學校組織中集體協商運作之研究--以北部六縣市國民中學為例

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ඒߛઔߒႃע

ร؄Լ԰ᙀรԲཚʳ 2003 ڣ 6 ִʳ ଄ 63-96

Ᏸਮಢᙑϛ໱ᡝڞ୦ၼհϞंـ!

оѕഋϲᑪѿ୽ҕϛᏰ࣏ٽ!

ก ʝ ၬ

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! ଔ ڿ ᚭ

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! ဢ ! ࡌ

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֗আၞᖂீؾᑑऱሒګΖ܀ਢڇႃ᧯࠰೸ሎ܂ऱመ࿓խΔᄎנ෼࠰೸چۯլኙ࿛Ε

࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽΕྤऄၞ۩෻ࢤ࠰೸ΕղԳञᦞኆܓऱٱွ֗࠰೸व౨լߩऱ

ܺቼΔၞۖᐙ᥼ႃ᧯࠰೸ሎ܂ऱګயΖڂڼڶؘ૞ኙ࣍ᇞެႃ᧯࠰೸ܺቼऱ࿜ฃ

ၞ۩൶ಘΖ੡ԱሒࠩءઔߒऱؾऱΔءઔߒආشᓳ਷ઔߒऄࠐ፦ႃᇷறΔࠀሎش

։ᐋֺࠏហႃࢼᑌ֗مრ࠷ᑌΔڇקຝքᗼؑࢼ࠷ 40 ࢬഏاխᖂΔࠀ࿇נ 867

ٝം࠴Δڶயڃگം࠴੡ 587 ٝΔڶயڃگ෷੡ 67.7%Ζྥ৵אڶயം࠴ၞ۩อ ૠە᧭Δࠀຘመ։࣫ፖಘᓵΔᖕא༼נ࿨ᓵ֗৬ᤜΖ

ᜢᗖӷǺᏢਠಔᙃǵ໣ᡏڐ୘ǵ୯҇ύᏢ !!!!

*

୯ҥᆵ᡼ৣጄεᏢ௲ػᏢس௲௤

**

ᆵчѱҥߏӼ୯ύ௲ৣ

ႝηແҹࣁǺt04014@cc.ntnu.edu.tw; tfl123@tp.edu.tw

׫ዺВයǺ2002 ԃ 10 Д 31 Вǹ௦ҔВයǺ2003 ԃ 3 Д 22 В

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Bulletin of Educational Research June, 2003, Vol. 49 No. 2 pp. 63-96

A Study of Collective Bargaining in School

Organizations: The Example of Junior High Schools in Six Counties and Cities in Northern Taiwan

Nai-Ying Whang* ! Fang-Ling Tsao**

A b s t r a c t

This study is to understand the mechanisms that facilitate the efficacy of collective bargaining in junior high schools. Promoting collective bargaining has been the trend in recent educational reforms in Taiwan. It is hoped that the implementation of school-based management, the protection of stakeholders’ rights, and the achievement of school goals will be realized accordingly. The processes of collective bargaining, however, can easily produce such difficulties among stakeholders as unequalizing status, creating divergent opinions, stimulating irrational negotiations, causing power struggles, and bringing about deficits in negotiation knowledge, all of which lead to a lower quality of collective bargaining. With its focus on this problem, this study tries to

*Professor, Department of Education, National Taiwan Normal University

**Teacher, Chang-An Junior High School

E-mail: t04014@cc.ntnu.edu.tw; tfl123@tp.edu.tw

Manuscript received: Oct. 31, 2002; Accepted: Mar. 22, 2003

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devise strategies that can resolve the inherent difficulties in collective bargaining. It adopts an investigative approach to collect the data, administering 867 questionnaires from 40 junior high schools in six counties and cities in northern Taiwan by stratified proportional cluster sampling and purposive sampling. In total, 587 effective questionnaires comprise the basis of the statistical test, for an effective questionnaire ratio of 67.7%. Along with the statistical analysis, this study provides school members with some valuable conclusions and suggestions.

Keywords: school organization, collective bargaining, junior high

school

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ಥăჰ! ኢ

ψႃ᧯࠰೸ω଺ءਢ໎ՠ੺ຏ۩ऱټဲΔፖቸ࿨ᦞΕञᤜᦞٽጠ੡໎೯ԿᦞΔ ਢ໎ՠऱԿႈഗءᦞܓΰᓡاΔ1996Κ55αΖԲڻ׈੺Օᖏא৵Δषᄎݶຒ᧢ᔢΔ ඒஃऱড়ᨠچۯፖ׌ᨠᎁवᙟհขسᄕՕऱ᧢֏Δᑛભ٣ၞഏ୮ऱඒஃΔၲࡨ૞

ޣิګՠᄎΔຘመႃ᧯࠰೸Ε੷۟ᒽඒऱ֫੄ࠐञ࠷הଚڇՠ܂໱ࢬऱഗءයٙ

ࡉᦞఛΔᆖመתଡڍ׈ધऱ࿇୶৵Δהଚऱඒஃิ៣ႃ᧯࠰೸ሎ܂բॺൄګᑵΔ ࠀ׊բ࿇୶נઌᣂऄ৳ղא๵ᒤΰ്ᅇዺΔ1996Κ9αΖྥۖΔψႃ᧯࠰೸ωڇݺഏ ඒߛ੺ਢԫଡᄅᘋऱᄗ࢚Δڂ੡ڰڣ࠹ૻ࣍πՠᄎऄρร؄යΚψٺ్ਙࢌ۩ਙ֗

ඒߛࠃᄐΕ૨־ՠᄐհ୉ՠΔլ൓ิ៣ՠᄎΖωऱ๵ࡳΔڂڼݺഏඒஃิ៣ऱ࿇

୶ԫऴೖዩլছΔ଺ڂڇ࣍ྤऄ๻مඒஃิ៣Δႃ᧯࠰೸۞ྥྤऄၞ۩Ζ

܀२ֲഏփඒߛޏ଀ڕ־ڕ๝ऱ୶ၲΔᖂீඒߛᠾᆙΕᖂீิ៣٦ທΕᖂீ

ءۯጥ෻Ε୮९೶ፖீ೭Εඒஃറᄐ۞׌࿛ֱ૿Δբᆖګ੡ຍԫंඒߛޏ଀ऱ׌

ੌΰܦ෎՞Δ2000Κ3αΔઌᣂऱࠫ৫ፖऄחՈ಻ٽထ୶ၲଥإࢨࠫࡳΔലᖂீԳ ࠃᦞΕᖂீᆖᛜΕඒઝ஼ᙇشΕᖂீᓰ࿓๵ቤ࿛ֱ૿Δٌطᖂீګ୉٥ٵ೚ެࡳΔ ࠀᖜ૤ګඓຂٚΰࣥ೛ԳΔ2000Κ63αΖຍᑌऱ๻ૠױאီ੡ਢኙႚอᖂீ۩ਙᦞ ᗑՕऱᇞዌΔۖၞ۩ᖂீᦞԺૹิऱ։ᦞ֏๻ૠΔࠌᖂீګ੡ᖂீ۩ਙΕඒஃᄎΕ ୮९ᄎԿߩቓمऱᦞԺسኪΔطᖂீඒஃᄎז।ீႼऱറᄐቸ᧯Δۖ۩ਙ᧯ߓঞ ਢઝᐋ᧯ࠫऱ࿨ዌΔ୮९ঞז।ထඒߛ௣၄ृऱ֨ᜢΔᅝڍጟ࿨ዌٵழژڇீႼ խΔڕሖࠩڶᓢડࢨࣴฆழΔᇞެऱֱऄհԫঁਢሎشႃ᧯࠰೸ऱֱڤΰ᝔֮٤Δ

2001

Κ138-140αΔٵழآࠐீ೭ሎ܂Ոലᄎດዬཆඵψࡴቛڤωऱሎ܂᧯ࠫΔޏ ආᓫܒ࠰೸ऱֱڤ܂੡آࠐᖂீ۩ਙެࡳऱ׌૞ᑓڤΰܦ෎՞Δ1998Κ138Δ146αΖ

ψႃ᧯࠰೸ωਢ໎቟ᠨֱ٥ٵެࡳऱመ࿓ΰjoint decision-making processαΰڹ ਫૉ᤟Δ1999Κ4αΔࠡؾऱڇሒګڶᣂՠ܂යٙ֗቟႗යٙऱ࠰ᤜΰഏᎾ໎ՠݝΔ

