ <0.488 mmǴ߃؁௢ෳ

ӭԛໆෳϐኧᏵځখ܄ᖿ༈࣬߈Ǵՠ࣬ၨܭ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃᆶЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃǴ 10 ಔኧᏵ໔ޑখ܄ৡ౦ܴᡉᡂεǶ٠Ъখ܄ᆶখ܄ᡂϯ౗Ԗሀ෧ޑᖿ༈Ǵ೷ԋԜ

౜ຝǴ௢ෳࢂӢࣁԜ೽ՏޑિެቫၨࠆǴϸᙟࡪᓸΠǴעિެቫ܈Нϩ௢ᔒԿѤ ڬǴ೷ԋখ܄ᆶখ܄ᡂϯ౗ᒿ๱ϸᙟࡪᓸӭԛԶफ़եǴځύΞаಃ 1 ಔޑኧᏵᆶ ځд 9 ಔৡ౦നεǶ

ϩ݋ኧᏵਔளډغҜ೬ಔᙃӧڙΚ 0 Nɴ5 N ය໔Ǵখ܄ᡂϯ౗നεॶࣁ 0.057 N/mm²ǴܴᡉղᘐغҜ೬ಔᙃޑখ܄ᡂϯ౗ᕴᡏեܭ߻ٿ೽ՏǶ

5.3.4 ԼԺ೬ಔᙃᕴ૸ፕ

όӕ೽ՏޑԼԺ೬ಔᙃӧӭԛໆෳΠǴଆۈϐኧॶៜᔈ཮Ӣࣁ೬ಔᙃӣቸރ ݩόӕԶԖόӕำࡋޑۯᒨǴՠࢂԜۯᒨ೷ԋޑቹៜߚத༾λǴΞӢࣁԼԺ٠ߚ

ֹӄቸ܄ᡏǴ܌аখ܄ᆶখ܄ᡂϯ౗Ψ཮ᒿ๱ӭԛໆෳΠԶԖ٤फ़եޑ௃׎Ǵа

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ໆෳǴஒӧ 5.4ǵ5.5 ճҔ 5 ᅿڗኬБԄٰϩ݋᛾ܴǶ

ໆෳغҜ೬ಔᙃਔǴ௖ᓐڙΚவ 0 Nɴ4 N ሡᓸᕭ೬ಔᙃԿϿ 14 mmǴӢࣁ ASISѦቫಔԋЬाࣁغҜ೬ಔᙃǴаԜ่݀ёа଺ঁεᖌޑଷ೛Ǵঃऩໆෳਔᓸ ᕭ೬ಔᙃుࡋλܭ 14mm ڙΚ൩ၲ 4NǴջղۓ௖ᓐ࿘ډখ܄ଯޑମᓐǶ

5.4 Anterior superior iliac spine(ASIS) ϐ ϐۓՏϩ݋่݀

ᕴӅໆෳ 6 ՏԾᜫޣǴ܄ձࣣࣁت܄Ǵԃសϟܭ 23~25ǴᡏᄊԖ҅தԖޥऔǴ BMI ኧॶӵ߄ 5-10Ƕϩձӧໆෳᡏي΢଺ 5X5 Бତ૶ဦᗺǴӅ 25 ঁᗺǴ٠٩ྣ

კ 4-9 ޑጓဦБԄǴҗѰԿѓҗ΢ԿΠ٩ׇጓဦ 1ɴ25 ঁໆෳᗺǴ؂ঁᗺࣣೱុໆ

ෳ 10 ԛᕴӅ 250 ಔၗ਑Ƕϩ݋ྗ߾ϩࣁٿᜪ:(1)খ܄ᡂϯ౗ϩ݋:аϖᅿڗኬБԄ ϩձ૸ፕ 2 ᅿڙΚ୔ࢤΠޑኧॶៜᔈǴ٠ฝрӚԾޑ 3D Ԕय़(2)Z ື๊ჹՏ࿼ϩ݋:

аϖᅿڗኬБԄϩձ૸ፕ 2 ᅿ੝ۓڙΚΠޑኧॶៜᔈǴ٠ฝрӚԾޑ 3D Ԕय़Ƕ᠐ კਔǴځ 3D Ԕय़ύኧॶຫଯຫϸқǶ

5.4.1 ໆෳᡏ 1 ဦ

ᡏᄊӧ҅தጄൎǴBMI ࣁ 21.6 kg/m²Ƕӧటෳ ASIS ೽Տа 5 mm ࣁ໔႖଺ 5X5 Бତ૶ဦӅ 25 ঁໆෳᗺӵკ 5-18Ƕ

খ܄ᡂϯ౗ϩ݋:

(1)ϩձճҔݤ΋ɴݤϖǴϖᅿڗኬБԄ(4.3.3 Ԗ၁ಒޑ૸ፕ)ϩ݋ 0.1 Nɴ1 N ڙΚ୔ࢤӵკ 5-20ǶϖᅿڗኬБݤฝрޑ 3D Ԕय़Ǵკ׎ঢ়ॶϩձပӧጓဦ 1ǵ 7ǵ6ǵ7ǵ6Ƕ

(2)ϩձճҔݤ΋ɴݤϖǴϖᅿڗኬБԄϩ݋ 1 Nɴ2 N ڙΚ୔ࢤӵკ 5-21Ƕϖ ᅿڗኬБݤฝрޑ 3D Ԕय़Ǵკ׎ঢ়ॶϩձပӧጓဦ 2ǵ7ǵ7ǵ11ǵ7Ƕ

Zື๊ჹՏ࿼ϩ݋:

(1)ϩձճҔݤ΋ɴݤϖǴϖᅿڗኬБԄϩ݋ӧ 0.2 N Ԝ੝ۓڙΚΠ௖ᓐ Z ື๊

ჹՏ࿼ӵკ 5-22ǶϖᅿڗኬБݤฝрޑ 3D Ԕय़Ǵკ׎ঢ়ॶϩձပӧጓဦ 17ǵ 17ǵ17ǵ12ǵ12Ƕ

(2)ϩձճҔݤ΋ɴݤϖǴϖᅿڗኬБԄϩ݋ӧ 4 N Ԝ੝ۓڙΚΠ௖ᓐ Z ື๊

ჹՏ࿼ӵკ 5-23Ƕ௖ᓐڙΚவ 0 Nɴ4 N ᕭᓸᕭޑ೬ಔᙃుࡋեܭ 14 mmǴϖ ᅿڗኬБݤฝрޑ 3D Ԕय़Ǵკ׎ঢ়ॶϩձပӧጓဦ 6ǵ12ǵ12ǵ12ǵ12Ƕ

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5.4.2 ໆ ໆෳᡏ 2 ဦ

খ܄ᡂϯ౗ϩ݋:

(1)ϩձճҔݤ΋ɴݤϖǴϖᅿڗኬБԄϩ݋ 0.1 Nɴ1 N ڙΚ୔ࢤӵკ 5-24Ƕ ϖᅿڗኬБݤฝрޑ 3D Ԕय़Ǵკ׎ঢ়ॶϩձပӧጓဦ 1ǵ7ǵ6ǵ2ǵ7Ƕ (2)ϩձճҔݤ΋ɴݤϖǴϖᅿڗኬБԄϩ݋ 1 Nɴ2 N ڙΚ୔ࢤӵკ 5-25Ƕϖ ᅿڗኬБݤฝрޑ 3D Ԕय़Ǵკ׎ঢ়ॶϩձပӧጓဦ 3ǵ2ǵ11ǵ6ǵ9Ƕ

ჹՏ࿼ӵკ 5-26ǶϖᅿڗኬБݤฝрޑ 3D Ԕय़Ǵკ׎ঢ়ॶϩձပӧጓဦ 6ǵ9ǵ 17ǵ6ǵ11Ƕ

5.4.3 ໆෳᡏ 3 ဦ

খ܄ᡂϯ౗ϩ݋:

ჹՏ࿼ӵკ 5-31Ƕ௖ᓐڙΚவ 0 Nɴ4 N ᕭᓸᕭޑ೬ಔᙃుࡋեܭ 14 mmǴϖ

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ᅿڗኬБݤฝрޑ 3D Ԕय़Ǵკ׎ঢ়ॶϩձပӧጓဦ 18ǵ19ǵ18ǵ19ǵ19Ƕ

5.4.4 ໆ ໆෳᡏ 4 ဦ

ᡏᄊᇸࡋޥऔǴBMI ࣁ 25.6 kg/m²Ƕӧటෳ ASIS ೽Տа 5 mm ࣁ໔႖଺ 5X5 Бତ૶ဦӅ 25 ঁໆෳᗺӵკ 5-19Ƕ

খ܄ᡂϯ౗ϩ݋:

(1)ϩձճҔݤ΋ɴݤϖǴϖᅿڗኬБԄϩ݋ӧ 0.2N Ԝ੝ۓڙΚΠ௖ᓐ Z ື๊

5.4.5 ໆෳᡏ 5 ဦ

ᡏᄊᇸࡋޥऔǴBMI ࣁ 26.7 kg/m²Ƕӧటෳ ASIS ೽Տа 5 mm ࣁ໔႖଺ 5X5 Бତ૶ဦӅ 25 ঁໆෳᗺӵკ 5-19Ƕ

খ܄ᡂϯ౗ϩ݋:

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ჹՏ࿼ӵკ 5-39Ƕ௖ᓐڙΚவ 0 Nɴ4 N ᕭᓸᕭޑ೬ಔᙃుࡋեܭ 14 mmǴϖ ᅿڗኬБݤฝрޑ 3D Ԕय़Ǵკ׎ঢ়ॶϩձပӧጓဦ 8ǵคǵ8ǵ8ǵ8Ƕ

5.4.6 ໆ ໆෳᡏ 6 ဦ

ᡏᄊύࡋޥऔǴBMI ࣁ 28.2 kg/m²Ƕӧటෳ ASIS ೽Տа 5 mm ࣁ໔႖଺ 5X5 Бତ૶ဦӅ 25 ঁໆෳᗺӵკ 5-19Ƕ

খ܄ᡂϯ౗ϩ݋:

5.5 ASIS ۓՏϩ݋ᆕӝ૸ፕ

வ 5.4 ޑໆෳ่݀Ǵ٩Ᏽ੿ჴ௃ݩǴჹ؂ঁໆෳᡏϩձ૸ፕ(1)ന٫ޑڗኬБԄǶ (2)Ԗਏޑղᘐྗ߾Ƕ(3)፾ӝϩ݋ޑڙΚ୔ࢤǶ٠ӧനࡕᕴ่ 6 ঁໆෳᡏǴפډന

٫ޑڗኬБݤǵղᘐྗ߾ǵڙΚ୔ࢤǴᡣךॺ׳ԖਏЪྗዴޑۓՏ ASISǶ

5.5.1 ໆෳᡏ 1 ဦໆෳ่݀૸ፕ

ໆෳᡏ 1 ဦᡏࠠύ฻ǴӧໆෳБତ 25 ঁໆෳᗺӧϖᅿڗኬБԄϐΠٰϩ݋Ǵ 0.1 Nɴ1 N ԜڙΚ୔ࢤখ܄ᡂϯ౗ঢ়ॶวғޑᗺᗨฅόᅰ࣬ӕǴࠅёаᘜયрখ

܄ᡂϯ౗ঢ়ॶ೿ࢂပӧໆෳБତϐύѰ΢فጓဦ 1ǵ6ǵ7 ܌஭໒ޑጄൎǴԜλ୔

ୱΨ൩ࢂ೬ಔᙃനᖓޑ୔ୱǴՠԜ୔ୱࠅୃᚆ᝻ບਔᇡۓ ASIS(ጓဦ 13)Ƕӧ 1N ɴ2N ԜڙΚ୔ࢤখ܄ᡂϯ౗ঢ়ॶวғޑᗺᖿܭϩණǴคݤᘜય೬ಔᙃനᖓϐጄ ൎǶ

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Zື๊ჹՏ࿼ϩ݋ǴϖᅿڗኬБԄӧڙΚ 0.2 N ϐΠǴନΑಃΒᅿڗኬБݤа ѦǴќѦѤᅿڗኬБݤฝрޑ 3D Ԕय़Ѧᄂ΋ठǴځനँᗺวғӧٿঁ࣬ᎃޑጓဦ 17ǵ12ǴӢࣁ่݀ᆶ౜ჴ௃ݩ֍ӝǴӢԜᇡۓ೭΋ठޑ 3D Ԕय़൩ࢂໆෳᡏ 1 ဦޑ ໆෳ୔ୱ߄ቫ೬ಔᙃޑѦᄂǶ

Zື๊ჹՏ࿼ϩ݋ǴЇҔ 5.3.4 ϐଷ೛ٰղᘐϖᅿڗኬБԄӧڙΚ 4 N ϐΠǴ ନΑಃ΋ᅿڗኬБݤаѦǴќѦѤᅿڗኬБݤฝрޑ 3D Ԕय़ߚத΋ठǴࣣӧጓဦ 12നँрǴ٠Ъᆶ᝻ບᇡۓޑ ASIS(ጓဦ 13)Տ࿼ௗ߈ǴӢԜ௢ᘐԜ΋ठޑ 3D Ԕ य़൩ࢂໆෳᡏ 1 ဦޑໆෳ୔ୱ೬ಔᙃϣ ASIS ڬൎମᓐޑޑѦᄂǴໆෳᗺ 12 ޑՏ

࿼൩ࢂໆෳۓՏрޑ ASISǴᆶ᝻ບۓՏޑ ASIS നεᇤৡࣁ 5 mmǶ

5.5.2 ໆ ໆෳᡏ 2 ဦໆෳ่݀૸ፕ

ໆෳᡏ 2 ဦᡏࠠύ฻ǴӧໆෳБତ 25 ঁໆෳᗺӧϖᅿڗኬБԄϐΠٰϩ݋Ǵ 0.1 Nɴ1 N ԜڙΚ୔ࢤখ܄ᡂϯ౗่݀ᆶໆෳᡏ 1 ဦ࣬߈Ǵёᘜયখ܄ᡂϯ౗ঢ় ॶࣣပӧໆෳБତϐύѰ΢فጓဦ 1ǵ2ǵ6ǵ7 ܌஭໒ޑጄൎǴԜλ୔ୱΨ൩ࢂ೬ ಔᙃനᖓޑ୔ୱǴՠԜ୔ୱ٩ᙑୃᚆ᝻ບਔᇡۓ ASIS(ጓဦ 13)Ƕӧ 1 Nɴ2 N Ԝڙ Κ୔ࢤখ܄ᡂϯ౗ঢ়ॶวғޑᗺᖿܭϩණǴคݤᘜય೬ಔᙃനᖓϐጄൎǶ