1963

Κ1αΖ༉௿ᆠۖߢΔႃ᧯࠰೸ႛਐ੺ࡳቸ᧯࠰પऱࡳཚࢤ࠰೸Δൄאՠᄎิ

៣ऱীኪࠐሎ܂ΙᐖᆠۖߢΔ،ץਔࢬڶႄ׌ࢨႄ׌ቸ᧯ፖՠᄎऱյ೯መ࿓ΰᓡ

اΔ1994Κ82-83αΖאඒஃิ៣੡ࠏΔط࣍ഏփΕ؆ඒஃิ៣ऱࢤᔆլٵΔࠡᦞ

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ܓፖᆠ೭ٍژڇ஁ฆऱणउΔڂڼႃ᧯࠰೸ऱփොՈլٵΖ༉ഏ؆ऱൣݮࠐ઎Δ ඒஃิ៣ႃ᧯࠰೸ሎ܂ਢڇچֱᖂ೴ᐋ్Δඒஃิ៣ለႜٻՠᄎ׌ᆠΔထૹᆖᛎ ࢤᤜᠲऱ࠰೸Δࠡ׌૞ؾᑑڇञ࠷ඒஃऱᆖᛎࢤጝઘፖޏ࿳ඒஃऱՠ܂ᛩቼΔ،

ሒګؾᑑऱ֫੄ਢᚘԺ࿜ฃΔࠠ᧯܂ऄਢႃ᧯࠰೸ΕᒽඒࡉمऄሏᎅΰᓡاΔ1996Κ

70

Δ1999Κ265αΖഗ࣍ڼΔՠᄎ׌ᆠհඒஃิ៣ࠠڶཙᄎ୉ञ࠷ᦞఛऱᆠ೭Ζ༉

ݺഏऱൣउۖߢΔᖂீᐋ్ႃ᧯࠰೸ਢݺഏࠫ৫ऱ௽ۥΔឈྥπඒஃऄρᓿղᖂ

ீඒஃᄎຝ։ऱႃ᧯࠰೸ᦞܓΔ܀ؾছݺഏඒஃิ៣ԯאറᄐ׌ᆠ܂੡ഗء࿇୶

ֱٻΰᓡاΔ1996Κ66-71Δ1999Κ265Δ290αΔࠡ׌૞ؾᑑਢᒔঅඒஃ۞׌Ε༼

֒ඒஃ༇ᣤΕޏၞඒߛംᠲΕףൎඒஃ۞৳ፖ༼ࠎଡܑඒஃع္ऱጥሐ࿛Δ،ሒ ګؾᑑऱ֫੄ਢᄮຏ࿜ฃΔࠠ᧯܂ऄץਔආ࠷ᘬ೸ΕᄎᓫΕ࠰ᓳፖ৙ႚ࿛ֱڤΔ

܀ਢᒽඒᦞࠀآګ੡،ऱሎ܂ႈؾΖഗ࣍ڼΔඒஃᄎೈԱࠠڶႃ᧯࠰೸ऱഗءᦞ ܓ؆Δ௅ᖕπඒஃऄρร 27 යΔ،Ոڶ༼֒ඒஃറᄐ౨ԺΕឩՕඒߛࣚ೭Εઔߒ ࠀ࠰ܗٺႈඒߛംᠲᇞެ֗ࠫࡳඒஃֆપऱᆠ೭Ζط࣍ݺഏᖂீඒஃิ៣ൎᓳറ ᄐ׌ᆠΔፖֱ۫ഏ୮ՠᄎ׌ᆠऱඒஃิ៣ڶܑΔڂڼݺഏᖂீඒஃᄎऱ࠰೸ᒤ໮

ൄႃխڇࠫ৫ࢤऱࠃႈࡉ۩ਙጥ෻ऱࠃႈΔছृץਔඒஃᄎፖᖂீ۩ਙ᧯ߓऱյ ೯ֱڤΔא֗ඒஃᄎ೶ፖᖂீ۩ਙެ࿜ऱࠃႈ࿛Δ৵ृঞਐᖂீ۩ਙጥ෻ൻਜΕ ᑻᡕΕၞଥ࿛ࠃႈΖ۟࣍ᜲᇷጝܓ࿛ᆖᛎࢤऱࠃႈΔᦞຂ໢ۯڇඒߛ۩ਙᖲᣂࡉ مऄຝ॰Δᖂீඒஃᄎࠀլ௫ԵΰᓡاΔ1996Κ294αΖ

ط࣍ᖂீิ៣᥆࣍ֆ٥ຝ॰ΰpublic sectorαΔࠠڶ׌ᦞΕᗑ׭ࢤข঴Δא֗

ֆ٥ܓఛऱ௽ᔆΔፖߏԳຝ॰ΰprivate sectorα໢ొऱ໎ᇷᣂএլٵΰᓡاΔ1999Κ

265

αΔࢬאᖂீิ៣խႃ᧯࠰೸ऱሎ܂Ոፖ໎ՠ੺ڶࢬ஁ฆΔྤऄ٤ྥฝཬߏԳ ຝ॰ႃ᧯࠰೸ऱᆖ᧭ΰᓡاΔ1994Κ92ΙWoodworth & Peterson, 1969: 6-13αΖף Ղᖂீᖜ૤ඒߛᖂ࿙ऱຂٚΔڂڼΔᖂீิ៣խႃ᧯࠰೸ऱሎ܂Δᚨᇠൎᓳᖂس ᦞఛऱፂᥨፖᖂீᖞ᧯ऱ࿇୶ΰܦ෎՞Δ1998Κ113Ι႓ԯዾΔ2000aΚ75ΙᓡاΔ

1994

Κ93ΙKassalow, 1969: 28; Keane, 1996: 10-12, 48-50; Nothem, 1992: 16; Webster,

1985: 3-6, 8, 64; Woodworth & Peterson, 1969: 6-13

αΖط࣍ຘመᖂீิ៣խႃ᧯࠰

೸ऱሎ܂Δԫֱ૿ױאᨃᖂீګ୉ڶᦞ٥ٵ೶ፖᖂீࠃ೭ऱެࡳΔאᆵኔᖂீڇ

ԳࠃΕඒᖂΕᆖ၄Εᓰ࿓࿛ֱ૿ऱ۞׌ᆖᛜΔၞۖ࿇୶נᖂீऱ௽ۥΰࣥ೛ԳΔ

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2000

Κ63-65ΙᑰᐝੳΔ2001Κ7-8αΙ׼ԫֱ૿ױאᓿղᖂீګ୉ڶؓ࿛ڜ٤࿇נ ᜢଃऱᦞܓΔא༼ࠎܓ୭ᣂএԳᦞఛঅᎽऱٽऄጥሐΰޕد༡Δ2000Κ18αΔۖڂ

੡ᖂீګ୉ࠠڶ೶ፖீ೭ऱᦞܓΔױאᏺၞהଚኙᖂீิ៣ऱࢭᘭΔ٦ףՂᖂீ

ګ୉ڶؓ࿛ڜ٤࿇ᜢऱᦞܓΔױאࠌהଚऱᦞܓ࠹ࠩঅᎽΔڕڼലڶܗ࣍ޙ࿪ᖂ

ீิ៣ᓢડऱ࿇سΔᨃᖂீ౨ޓࠠسขԺΕޓ౨໌ᄅΕޓڶᐘࢤΔאআၞᖂீऱ

࿇୶Δሒګᖂீิ៣ऱؾᑑΰKeane, 1996: 58αΔڂڼᖂீิ៣խႃ᧯࠰೸ऱሎ܂

ࠠڶᆵኔᖂீءۯጥ෻Εፂᥨᖂீܓ୭ᣂএԳᦞఛΕআၞᖂீิ៣ؾᑑሒګ࿛Կ

ႈؾᑑΰޕد༡Δ2000Κ18Ι႓ԯዾΔ2000aΚ93Ι᝔ᠺᓍΕ്ભཕ᤟Δ2000Κ318Ι

Kassalow, 1969: 29; Keane, 1996: 48, 58; Kochan & Katz, 1988: 229; Raham, 1999:

24, 26-27

αΔۖԱᇞؾছഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ؾᑑሒګऱ෼उΔঞ੡ءઔߒऱรԫଡ ೯ᖲΖ

ᖂீ۩ਙԳ୉ΕඒஃΕ୮९ਢᖂீඒߛऱԿଡ֭ਪΔءᚨຏԺٽ܂Δ٥ᘩீ

೭೜٤࿇୶ΔྥݺഏπඒஃऄρኔਜאࠐΔլ܀آߠ࢖ڼ٥ᘩٽ܂Δ༼೏ᖂீऱ ᙄᖂ঴ᔆΔ֘ۖڶᣂএ༞֏ऱᇾွΔۖඒߛ۩ਙᖲᣂՈྤԺףאᓳᇞፖ٘ဪΔኔ חԳᐡ֨ΰ്ᐚᔲΔ2000Κ19-20αΖࠏڕΚਬഏ՛੡Աڕ۶ڜඈ۔ஃ඄ᓰழᑇۖ

ञܰլٖΰ׆ߐख़Δ1997αΙਬഏխඒஃᄎ੡ञ࠷ᖂீ۩ਙԳ୉հٚشٵრᦞΔۖ

ፖீ९Ꮬ਍լՀΙਬഏխᖂீ۩ਙԳ୉ࢢඒஃᄎ݄ՕΔլႛլቔᚐ۔ஃ೶ףඒஃ ᄎΔ๠๠Թᣄඒஃᄎ੒೯؆Δᝫፖ୮९ᄎᜤٽದࠐؚᚘඒஃᄎΰܦ෎՞Δ2000Κ

19

αΖൕאՂऱூࠏױא઎נΔᖂீ۩ਙፖඒஃᄎۿ׏إڇၞ۩ԫ໱ᦞԺऱߡԺΔ

ۖீ९Ոૠ྽ᤂิீ९࠰ᄎΔࠐᏺףڇຍ໱ߡԺ᝛խऱኔԺΰ᝔මख़Δ1999αΖհ ࢬאᄎທګຍࠄீႼऱ౑ឫΔױ౨ਢڂ੡ᖂீ۩ਙፖᖂீඒஃᄎᠨֱᎁवڶࢬ஁

ฆΔྤऄ࢖ڼኙ࿛ኙৱΰ്ࣔᔕΔ1998Κ83-84Ι១ߜᖲΔ1991Κ165ΙKassalow, 1969:

24-25

αΙՈױ౨ڂ੡ᠨֱم໱լٵΔኙ࣍ംᠲ㦠ڶઌ२ऱ෻ᇞΔڂڼྤऄሒګ࠰

ᤜΰܦ෎՞Δ2000Κ33ΙKeane, 1996: 16αΙՈࢨ๺࠰೸ழא௽ࡳრᢝীኪ܂੡ᄮ ຏഗ៕Δࠌᠨֱྤऄ෻ࢤٽ܂ၞ۩࠰೸ΰ႓ԯዾΔ2000bΚ274Δ278Δ2001aΚ218αΙ Ոױ౨ᠨֱ֜መ۞ݺᘉ࿾Δመٝૹီ۞ߪᦞఛऱঅᎽΔ࢙ီԱᚨጐऱຂٚࡉᆠ೭ ΰܦ෎՞Δ2000Κ34Ι༙༄ᄭΔ2000Κ50-51Ι១ߜᖲΔ1991Κ502αΙՈױ౨ڂ੡

࠰೸व౨լߩΔۖທګᠨֱ౑ञऱ௅ᄭΰܦ෎՞Δ1998Κ129Δ2000Κ38Ι്ࣔᔕΔ

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1998

Κ83α Ζױߠᖂீิ៣խႃ᧯࠰೸૿ᜯԱ࠰೸چۯլኙ࿛Ε࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽΕ

ྤऄၞ۩෻ࢤ࠰೸ΕղԳञᦞኆܓٱွΔא֗࠰೸व౨լߩ࿛ܺቼΔીࠌྤऄሒ ګࠡቃཚऱؾᑑΔڂڼ൶ಘഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ࢬ૿ᜯऱܺቼΔא֗ຍࠄܺቼኙᖂ

ீႃ᧯࠰೸ؾᑑሒګऱᐙ᥼۞ٍڶؘࠡ૞ࢤΔڼ੡ءઔߒऱรԲଡ೯ᖲΖ ඒߛิ៣ႃ᧯࠰೸ऱ଺ঞΔਢᅝࠃԳऱ࠰೸چۯኙ࿛Δࢬא࠰೸ᠨֱլᓵኙ

ֱऱچۯࢨᙰᎲΔ݁ᚨီ࢖ڼਢኙ࿛ऱΰWebster, 1985: 58-59αΔڂ੡׽ڶ೶ፖृ

م࣍ؓ࿛݁ᘝऱچۯΔթᄎڶኙᇩፖᄮຏऱױ౨ࢤΰࡌ⚰ᐂΔ1996Κ23αΔࢬאᅝ ᖂீิ៣խႃ᧯࠰೸ژڇႃ᧯࠰೸چۯլኙ࿛ऱܺቼழΔؘႊףאᇞެΔࠡᇞެ

࿜ฃڶΚீ९ආ࠷ا׌ၲࣔऱᏆᖄଅ௑Εףൎᖂீګ୉ऱا׌ऄएైᕆΕᎅհא

෻ࠌኙֱ൷࠹ኙ࿛چۯΕଥޏऄחᒔঅ࠰೸چۯΕطֆإԳՓࢨറ୮տԵ࠰ᓳᇞ

ެΕආ࠷ࣂࠫऱ۩೯ࠐञ࠷ኙ࿛چۯ࿛ΰޕد༡Δ2000Κ17Ιܦ෎՞Δ2000Κ34Ι ῥᐜၼΔ1999Κ35-36Ι്ࣔᔕΔ1998Κ86Ι്ᐚᔲΔ2000Κ20Ι႓ԯዾΔ2001bΚ

10

Ι႓ࡲ᧩Δ1996Κ148ΙᓐၞႂΔ2000Κ85ΙThompson, 1969: 42, 53ΙWoodworth

& Peterson, 1969: 16

αΖ

ႃ᧯࠰೸ऱؾऱ༉ਢ૞ሒګ࠰ᤜΰഏᎾ໎ՠݝΔ1963Κ1αΔᅝᖂீิ៣խႃ

᧯࠰೸ژڇ࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽऱܺቼΔ࠰ᤜܛྤऄሒګΔڕڼലࠌᖂீܧ෼ԫጟ լᒔࡳऱणउΔᨃᖂீګ୉ྤऄڜ֨چං೯ீ೭Εၞ۩ඒᖂΔڂڼᖂீิ៣խႃ

᧯࠰೸ژڇ࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽऱܺቼΔؘႊףאᇞެΔࠡᇞެ࿜ฃڶΚீ९ආ࠷

ا׌ၲࣔऱᄮຏଅ௑Εףൎᖂீګ୉ऱا׌ऄएైᕆΕףൎᖂீګ୉ऱᄮຏݾ؏Ε ৬مᖂீ۩ਙፖඒஃᄎז।ࡳཚᄮຏऱጥሐΕطֆإԳՓࢨറ୮տԵ࠰ᓳᇞެΕ ආ࠷ࣂࠫऱ۩೯࿛ΰܦ෎՞Δ1998Κ118Δ136Δ2000Κ39ΙῥᐜၼΔ1999Κ35-36Ι ႓ԯዾΔ2000aΚ109Δ117Δ148Δ158Δ2000bΚ288Δ2002Κ6-17Ι႓ࡲ᧩Δ1996Κ

148

ΙᚮᅃᅄΔ1990Κ44Ι១ߜᖲΔ1991Κ448-449ΙKeane, 1996: 37ΙNothem, 1992:

136

ΙThompson, 1969: 43-44αΖ

ړऱ࠰೸௛ࣷڶܗ࣍࠰೸ऱګயΔઌ֘چΔլړऱ࠰೸௛ࣷঞլܓ࣍ڶயऱ

࠰೸ΰWebster, 1985: 43αΔᅝᖂீิ៣խྤऄ෻ࢤၞ۩ႃ᧯࠰೸ழΔᅝࠃԳ࢓࢓

ᄎشൣፃࢤऱ࠰೸ֱऄፖఐኪࢤऱ࠰೸ݾ؏ࠐၞ۩࠰೸ΰKeane, 1996: 13αΔڼழ

࠰೸ऱ௛ؘࣷࡳਢլړऱΔڂۖࠌ࠰೸ऱګய࠹ࠩ૤૿ऱᐙ᥼Δࠌ࠰೸ྤऄሒࠩ

(8)