Zື๊ჹՏ࿼ϩ݋ǴϖᅿڗኬБԄӧڙΚ 0.2 N ϐΠǴว౜ಃ΋ᅿᆶಃѤᅿБ ݤёаளډ΋ठޑ 3D Ԕय़Ǵ٠Ъᆶ౜ჴ௃ݩ֍ӝǴځനँᗺӧጓဦ 6ǴӢԜᇡۓ ೭΋ठޑ 3D Ԕय़൩ࢂໆෳᡏ 2 ဦޑໆෳ୔ୱ߄ቫ೬ಔᙃޑѦᄂǶ

Zື๊ჹՏ࿼ϩ݋ǴϖᅿڗኬБԄӧڙΚ 4 N ϐΠǴନΑಃ΋ᅿڗኬБݤаѦǴ ќѦѤᅿڗኬБݤฝрޑ 3D Ԕय़΋ठǴᗨฅനँᗺ٠ߚӕ΋ᗺǴՠࢂёаᘜયр നँᗺပӧໆෳᗺ 7ǵ8ǵ12 ܌ൎрޑλ୔ୱϣǴᆶ᝻ບᇡۓޑ ASIS(ጓဦ 13)Տ࿼

ௗ߈ǴӢԜ௢ᘐԜ΋ठޑ 3D Ԕय़൩ࢂໆෳᡏ 2 ဦޑໆෳ୔ୱ೬ಔᙃϣ ASIS ڬൎ ମᓐޑޑѦᄂǴASIS ޑՏ࿼൩ӧ 7ǵ8ǵ12 ൎрޑλ୔ୱϣǴᆶ᝻ບۓՏޑ ASIS നεᇤৡ 5 mmǶ

5.5.3 ໆෳᡏ 3 ဦໆෳ่݀૸ፕ

ໆෳᡏ 3 ဦᡏࠠύ฻ǴӧໆෳБତ 25 ঁໆෳᗺӧϖᅿڗኬБԄϐΠٰϩ݋Ǵ 0.1 Nɴ1 N ԜڙΚ୔ࢤখ܄ᡂϯ౗ӧڗኬБݤ΋ɴБݤΟԖ΋ठޑখ܄ᡂϯ౗ঢ় ॶပӧጓဦ 1ǴӧڗኬБݤѤǵБݤϖޑখ܄ᡂϯ౗ঢ়ॶ߾ࢂပӧጓဦ 13 ጓဦ 8

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Ъځύ΋ঁ୔ୱၟ᝻ບਔᇡۓޑ ASIS(ጓဦ 13)Ԗख़᠄Ƕӧ 1 Nɴ2 N ԜڙΚ୔ࢤখ

܄ᡂϯ౗ঢ়ॶวғޑᗺᖿܭϩණǴคݤᘜય೬ಔᙃനᖓϐጄൎǶ

Zື๊ჹՏ࿼ϩ݋ǴϖᅿڗኬБԄӧڙΚ 0.2 N ϐΠǴว౜ಃ΋ᅿᆶಃѤᅿБ ݤёаளډ΋ठޑ 3D Ԕय़Ǵ٠Ъᆶ౜ჴ௃ݩ֍ӝǴځനँᗺӧጓဦ 19ǴӢԜᇡ ۓ೭΋ठޑ 3D Ԕय़൩ࢂໆෳᡏ 3 ဦޑໆෳ୔ୱ߄ቫ೬ಔᙃޑѦᄂǶ

Zື๊ჹՏ࿼ϩ݋ǴϖᅿڗኬБԄӧڙΚ 4 N ϐΠǴନΑಃ΋ᅿڗኬБݤᆶಃ

ΟᅿБݤаѦǴќѦΟᅿڗኬБݤฝрޑ 3D Ԕय़΋ठǴ٠Ъനँᗺ΋ठǴࣣӧጓ ဦ 19 നँрǴ٠Ъᆶ᝻ບᇡۓޑ ASIS(ጓဦ 13)Տ࿼ௗ߈ǴӢԜ௢ᘐԜ΋ठޑ 3D Ԕय़൩ࢂໆෳᡏ 3 ဦޑໆෳ୔ୱ೬ಔᙃϣ ASIS ڬൎମᓐޑޑѦᄂǴໆෳᗺ 19 ޑ Տ࿼൩ࢂໆෳۓՏрޑ ASISǴᆶ᝻ບۓՏޑ ASIS നεᇤৡࣁ 5 mmǶ