ᠨᤢऱ࿨࣠Ζۖᇞެྤऄၞ۩෻ࢤ࠰೸ऱ࿜ฃڶΚீ९ආ࠷ا׌ၲࣔऱᏆᖄଅ௑Ε ףൎᖂீګ୉ऱا׌ऄएైᕆΕ৬مᖂீ۩ਙፖඒஃᄎז।ࡳཚᄮຏऱጥሐΕף ൎᖂீګ୉ၲ࣋ಘᓵऱ౨ԺΕطֆإԳՓࢨറ୮տԵ࠰ᓳᇞެ࿛ΰܦ෎՞Δ1998Κ

37

Δ2000Κ32Ι്ࣔᔕΔ1998Κ86Ι႓ԯዾΔ2002Κ13Ι႓ࡲ᧩Δ1996Κ148Ιພ

ၞၼ᤟Δ1994Κ356Δ365ΙHealy, 1965: 75, 104αΖ

ႃ᧯࠰೸ਢፂᥨᦞఛऱጥሐΔ܀ڕ࣠መ࣍ञ࠷ଡԳᦞఛΔথ࢙ီᚨጐऱຂٚ

ࡉᆠ೭Δঞৰ୲࣐֧ದاฒऱ֘ᐘΰܦ෎՞Δ2000Κ34Ι១ߜᖲΔ1991Κ502αΔ ڂڼᖂீิ៣խႃ᧯࠰೸ऱሎ܂Δ૞ڶاฒऱ֭਍թ౨ڶࢬ܂੡Δۖᔞᅝऱاฒ

֭਍ਢ૞ᙟழ༈ޣ֗ፂ਍ऱΔࢬאᖂீګ୉ֲؓᚨ৬مإ૿ऱݮွΰWebster, 1985:

63

αΔࢬאᅝᖂீิ៣խႃ᧯࠰೸૿ᜯղԳञᦞኆܓٱွऱܺቼழΔؘႊףאᇞ

ެΔࠡᇞެऱ࿜ฃڶΚףൎᖂீګ୉ऱا׌ऄएైᕆΕףൎᖂீګ୉റᄐߪ։ऱ

֘ઊ౨ԺΕૡࡳၺ٠ऄூࢨ۞৳ֆપ৬مᖂீګ୉ऱറᄐݮွΕᨃ୮९೶ፖீ೭

࿇ཀ୮९ᄎ጑ᅮࠫᘝऱפ౨Δא֗৬مطֆإԳՓࢨറ୮տԵ࠰ᓳᇞެऱᖲࠫ࿛

ΰڹਫૉ᤟Δ1999Κ326Δ623-624Ιܦ෎՞Δ1998Κ123Ι৸᎛Δ2000Κ34Ι്ᐚ ᔲΔ2000Κ20ΙᓐၞႂΔ2000Κ83-85ΙᓡاΔ1994Κ98ΙKeane, 1996: 25Ι Thompson,

1969: 45-46

ΙWebster, 1985: 40αΖ

ႃ᧯࠰೸ऱז।ᚨᇠࠠໂ᠆༄ऱव౨ΔץਔΚႃ᧯࠰೸ऱऄחΕ෼۩֗መװ ऱඒߛऄחΰץਔΚԳࠃΕತ೭Εඒߛਙ࿜࿛αΕᖂ೴ΰீαऱႃ᧯࠰೸ᖵ׾֗མ ሒګऱ࠰ᤜΕᖂ೴ΰீαၴֺለऱᇷற࿛ΰWebster, 1985: 106, 135-136αΔڕ࣠ႃ

᧯࠰೸ז।౒׎אՂऱव౨Δ۞ྥྤऄފዝړႃ᧯࠰೸ז।ऱߡۥΔڂڼຍᣊം

ᠲؘႊףאᇞެΔࠡᇞެऱ࿜ฃڶΚᖂீګ୉ᚨ׌೯۞࿇چᖂ฾ഛᕆઌᣂव౨Ε ᆤᓮீ؆റ୮ࠩீਐᖄΕඒߛ۩ਙᖲዌᒳٱ֫םࢨ፹܂ᙕᐙ൅։࿇ٺீઔߒ೶

ەΕඒߛ۩ਙᖲᣂګم᎖ᖄࡡ୉ᄎ༼ࠎ࠰ܗ࿛ΰڹਫૉ᤟Δ1999Κ326Ιܦ෎՞Δ

1998

Κ131Ι១ߜᖲΔ1991Κ451-453ΙKeane, 1996: 14; Nothem, 1992: 1-2, 7-8; Stieber,

1969: 37; Webster, 1985: 62

αΖ

੡Աᨃᖂீิ៣խႃ᧯࠰೸ऱᖲࠫ౨ሎ܂ႉܓΔא྇֟֗ቃ߻ீႼᓢડऱ࿇

سΔႨؘ૞ڶயᇞެᖂீႃ᧯࠰೸ࢬ૿ᜯऱܺቼΔڂڼ༈ޣᇞެഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰

೸ܺቼऱૹ૞࿜ฃ۞ڶؘࠡ૞ࢤΔڼ੡ءઔߒऱรԿଡ೯ᖲΖ

(9)

௅ᖕءઔߒऱ೯ᖲΔױאᚵࡳ؄ଡઔߒؾऱΔ౿։૪ڕՀΚ ԫΕ൶ಘഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ؾᑑሒګ֗ܺቼऱ෼उΖ

ԲΕ൶ಘഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ܺቼኙႃ᧯࠰೸ؾᑑሒګऱᐙ᥼Ζ ԿΕ൶ಘᇞެഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ܺቼऱ࿜ฃΖ

؄Ε௅ᖕઔߒ࿨࣠Δ༼נ༼֒ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ګயհ৬ᤜΖ

෮ăЩෟྚᛖ

੡ࠌءઔߒ൶ಘऱംᠲΔڶ෎ཐऱᨠ࢚ΖءઔߒઌᣂټဲऱࡳᆠᎅࣔڕՀΚ

ʙă෱᝝֞੦!

໎቟ᠨֱ٥ٵެ࿜ऱመ࿓Δࠡ࠰೸ऱ׌૞փ୲ਢՠ܂යٙ֗໎቟ᠨֱऱᦞܓ ᆠ೭Δࠡؾऱঞਢሒګ໎቟ᠨֱڶᣂՠ܂යٙ֗቟႗යٙऱ࠰ᤜΖ

ʠăደम஢ᕑ˛෱᝝֞੦!

ᖂீ۩ਙຝ॰Εඒஃᄎז।٥ٵެ࿜ऱመ࿓Δץਔᠨֱࢬڶࡳཚፖॺإڤऱ յ೯መ࿓Δࠡ࠰೸ऱ׌૞փ୲ਢඒஃᆤપ֗ᠨֱ٥ٵᣂ֨ऱᖂீࠃ೭Δؾऱڇ࣍

ሒګᠨֱऱ࠰ᤜΖ

ʭăደम஢ᕑ˛෱᝝֞੦ོѰ!

ءઔߒऱψᖂீิ៣խႃ᧯࠰೸ሎ܂ωԯਐᖂீ۩ਙຝ॰Εඒஃᄎז।٥ٵ

ެ࿜ऱመ࿓Δࠡᒤ໮ץਔᖂீิ៣խႃ᧯࠰೸ؾᑑऱሒګΕᖂீิ៣խႃ᧯࠰೸

ࢬ૿ᜯऱܺቼΕא֗ᇞެᖂீิ៣խႃ᧯࠰೸ܺቼऱ࿜ฃΖ

ણăࡁտనࢍᄃ၁߉

ءઔߒڱڇ൶ಘഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ሎ܂ऱൣݮΔץਔഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ؾᑑ

ሒګऱൣउ֗ࠡࢬ૿ᜯऱܺቼΔࠀ༈ޣᇞެܺቼऱ࿜ฃΖ੡ሒګՂ૪ऱઔߒؾऱΔ

(10)

੽Ε˛ደ෱᝝֞੦άᆿڟྀЙ ᆵኔᖂீءۯጥ෻ऱ෻࢚

ፂᥨᖂீܓ୭ᣂএԳऱᦞఛ আၞᖂீิ៣ؾᑑऱሒګ

ଈ٣ၞ۩֮᣸։࣫৬م෻ᓵᑓڤΔྥ৵ආشം࠴ᓳ਷ֱڤΔᆖઔߒՠࠠऱᒳ፹ፖ ਜྒྷΔ፦ႃড়ᨠࠠ᧯ऱᇷறΔࠀܓشอૠֱऄףא։࣫๠෻Δאሒࠩءઔߒऱؾ ऱΖאՀ౿༉ઔߒਮዌΕઔߒ᧢ႈΕৱ࿠ംᠲΕᑌء࠷ᑌΕઔߒՠࠠऱய৫֗ॾ ৫Εኔਜ࿓ݧ֗ᇷற๠෻࿛ֱ૿։૪ڕՀΚ

ʙăࠂՀޜ်!

ءઔߒڱڇ൶ಘഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ሎ܂ؾᑑΕܺቼऱઌյᐙ᥼Δࠀ༈ޣᇞެ

ܺቼऱ࿜ฃΖ௅ᖕઔߒ೯ᖲΕઔߒؾऱΔא֮֗᣸൶ಘऱ࿨࣠Δᚵࡳᓳ਷ઔߒਮ ዌڕቹ 1 ࢬقΖ

࿧1 ቡޥࠂՀޜ်࿧

ʠăࠂՀᝐ෶!

طઔߒਮዌױवΔءം࠴ࢬץܶհઌᣂ᧢ႈڕՀΚ

)Ι*୽ҕϛᏰ໱ᡝڞ୦ၼհޟҬ኿!

1.

ᆵኔᖂீءۯጥ෻

੽Ε˛ደ෱᝝֞੦ڟҨ࿪

ႃ᧯࠰೸ऱچۯլኙ࿛

࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽ

ྤऄၞ۩෻ࢤ࠰೸

ղԳञᦞኆܓऱٱွ

ႃ᧯࠰೸ऱव౨լߩ

ᇞެഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸

ٺጟܺቼऱ࿜ฃ

(11)

ᖂீၞ۩ႃ᧯࠰೸৵Δਢܡ౨।෼נᖂீհ௽ۥΔࠀᆵኔᖂீڇԳࠃΕᓰ࿓Ε ᆖ၄ΕඒᖂՂऱ۞׌ࢤΖ

2.

ፂᥨႃ᧯࠰೸ܓ୭ᣂএԳհᦞఛ

ᖂீၞ۩ႃ᧯࠰೸ழΔኙܓ୭ᣂএԳΰץਔᖂسΕ۩ਙԳ୉ΕඒஃΕ୮९α ᦞఛፂᥨऱൣݮΖ

3.

আၞᖂீิ៣ؾᑑऱሒګ

ᖂீၞ۩ႃ᧯࠰೸ழΔ౨ܡআၞᖂீิ៣ؾᑑऱሒګΔۖᖂீิ៣ؾᑑঞץ ਔسขԺΰய෷ፖய౨αΕإᅝࢤፖ໌რࢤΔࠡփො։ܑ੡Κ(1)سขԺץਔய෷

ፖய౨Δய෷ထૹڇא່֟ऱᇷᄭሒګิ៣ऱؾᑑΙய౨ঞထૹڇิ៣ؾᑑሒګ ऱ࿓৫Ι(2)إᅝࢤਢਐᖂீऱሎ܂ᨃܓ୭ᣂএԳᎁ੡ਢሐᐚऱΔץਔإᆠ଩෻ፖ ᣂᡖ଩෻Δছृਐܓ୭ᣂএԳऱᦞܓ֗ᆠ೭ਢֆؓऱΙ৵ृਐᖂீऱሎ܂౨ڃᚨ ܓ୭ᣂএԳऱ׌ᨠᏁޣΙ(3)໌რࢤਢਐאᄅऱᨠរ༼֒ᖂீऱംᠲᇞެ౨ԺΔץ ਔᓳᔞԺΕ৬ዌ᎛ནऱ౨Ժ࿛Ζ

)Π*୽ҕϛᏰ໱ᡝڞ୦ޟ֨ც!

1.

ႃ᧯࠰೸ऱچۯլኙ࿛Ζ

2.

࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽΖ

3.

ྤऄၞ۩෻ࢤ࠰೸Ζ

4.

ղԳञᦞኆܓऱٱွΖ

5.

ႃ᧯࠰೸ऱव౨լߩΖ

)έ*၌ؚ୽ҕϛᏰ໱ᡝڞ୦Өᆍ֨ცޟ๊౱Ȅ!

ʭăݟൎੰᖠ!

௅ᖕઔߒؾऱፖ๻ૠऱᄗ࢚ਮዌΔءઔߒࢬ૞൶ಘऱࠠ᧯ംᠲڕՀΚ

)Ι*୽ҕϛᏰ໱ᡝڞ୦Ҭ኿ႀԙޟ౪ݷ!

1.

ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ᆵኔᖂீءۯጥ෻ऱ෼उڕ۶Λ

2.

ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ፂᥨܓ୭ᣂএԳᦞఛऱ෼उڕ۶Λ

3.

ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸আၞᖂீิ៣ؾᑑሒګऱ෼उڕ۶Λ

)Π*୽ҕϛᏰ໱ᡝڞ୦֨ცޟ౪ݷ!

(12)

4.

ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸૿ᜯ࠰೸چۯլኙ࿛ऱ෼उڕ۶Λ

5.

ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸૿ᜯ࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽऱ෼उڕ۶Λ

6.

ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸૿ᜯྤऄၞ۩෻ࢤ࠰೸ऱ෼उڕ۶Λ

7.

ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸૿ᜯղԳञᦞኆܓٱွऱ෼उڕ۶Λ

8.

ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸૿ᜯႃ᧯࠰೸व౨լߩऱ෼उڕ۶Λ

)έ*୽ҕϛᏰ໱ᡝڞ୦֨ცᄇ୽ҕϛᏰ໱ᡝڞ୦Ҭ኿ႀԙኇ៪ޟ ৯౴ШၶЅࣺᜰϷݙ!

9.

ਢܡژڇψ࠰೸چۯլኙ࿛ωܺቼኙ࣍ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ؾᑑሒګऱᐙ᥼

ਢܡڶ஁ฆΛਢܡژڇઌᣂΛ

10.

ਢܡژڇψ࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽωܺቼኙ࣍ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ؾᑑሒګऱᐙ

᥼ਢܡڶ஁ฆΛਢܡژڇઌᣂΛ

11.

ਢܡژڇψྤऄၞ۩෻ࢤ࠰೸ωܺቼኙ࣍ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ؾᑑሒګऱᐙ

᥼ਢܡڶ஁ฆΛਢܡژڇઌᣂΛ

12.

ਢܡژڇψղԳञᦞኆܓٱွωऱܺቼኙ࣍ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ؾᑑሒګऱ ᐙ᥼ਢܡڶ஁ฆΛਢܡژڇઌᣂΛ

13.

ਢܡژڇψႃ᧯࠰೸व౨լߩωऱܺቼኙ࣍ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ؾᑑሒګऱ ᐙ᥼ਢܡڶ஁ฆΛਢܡژڇઌᣂΛ

)Ѳ*၌ؚ୽ҕϛᏰ໱ᡝڞ୦֨ცޟ१ौ๊౱!

14.

ᇞެ࠰೸چۯլኙ࿛ऱૹ૞࿜ฃڕ۶Λ

15.

ᇞެ࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽऱૹ૞࿜ฃڕ۶Λ

16.

ᇞެྤऄၞ۩෻ࢤ࠰೸ऱૹ૞࿜ฃڕ۶Λ

17.

ᇞެղԳञᦞኆܓٱွऱૹ૞࿜ฃڕ۶Λ

18.

ᇞެႃ᧯࠰೸व౨լߩऱૹ૞࿜ฃڕ۶Λ

ͲăᆺΏ֥ᆺ!