5.5.4 ໆ ໆෳᡏ 4 ဦໆෳ่݀૸ፕ

ໆෳᡏ 4 ဦᡏࠠୃऔǴӧໆෳБତ 25 ঁໆෳᗺӧϖᅿڗኬБԄϐΠٰϩ݋Ǵ 0.1 Nɴ1 N ԜڙΚ୔ࢤখ܄ᡂϯ౗ঢ়ॶࣣပӧጓဦ 2ǴӢԜղۓጓဦ 2 ߕ߈ջࣁ೬ ಔᙃനᖓޑ୔ୱǴՠୃᚆ᝻ບਔᇡۓ ASIS(ጓဦ 13)Ƕӧ 1 Nɴ2 N ԜڙΚ୔ࢤখ܄

ᡂϯ౗ঢ়ॶวғޑᗺᖿܭϩණǴคݤᘜય೬ಔᙃനᖓϐጄൎǶ

Zື๊ჹՏ࿼ϩ݋ǴϖᅿڗኬБԄӧڙΚ 0.2 N ϐΠǴว౜ಃ΋ᅿǵಃѤᅿᆶ

ಃϖᅿБݤёаளډ΋ठޑ 3D Ԕय़Ǵ٠Ъᆶ౜ჴ௃ݩ֍ӝǴᗨฅനँᗺ٠ߚӕ΋

ᗺǴՠځനँᗺပӧጓဦ࣬ᎃ 19ǵ20 ٿᗺǴӢԜᇡۓԜ 3D Ԕय़൩ࢂໆෳᡏ 4 ဦ ޑໆෳ୔ୱ߄ቫ೬ಔᙃޑѦᄂǶ

Zື๊ჹՏ࿼ϩ݋ǴϖᅿڗኬБԄӧڙΚ 4 N ϐΠǴନΑಃΟᅿڗኬБݤаѦǴ ќѦѤᅿڗኬБݤฝрޑ 3D Ԕय़΋ठǴ٠Ъനँᗺ΋ठǴࣣӧጓဦ 13 നँрǴ ٠Ъᆶ᝻ບᇡۓޑ ASIS(ጓဦ 13)Տ࿼΋ठǴӢԜ௢ᘐԜ΋ठޑ 3D Ԕय़൩ࢂໆෳ

ᡏ 4 ဦޑໆෳ୔ୱ೬ಔᙃϣ ASIS ڬൎମᓐޑޑѦᄂǴໆෳᗺ 13 ޑՏ࿼൩ࢂໆෳ

ۓՏрޑ ASISǴᆶ᝻ບۓՏޑ ASIS ֍ӝǶ

5.5.5 ໆෳᡏ 5 ဦໆෳ่݀૸ፕ

ໆෳᡏ 5 ဦᡏࠠୃऔǴӧໆෳБତ 25 ঁໆෳᗺӧϖᅿڗኬБԄϐΠٰϩ݋Ǵ 0.1 Nɴ1 N ԜڙΚ୔ࢤখ܄ᡂϯ౗ঢ়ॶεठပӧጓဦ 12ǵ17ǵ22 ޑೱጕ΢ǴӢԜ ղۓԜ୔ୱࣁ೬ಔᙃനᖓޑᗺǴՠ٩ᙑୃᚆ᝻ບਔᇡۓ ASIS(ጓဦ 13)Ƕӧ 1 Nɴ2 NԜڙΚ୔ࢤখ܄ᡂϯ౗ঢ়ॶวғޑᗺᖿܭϩණǴคݤᘜય೬ಔᙃനᖓϐጄൎǶ

(51)

Zື๊ჹՏ࿼ϩ݋ǴϖᅿڗኬБԄӧڙΚ 0.2 N ϐΠǴว౜ಃ΋ᅿǵಃѤᅿᆶ ёаளډ΋ठޑ 3D Ԕय़Ǵ٠Ъᆶ౜ჴ௃ݩ֍ӝǴځനँᗺပӧጓဦ 23ǴӢԜᇡ ۓԜ 3D Ԕय़൩ࢂໆෳᡏ 5 ဦޑໆෳ୔ୱ߄ቫ೬ಔᙃޑѦᄂǶ