ݺഏچ෻೴։੡קΕխΕতΕࣟ࿛؄೴Δקຝچ೴۞ګԫଡس੒᧯ߓΔڇᆖ

ᛎΕ֮֏Εषᄎ࿛ֱ૿ऱ௽ᔆለ੡ઌ२Δਚءઔߒലᓳ਷ኙွ᠙ࡳڇፕ᨜קຝք

ଡᗼؑΰፕקؑΕፕקᗼΕ௒ႼᗼΕᄅێᗼΕഗၼؑΕᄅێؑαբ๻مᖂீඒஃ

(13)

ᄎऱഏاխᖂΰլץਔጵٽխᖂΕݙ٤խᖂ֗೏խॵ๻ഏխຝ࿛ᖂீαΔࠡኙွො

።ᖂீ۩ਙԳ୉ፖᖂீඒஃΔؾऱڇԱᇞլٵહནऱԳ୉ኙ࣍ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸

ሎ܂ൣݮऱრߠΖ੡Աଫ᥽ᑌءऱז।ࢤ֗ࢼᑌऱᆖᛎࢤΔආشψԲၸ੄ࢼᑌऄω ΰtwo-stage samplingαΔ٥ࢼ࠷ 40 ࢬᖂீऱ 867 ଡ࠹ᇢृΖࠡ࠷ᑌޡᨏڕՀΚ

)Ι*ϷቹШٽᘎ໱ܪኺ໦ࢲ!

รԫၸ੄ආشאᖂீ੡໢ۯऱψ։ᐋֺࠏហႃࢼᑌωΰstratified proportional

cluster sampling

αΔ੡Ա౨ജᒔኔ֘ᚨئᆢ᧯ऱ։಻࿨ዌΔءઔߒאψᖂீ๵ᑓω

܂੡։ᐋऱࠉᖕΖࠉᖕٻ٤ഏඒஃᄎ࠷൓հᖂீඒஃᄎټםΔ൓वፕ᨜קຝքᗼ

ؑഏاխᖂࠀآګمሀீΕሀ೴ΰၢΕ᠜αհᖂீඒஃᄎΔ׊ԲԼఄאՀբګم ᖂீඒஃᄎհഏاխᖂٍ੷֟Δਚઔߒृ೶ەઌᣂઔߒհᖂீ๵ᑓ։ᣊֱڤΔല ᖂீ๵ᑓࠉఄ్ᑇ։੡ψ24 ఄאՀωΕψ25-48 ఄωΕψ49 ఄאՂω࿛ԿᣊΰῥᐜၼΔ

1999

ΙᓐၞႂΔ2000αΖ

൷ထലٺଡ։ᐋऱᖂீղאᒳᇆΔྥ৵ආشᙟᖲࢼᑌֱڤΔࢼ࠷ٺଡ։ᐋࢬ ᏁऱᖂீᑇΔط࣍ԫ౳ઔߒࡵڶ 20%ΰն։հԫαؐ׳հᑌءᑇΰܦࣔ෎Δ1991Κ

227

αΔਚءઔߒࢼ࠷ 25%ΰ؄։հԫαհᖂீ೚੡ᑌءΔ׼ەၦࠩ૞ᨃٺᗼؑΕ ٺᣊ๵ᑓऱᖂீઃ౨ڶז।ᑌءΔኙ࣍ٺچ೴լٵ๵ᑓᖂீၞ۩ࢼᑌழΔא۟֟

࠷ᑌԫࢬᖂீ੡଺ঞΔڂڼࢬࢼ࠷հ᜔ᑌءᖂீᑇΰ40 ࢬαലฃ೏࣍ئᆢ᧯ீᑇ ΰ136 ࢬα25%ΰ؄։հԫαऱֺࠏΔࠡ։಻ڕ। 1 ࢬقΖ

ے1! Ϩ௣ᇁደमتᆺᆵఙΰے

໢ۯΚீ

24

ॲ̾ʮ

25-48

ॲ

49

ॲ̾ʰ ϫ!!ࡎ!

ደम௣ᇁ!

፪Ϳ! ደमᆵ تᆺᆵ! ደमᆵ! تᆺᆵ! ደमᆵ! تᆺᆵ ደमᆵ تᆺᆵ!

ፕקؑ 8 2 22 6 24 6 54 14 ፕקᗼ 1 1 7 2 29 7 37 10

௒Ⴜᗼ 4 1 10 3 11 3 25 7

ᄅێᗼ 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3

ഗၼؑ 5 1 5 1 1 1 11 3

ᄅێؑ 1 1 2 1 3 1 6 3

ٽ ૠ 20 7 47 14 69 19 136 40

(14)

)Π*ҳཎܪኺ໦ࢲ!

ءઔߒऱᓳ਷ኙွො።ீ९Ε׌ٚΕิ९Εᖂீඒஃᄎ෻ࠃ९Εᖄஃፖറٚ

ඒஃΖڂᖂீ๵ᑓլٵΔࠡ୉ᠰᒳࠫՈᄎڶ஁ฆΔࢬא௅ᖕᖂீ๵ᑓऱՕ՛ࠐެ

ࡳޢீ᜔ᑌءᑇ֗ٺߪ։ᑌءᑇΔࠡ։಻ֱڤڕ। 2 ࢬقΖط࣍ऴ൷طઔߒृᖙ

൳ऱᙟᖲࢼᑌ܂ᄐመ࣍᜗ሰΔڂڼᖂீඒߛԳ୉հࢼᑌආمრ࠷ᑌֱڤΔܛઔߒ

ृאၡബֱڤലം࠴ബ࿇࿯࠹ᇢᖂீΔࡡಜٺࢼᑌᖂீऱඒ೭׌ٚࢨඒᖂิ९࠰

ܗΔ಼ࠉᇠீ׌ٚΕิ९Εఄ్ᖄஃΕറٚඒஃհࢤܑΕࣚ೭ڣᇷΕਢܡ੡ඒஃ ᄎᄎ୉Εਢܡᖜٚඒஃᄎ෻጑ࠃ࿛යٙΔ܂ᔞᅝऱ։಻Δࠌᑌءޓࠠז।ࢤΖ

ے2! Ϩ௣ᇁደमᆺΏ˷਩̟В˷ٙے

໢ۯΚٝ

ደम௣ᇁ

՘˷

24

ॲ̾ʮ

25-48

ॲ

49

ॲ̾ʰ

ீ९

1 1 1

׌ٚ

3 3 4

ิ९

4 5 6

ᖂீඒஃᄎ෻ࠃ९

1 1 1

ఄ్ᖄஃ

4 6 8

റٚඒஃ

3 4 5

ٽ ૠ

16 20 25

ࠉՂ૪ٺၸ੄ࢼᑌऱ࿨࣠ΔૠጩנٺᗼؑΕٺጟᖂீ๵ᑓհࢼᑌᑇ֗ᑌءᑇΔ ڕ। 3 ࢬقΖࠉᖕ Sudmanΰ1976αऱ৬ᤜΔԫ౳אԳ೚੡ኙွऱᓳ਷ઔߒΔڕ࣠

ਢچ೴ࢤऱઔߒΔঞؓ݁ᑌءԳᑇᚨપڇ 500Ё1000 Գհၴΰ֧۞ܦࣔ෎Δ1991Κ

228

αΔࠉڼ৬ᤜΔঞءઔߒࢬࢼ࠷ऱᑌءᑇᚨਢᔞᅝऱΖ

(15)

ے3! Ϩ௣ᇁደमتᆺᆵ̅ᆺΏᆵఙΰے

24

ॲ̾ʮ

25-48

ॲ

49

ॲ̾ʰ ϫ

ࡎ ደम

௣ᇁ

፪Ϳ تᆺᆵ

Ğؚğ

ᆺΏᆵ Ğ࢏ğ

تᆺᆵ Ğؚğ

ᆺΏᆵ Ğ࢏ğ

تᆺᆵ Ğؚğ

ᆺΏᆵ Ğ࢏ğ

تᆺᆵ Ğؚğ

ᆺΏᆵ Ğ࢏ğ

ءം࠴հய৫ऱ৬مΔץਔփ୲ய৫֗৬ዌய৫Ζ౿։૪ڕՀΚ

1.

փ୲ய৫

ءઔߒം࠴փ୲ய৫ऱ৬مመ࿓ઌᅝᣤ᠃Ζଈ٣٣ຘመᇡาऱ֮᣸։࣫৬م

෻ᓵਮዌΔ٦௅ᖕ෻ᓵਮዌ๻ૠം࠴ॣᒚΔ੡ᒔঅം࠴ᠲؾ๻ૠ֗อૠֱऄΔ౨ ሒࠩઔߒऱؾऱΔࠀམڍڻፖอૠᖂ୮ၞ۩ಘᓵΕଥإΖྥ৵ം࠴ॣᒚಬᓮԿۯ ඒߛ۩ਙᖂृאᒔمം࠴փ୲ฤٽփොΔ٦ಬ࿯Բۯഏխீ९ΕԲۯᖂீඒஃᄎ

෻ࠃ९ᐉᔹଥإΔאܓം࠴౨ฤٽኔᎾൣउΔࠀᖕאᒳګቃᇢം࠴Ζ

2.

৬ዌய৫

ءઔߒאڂై։࣫ࠐ৬م৬ዌய৫Δࠀאᑌء೴഑Զࢬഏاխᖂऱ 138 ٝം

࠴ၞ۩ቃᇢΔࠡڂై։࣫࿨࣠ፖ๻ૠऱ෻࢚ՕીฤٽΖ܀ڂᑌءᑇ֜֟Δஎᄎข

(16)

سৰՕᎄ஁ΰڂై։࣫ᠲؾᑇፖᑌءᑇऱֺࠏ່֟૞ 1Κ5αΰ׆অၞΔ1999Κ700αΔ ࢬאઔߒृ࣍إڤം࠴ழ٦೚ԫڻڂై։࣫Ζءઔߒආش׌ګ։։࣫ऄΰprincipal

factor analysis

αၞ۩ڂైဇ࠷Δࠀא່Օ᧢ฆऄΰvarimaxαࠐၞ۩ڂై᠏ၗΔ᠏

ၗگᚹ࣍ 6 ଡᦤזΔ։࣫࿨࣠։੡ 3 ଡڂైΔ։ܑ੡আၞᖂீิ៣ؾᑑሒګΰڂ

ైԫαΕᆵኔᖂீءۯጥ෻෻࢚ΰڂైԲαΕঅᎽܓ୭ᣂএԳᦞఛΰڂైԿαΔ׊ޢ ᠲऱڂై૤๛ၦ݁ڇ .50 אՂΰ׆অၞΔ1999Κ718αΔࠡ࿨࣠ڕ। 4 ࢬقΖ

ے4! ੽Ε˛ደ෱᝝֞੦ོѰЙझڟϰশ˷ٙے

ϰশϪႎ ᖠ෶ ϰশʙ

ࡒ௉ු

ϰশʠ ࡒ௉ු

ϰশʭ

ࡒ௉ු ϓϣؒ

10 .609 .638

11 .565 .562

12 .685 .606

13 .785 .745

14 .742 .680

15 .738 .637

16 .615 .616

17 .591 .580

18 .719 .671

19 .774 .687

20 .660 .553

21 .695 .590

22 .639 .504

23 .777 .672

24 .784 .701

25 .779 .692

26 .807 .728

27 .698 .634

28 .697 .631

29 .543 .556

ڂైԫ ᖂீิ៣ؾᑑ

30 .715 .660

(17)

1 .700 .574

2 .760 .672

3 .751 .642

4 .730 .624

ڂైԲ ᖂீءۯጥ෻

5 .549 .587

6 .759 .732

7 .529 .617

8 .742 .663

ڂైԿ ܓ୭ᣂএԳᦞఛ

9 .657 .479

௽ ᐛ ଖ 11.125 4.052 3.758 ଡܑᇞᤩ᧢ฆၦ 37.082% 13.508% 12.526%

ีᗨᇞᤩ᧢ฆၦ 37.082%

50.590% 63.116%

)Π*࡙߬ޟ࡚ҳ!

ം࠴ᆖփ୲ய৫ፖ৬ዌய৫ە᧭৵Δ٦ኙঅఎՀࠐऱᠲؾࢬዌګऱം࠴ၞ۩

ॾ৫։࣫ΔشאԱᇞം࠴ऱױᔾ࿓৫Ζءം࠴ආش Cronbach α এᑇΔএᑇ။೏Δ

।قॾ৫။ړΰພسدΔ1992Κ80αΔءၦ। Cronbach α এᑇ੡ .9618Δၦ।ٺڂ

ైհॾ৫։࣫࿨࣠։ܑ੡Κআၞᖂீิ៣ؾᑑሒګΰڂైԫαऱ Cronbach α এᑇ

੡ .9569Εᆵኔᖂீءۯጥ෻෻࢚ΰڂైԲαऱ Cronbach α এᑇ੡ .8324ΕঅᎽ ܓ୭ᣂএԳᦞఛΰڂైԿαऱ Cronbach α এᑇ੡ .7772Δ᧩قॾ৫ߜړΔം࠴ױ شΖ

˲ăဂފുӕ!

ءᓳ਷ઔߒאᖂீ੡໢ۯΔലം࠴ၡബ࿯ٺᑌءᖂீऱ࠹ࡡಜԳ୉Δ٥ૠ 40 ࢬᑌءഏاխᖂΔബ࿇ 867 ٝം࠴Ζ੡Ա༼೏ം࠴ڃگ෷Δઔߒृ࣍ബ࿇ം࠴ছΔ ٣ܓشሽᇩᐛޣٺᑌءᖂீऱඒ೭׌ٚࢨඒᖂิ९ऱٵრΔٵழ࣍ബ࿇࿯ٺீհ ᓳ਷ം࠴๳խΔॵՂઔߒृհࡡಜࠤΔࡡಜࠤխᇡาᎅࣔം࠴ᓳ਷ऱؾऱΕᙇ࠷

Ⴤ࿠ृऱ଺ঞ֗گ࿇ം࠴ऱࣹრࠃႈΔࠀᓮٺீ࠹ࡡಜԳ୉࣍ം࠴Ⴤ࿠ݙฅ৵อ ԫნᏘΔܓشڃၡॾ৞ബڃΖ

ം࠴࣍ 2002 ڣ 4 ִ 29 ֲബנ৵ΔຬᥛڃگΔࠀ࣍ം࠴ബڃኲֲַ৵Δאሽ

(18)

ᇩၞ۩ം࠴ႝگΔא༼೏ڃگ෷Δኲ۟ 2002 ڣ 5 ִ 21 ֲ٥ૠڃگ 603 ٝΔڃگ

෷੡ 69.6 %Ζലഗءᇷறլ٤Ε़ػऱᐒ࠴Δא֗ം࠴รԫຝ։آ܂࿠ᠲᑇ၌መ նᠲृΔ٨੡ྤயം࠴ΰ٥ 16 ٝαΔղאڬೈ৵Δ൓ڶயം࠴ 587 ٝΔڶயം࠴

ڃگ෷੡ 67.7 %Δط࣍ԫ౳ऱം࠴ᓳ਷Δᚨڶ 50 %אՂऱڃگ෷Δᇷறऱ։࣫թ ڶრᆠΰܦࣔ෎Δ1991Κ352αΔڂڼءઔߒհം࠴ڃگ෷բሒࠩຍଡֽᄷΖ

ʜăཥट௎୩!

ءઔߒආشऱอૠᑓڤΔץਔؓ݁ᑇΕۍ։ֺΕ໢ڂ՗᧢ฆᑇ։࣫ΰOne Way

ANOVA

α֗ؼዿཤᗨ஁ઌᣂΖ౿༉ࠡ๠෻ऱઔߒؾऱ։૪ڕՀΚ

ଈ٣ؓ݁ᑇڱڇشࠐ։࣫ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ؾᑑሒګऱ෼उΔࠡڻۍ։ֺش ࠐ։࣫ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ܺቼऱ෼उ֗ᇞެഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ऱ࿜ฃΔ٦ृ໢ڂ

՗᧢ฆᑇ։࣫֗ؼዿཤᗨ஁ઌᣂشࠐ։࣫ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ܺቼኙႃ᧯࠰೸ؾᑑ ሒګऱᐙ᥼Ζ

དྷăአߤඕڍ۞̶ژᄃ੅ኢ

ᓳ਷࿨࣠ऱ։࣫ፖಘᓵࠉઔߒؾऱࠉݧףא։૪ڕՀΚ

ʙă੽Ε˛ደ෱᝝֞੦άᆿྀЙ˞୪ٷڟ˷ٙჄਆባ!