Zື๊ჹՏ࿼ϩ݋ǴϖᅿڗኬБԄӧڙΚ 4 N ϐΠǴନΑಃΒᅿڗኬБݤаѦǴ ќѦѤᅿڗኬБݤฝрޑ 3D Ԕय़΋ठǴ٠Ъനँᗺ΋ठǴࣣӧጓဦ 8 നँрǴ٠ Ъᆶ᝻ບᇡۓޑ ASIS(ጓဦ 13)Տ࿼ௗ߈ǴӢԜ௢ᘐԜ΋ठޑ 3D Ԕय़൩ࢂໆෳᡏ 5 ဦޑໆෳ୔ୱ೬ಔᙃϣ ASIS ڬൎମᓐޑޑѦᄂǴໆෳᗺ 8 ޑՏ࿼൩ࢂໆෳۓՏр ޑ ASISǴᆶ᝻ບۓՏޑ ASIS നεᇤৡࣁ 5 mmǶ

5.5.6 ໆ ໆෳᡏ 6 ဦໆෳ่݀૸ፕ

ໆෳᡏ 6 ဦᡏࠠୃऔǴӧໆෳБତ 25 ঁໆෳᗺӧϖᅿڗኬБԄϐΠٰϩ݋Ǵ 0.1 Nɴ1 N ԜڙΚ୔ࢤখ܄ᡂϯ౗ঢ়ॶεठပӧጓဦ 17ǵ21 ΢ǴӢԜղۓ၀ໆෳ

ᗺߕ߈୔ୱࣁ೬ಔᙃനᖓޑᗺǴՠୃᚆ᝻ບਔᇡۓ ASIS(ጓဦ 13)Ƕӧ 1 Nɴ2 N Ԝ ڙΚ୔ࢤখ܄ᡂϯ౗ঢ়ॶวғޑᗺᖿܭϩණǴคݤᘜય೬ಔᙃനᖓϐጄൎǶ

Zື๊ჹՏ࿼ϩ݋ǴϖᅿڗኬБԄӧڙΚ 0.2 N ϐΠǴว౜ϖᅿڗኬБݤࣣё аளډ΋ठޑ 3D Ԕय़Ǵ٠Ъᆶ౜ჴ௃ݩ֍ӝǴځനँᗺပӧጓဦ 12ǴӢԜᇡۓ Ԝ 3D Ԕय़൩ࢂໆෳᡏ 6 ဦޑໆෳ୔ୱ߄ቫ೬ಔᙃޑѦᄂǶ

Zື๊ჹՏ࿼ϩ݋ǴϖᅿڗኬБԄӧڙΚ 4 N ϐΠǴว౜ϖᅿڗኬБݤฝрޑ 3DԔय़΋ठǴ٠Ъനँᗺ΋ठǴࣣӧጓဦ 17 നँрǴ٠Ъᆶ᝻ບᇡۓޑ ASIS(ጓ ဦ 13)Տ࿼ௗ߈ǴӢԜ௢ᘐԜ΋ठޑ 3D Ԕय़൩ࢂໆෳᡏ 6 ဦޑໆෳ୔ୱ೬ಔᙃϣ ASISڬൎମᓐޑޑѦᄂǴໆෳᗺ 17 ޑՏ࿼൩ࢂໆෳۓՏрޑ ASISǴᆶ᝻ບۓՏ ޑ ASIS നεᇤৡࣁ 5 mmǶ

5.5.7 ASIS ϩ݋Бݤᘜય

வ 5.5.1ɴ5.5.6 ૸ፕύёаᘜયрǴӧϩ݋খ܄ᡂϯ౗Ԝղᘐྗ߾ᆶ Z ື๊ჹ Տ࿼ྗ߾ਔǴճҔڗኬБݤѤǴΨ൩ࢂ؂ঁໆෳᗺ 10 ಔኧᏵύޑಃ 1 ಔኧᏵٰϩ

݋ࢂനёߞޑǴӢࣁ؂ঁໆෳᗺޑಃ 1 ԛໆෳǴࢂ೬ಔᙃۘ҂೏ϸᙟࡪᓸၸޑኧ ᏵǴ྽೬ಔᙃ೏ࡪᓸၸࡕ܌ԏ໣ډޑኧᏵǴ཮ڙډԼԺޑᗹቸ܄ቹៜǴԶ٬ໆෳ

ډޑ೬ಔᙃখ܄ᡂϯ౗ᒿ๱ӭԛࡪᓸԶफ़եǴቚуղᘐޑᜤࡋǴԜ่݀Ψᆶ 5.3.4 ೬ಔᙃᕴ૸ፕ࣬ڥᔈǶ

(52)

ڗኬҁٰϩ݋ޑБݤΟΨό፾ӝǴڗಃ 2 ಔኬҁٰϩ݋ޑБݤϖΨό፾ӝǶ খ܄ᡂϯ౗Ԝղᘐྗ߾ճҔڗኬБݤѤӧ 0.1 Nɴ1 N ԜڙΚ୔ࢤǴёаໆෳр೬ ಔᙃനᖓޑ୔ୱǴՠคݤྗዴۓՏр ASISǴӢࣁᗨฅჹᡏᄊୃዧ܈ࢂύ฻ޑໆෳ

ᡏٰᇥǴASIS ёૈࢂ೬ಔᙃനᖓޑᗺǴՠࢂჹܭᡏᄊୃऔޑໆෳᡏٰᇥǴ೬ಔᙃ നᖓޑᗺ٠ό΋ۓࢂ ASISǶќѦǴϩ݋খ܄ᡂϯ౗ӧ 1 Nɴ2 N ԜڙΚ୔ࢤคݤள ډԖҔޑၗૻǶ

Zື๊ჹՏ࿼ϩ݋Ԝྗ߾ճҔڗኬБݤѤٰϩ݋ǴӧڙΚ 0.2 N ϐΠϩ݋Ǵё аฝрԼԺ߄ቫ೬ಔᙃޑѦᄂǹӧڙΚ 4 N ϐΠϩ݋Ǵёаฝр ASIS ڬൎମᓐޑ ѦᄂǴ٠ۓՏр ASISǶ

ӢԜঃऩ่ӝٿղᘐྗ߾Ǵߡёа׳уྗዴޑۓՏр ASISǴ٠ЪԜໆෳޑ ASISᆶ᝻ບۓՏޑ ASIS നεᇤৡࣁ 5 mmǶ

(53)

კ 5-1 ௖ᓐჹቸᘽ଺ൂԛໆෳவ߃ۈރᄊ࿶ᐕуǵڕၩය໔ϐڙΚՏ౽ᜢ߯კǶ Ѱ΢კж߄಻ख़ϡӧ߃ۈރᄊΠኧᏵޑၢ୏ጄൎࣁ±0.0075 NǶѓΠკж߄಻ख़ϡ

வуၩԿڕၩޑރᄊΠ X ືୃ౽ 0.1 mm

კ 5-2 ௖ᓐჹቸᘽ଺ 10 ԛໆෳځуၩ(0 Nɴ5 N)ය໔ϐڙΚՏ౽ᜢ߯კǶѰ΢კ ж߄಻ख़ϡӧ߃ۈރᄊΠኧᏵޑၢ୏ጄൎࣁ±0.01 NǶѓΠკж߄಻ख़ϡ 10 ԛໆෳ

໔ X ືୃ౽ 0.15 mm

(54)

კ 5-3 10 చ൪ӝБำԄӧ࣬ӕڙΚΠჹᔈόӕޑՏ࿼Ңཀკ(ѝ߄Ңрځύ ٿঁڙΚ)

კ 5-4 Տ౽ी߃ۈރᄊΠϐᓎ᛼კ

(55)

კ 5-5 ಻ख़ϡ߃ۈރᄊΠϐᓎ᛼კ

კ 5-6 ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃೱុ 10 ԛໆෳவуǵڕၩϐڙΚՏ౽ᜢ߯კǶѰ΢კࣁ 10 ԛໆෳளډޑуၩ(0 Nɴ5 N)ڙΚՏ౽ᜢ߯კ

(56)

კ 5-7 ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃύ 2 ಔ 0.1 Nɴ5 N ୔ࢤচኧᏵᆶ࣬ᔈޑ൪ӝБำԄǴ2 ಔኧᏵ ໔Ӣ೬ಔᙃޑᗹቸ܄ǴԖ۳ѓୃ౽ޑᖿ༈Ǵୃ౽ໆࣁ 0.7 mmǶѰ΢კࣁځύ 1 ಔ

চኧᏵᗺᆶځ൪ӝБำԄӧଆۈᆄѨ੿ޑܫεკ

კ 5-8 ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃ 10 చ൪ӝ 2 ԛБำԄӧ੝ۓڙΚΠՏ࿼ޑϩѲҢཀკ

(57)

კ 5-9 ߻Ћᖉ೬ಔᙃ 10 ಔ൪ӝ 2 ԛБำԄϐ 1 ԛ༾ϩკǴY ືࣁখ܄

კ 5-10 ЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃೱុ 10 ԛໆෳவуǵڕၩϐڙΚՏ౽ᜢ߯კǶѰ΢კࣁ 10ԛໆෳளډޑуၩ(0 Nɴ5 N)ڙΚՏ౽ᜢ߯კ

(58)

კ 5-11 ЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃύ 2 ಔ 0.1 Nɴ5 N ୔ࢤচኧᏵᆶ࣬ᔈޑ൪ӝБำԄǴ2 ಔኧᏵ໔Ӣ೬ಔᙃޑᗹቸ܄ǴԖ۳ѓୃ౽ޑᖿ༈Ǵୃ౽ໆࣁ 0.75 mmǶѰ΢კࣁځ

ύ 1 ಔচኧᏵᗺᆶځ൪ӝБำԄӧଆۈᆄѨ੿ޑܫεკ

კ 5-12 ЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃ 10 చ൪ӝ 2 ԛБำԄӧ੝ۓڙΚΠՏ࿼ޑϩѲҢཀკ

(59)

კ 5-13 ЋᖉΒᓐԼ೬ಔᙃ 10 ಔ൪ӝ 2 ԛБำԄϐ 1 ԛ༾ϩკǴY ືࣁখ܄

კ 5-14 غҜ೬ಔᙃೱុ 10 ԛໆෳவуǵڕၩϐڙΚՏ౽ᜢ߯კǶѰ΢კࣁ 10 ԛ ໆෳளډޑуၩ(0 Nɴ5 N)ڙΚՏ౽ᜢ߯კ

(60)

კ 5-15 غҜ೬ಔᙃύ 2 ಔ 0.1 Nɴ5 N ୔ࢤচኧᏵᆶ࣬ᔈޑ൪ӝБำԄǴ2 ಔኧᏵ ໔ޑୃ౽ໆᖿ߈ܭ 0 mmǶѰ΢კࣁځύ 1 ಔচኧᏵᗺᆶځ൪ӝБำԄӧଆۈᆄܫ

εკ

კ 5-16 غҜ೬ಔᙃ 10 చ൪ӝ 2 ԛБำԄӧ੝ۓڙΚΠՏ࿼ޑϩѲҢཀკ

(61)

კ 5-17 غҜ೬ಔᙃ 10 ಔ൪ӝ 2 ԛБำԄϐ 1 ԛ༾ϩკǴY ືࣁখ܄

(62)

კ 5-18 ᡏᄊύ฻ޑໆෳᡏ 5X5 Бତ૶ဦ

ໆෳᡏ 1 ဦ ໆෳᡏ 2 ဦ

ໆෳᡏ 3 ဦ

(63)

კ 5-19 ᡏᄊୃऔޑໆෳᡏ 5X5 Бତ૶ဦ

ໆෳᡏ 4 ဦ ໆෳᡏ 5 ဦ

ໆෳᡏ 6 ဦ

(64)

კ 5-20 ໆෳᡏ 1 ဦӧ 0.1 Nɴ1 N ڙΚ୔ࢤаখ܄࣬ჹᡂϯ౗ࣁ Z ືฝკ

Бݤ΋ БݤΒ

БݤΟ БݤѤ

Бݤϖ

(65)

კ 5-21 ໆෳᡏ 1 ဦӧ 1 Nɴ2 N ڙΚ୔ࢤаখ܄࣬ჹᡂϯ౗ࣁ Z ືฝკ

Бݤ΋ БݤΒ

БݤΟ БݤѤ

Бݤϖ

(66)

კ 5-22 ໆෳᡏ 1 ဦӧڙΚ 0.2 N ਔǴа௖ᓐ Z ືޑ๊ჹՏ࿼ࣁკ׎ޑ Z ືԶฝр ޑԼԺ߄ቫ೬ಔᙃѦᄂ 3D Ԕय़კ

Бݤ΋ БݤΒ

БݤΟ БݤѤ

Бݤϖ

(67)

კ 5-23 ໆෳᡏ 1 ဦӧڙΚ 4 N ਔǴа௖ᓐ Z ືޑ๊ჹՏ࿼ࣁკ׎ޑ Z ືԶฝрޑ ASISڬൎମᓐѦᄂ 3D Ԕय़კ

Бݤ΋ БݤΒ

БݤΟ БݤѤ

Бݤϖ

(68)

Бݤ΋ БݤΒ

БݤΟ БݤѤ

Бݤϖ

(69)

Бݤ΋ БݤΒ

БݤΟ БݤѤ

Бݤϖ

(70)

Бݤ΋ БݤΒ

БݤΟ БݤѤ

Бݤϖ

(71)

Бݤ΋ БݤΒ

БݤΟ БݤѤ

Бݤϖ

(72)

Бݤ΋ БݤΒ

БݤΟ БݤѤ

Бݤϖ

(73)

Бݤ΋ БݤΒ

БݤΟ БݤѤ

Бݤϖ

(74)

Бݤ΋ БݤΒ

БݤΟ БݤѤ

Бݤϖ

(75)

Бݤ΋ БݤΒ

БݤΟ БݤѤ

Бݤϖ

(76)

Бݤ΋ БݤΒ

БݤΟ БݤѤ

Бݤϖ

(77)

Бݤ΋ БݤΒ

БݤΟ БݤѤ

Бݤϖ

(78)

Бݤ΋ БݤΒ

БݤΟ БݤѤ

Бݤϖ

(79)

Бݤ΋ БݤΒ

БݤΟ БݤѤ

Бݤϖ

(80)

Бݤ΋ БݤΒ

БݤΟ БݤѤ

Бݤϖ