௅ᖕ। 5 ࢬقΔؾছഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ؾᑑሒګऱ෼उ᥆խ࿛࿓৫Δឈྥࠡ

ؾᑑሒګऱ෼उઃՕ࣍ M = 2.50Δ܀ط࣍ݺഏԳൣ֮֏հਚΔჄ࿠ृऱڃ࿠ᑑᄷ ຏൄᄎ᝟࣍ൕᐈΔࢬאഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ሎ܂ឈྥڶګயΔ܀ᝫڶޏ࿳ऱ़ၴΖ

ࠡխፂᥨܓ୭ᣂএԳऱᦞఛለࠠګயΔࠡڻ੡আၞᖂீؾᑑሒګΔ٦ृ੡ᆵኔᖂ

ீءۯጥ෻Δ܀Կृઌ஁լਢৰՕΖ

(19)

ے5! ੽Ε˛ደ෱᝝֞੦άᆿྀЙڟ୪ٷ˷ٙے

۬Ꭶ੢෢

95%

˞஛ࡎ̨ྲྀ

஛ࡎුᆵ

෱᝝֞੦άᆿ

΁үᆵ

ĞͲᔈුےğ ᆿລ࣯

ʮߨ ʰߨ

૶ӕ

ᆵኔᖂீءۯጥ෻ 2.66

0.54 2.62 2.71 3

ፂᥨܓ୭ᣂএԳऱᦞఛ 2.92 0.48

2.88 2.96 1

আၞᖂீؾᑑऱሒګ 2.74 0.52

2.70 2.78 2

ᖞ᧯ؾᑑሒګ 2.75

0.48 2.71 2.79

ʠă੽Ε˛ደ෱᝝֞੦Ҩ࿪୪ٷڟ˷ٙჄਆባ!

௅ᖕ। 6 ࢬقΔഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸հሎ܂ᒔڶܺቼژڇΔ່ࠡՕऱܺቼڇ࣍

࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽΰ׭ 56.9%αΔࠡ၌መჄ࿠ृ 50%Δא֗࠰೸व౨լߩΰ׭

49.2%

αΔࠡჄ࿠ृ᝟२࣍ 50%Ζࠡڻ੡࠰೸چۯլኙ࿛ΰ׭ 39.5%αΔࠡჄ࿠ृ᝟

࠰೸व౨լߩ

289 49.2 2 280 47.7 18 3.1

!

(20)

ʭă੽Ε˛ደ෱᝝֞੦Ҩ࿪ဇ੽Ε˛ደ෱᝝֞੦άᆿྀЙᆇ ᛪڟ˷ٙჄਆባ!

௅ᖕ। 7 ֗। 8 ࢬقΔഏاխᖂਢܡژڇႃ᧯࠰೸ሎ܂ܺቼΔྤᓵਢ࠰೸چ ۯլኙ࿛Ε࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽΕྤऄၞ۩෻ࢤ࠰೸ΕղԳञᦞኆܓऱٱွΕႃ᧯

࠰೸ऱव౨լߩΔઃኙ࣍ႃ᧯࠰೸ؾᑑሒګڶ᧩ထ஁ฆऱᐙ᥼Δࠀܧ෼᧩ထ૤ઌ ᣂࢤΖطڼ᧩قഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ሎ܂ऱܺቼΔૉլףאᇞެऱᇩΔലᄎኙ࣍ႃ

᧯࠰೸ؾᑑऱኔ෼Δขسլܓऱᐙ᥼Ζ

ے 7! ੽Ε˛ደ෱᝝֞੦Ҩ࿪ဇػ֏෱᝝֞੦άᆿྀЙᆇᛪ࣯୴̨ྲྀ

ڟᝐ୴ᆵ˷ٙᒂے

෱᝝֞੦άᆿ

෱᝝֞੦Ҩ࿪ ༣ဂደम

Ώѝ႓୩

Ⴐᛖҁࣛ

ᘰ۽ʡᜌউ

ܡ

(2)>(1) * (2)>(1) * (2)>(1) *

*p < .05

(21)

ے 8! ੽Ε˛ደ෱᝝֞੦Ҩ࿪Ⴤ੽Ε˛ደ෱᝝֞੦άᆿྀЙڟߺᘰ۽

ᆵ˷ٙᒂے

෱᝝֞੦άᆿ

෱᝝֞੦Ҩ࿪

༣ဂደम Ώѝ႓୩

Ⴐᛖҁࣛ

ᘰ۽ʡᜌউ

۴෌ደम άᆿྀЙ

࠰೸چۯլኙ࿛

- .26** - .22** - .36**

࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽ

- .23** - .20** - .36**

ྤऄၞ۩෻ࢤ࠰೸

- .26** - .26** - .36**

ղԳञᦞኆܓٱွ

- .26** - .25** - .34**

࠰೸व౨լߩ

- .28** - .30** - .39**

**p < .01

ͲăཌԚ੽Ε˛ደ෱᝝֞੦Ҩ࿪˞ࡧࡌൊୱ˷ٙ!

ઔߒृאնګΰ50%α܂੡ᑑᄷΔڕ࣠Ⴤ࿠ᇞެഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ܺቼ࿜ฃ ۍ։ֺሒ 50%אՂΔঞലࠡ٨੡ᇞެᇠܺቼऱ׌૞࿜ฃΖ௅ᖕ। 9 ࢬقΔᇞެ࠰

೸چۯլኙ࿛ऱ׌૞࿜ฃΔץਔீ९ආا׌ၲࣔऱᏆᖄଅ௑Εףൎا׌ऄएైᕆΙ ᇞެ࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽऱ࿜ฃΔץਔףൎᖂீګ୉ऱᄮຏݾ؏Ε৬مࡳཚऱᄮຏ ጥሐΕீ९ආا׌ၲࣔऱᄮຏଅ௑Εףൎا׌ऄएైᕆΙᇞެྤऄၞ۩෻ࢤ࠰೸

ऱ࿜ฃΔץਔףൎا׌ऄएైᕆΕףൎၲ࣋ಘᓵ౨ԺΕ৬مࡳཚᄮຏጥሐΕீ९ ආا׌ၲֲᏆᖄଅ௑ΙᇞެղԳञᦞኆܓٱွऱ࿜ฃΔץਔףൎറᄐߪ։֘ઊ౨ ԺΕףൎا׌ऄएైᕆΕૡࡳၺ٠ऄூࢨ۞৳ֆપΙᇞެ࠰೸व౨լߩऱ࿜ฃΔ ץਔᖂீګ୉׌೯۞࿇ᖂ฾Εᆤᓮீ؆റ୮ࠩீਐᖄΖጵߢូ౏հΔீ९ආشا

׌ऱᏆᖄଅ௑Εףൎا׌ऄएऱైᕆΕ৬مٺጟᄮຏᖲࠫΕףൎᖂீګ୉۞ઊ౨

ԺΕᆤᓮீ؆റ୮ਐᖄΔګ੡ᇞެႃ᧯࠰೸ܺቼऱૹ૞࿜ฃΖ

(22)

ے9! ཌԚ੽Ε˛ደ෱᝝֞੦Ҩ࿪˞ൊୱ˷ٙᒂے

૶ ӕ

֞੦ϴѝ

˚ဇ൉

֞੦๎Վ

˚ؾጌϫ

ഒٲ෌ї ୩ؒ֞੦

ˠʡڌᜌ

࿴ҁϟණ

֞੦ڣ৖

˚՗

1

ீ ९ ආ ا ׌ ၲ

ࣔᏆᖄଅ௑

ΰ73.6%α

ף ൎ ᖂ ீ ګ ୉ ऱᄮຏݾ؏

ΰ75.0%α

ף ൎ ا ׌ ऄ ए

ైᕆ

ΰ65.6%α

ף ൎ റ ᄐ ߪ ։

֘ઊ౨Ժ ΰ71.2%α

ᖂ ீ ګ ୉ ׌ ೯

۞࿇ᖂ฾

ΰ82.5%α

2

ף ൎ ا ׌ ऄ ए

ైᕆ ΰ69.5%α

৬ م ࡳ ཚ ᄮ ຏ ऱጥሐ

ΰ67.1%α

ף ൎ ၲ ࣋ ಘ ᓵ ऱ౨Ժ

ΰ65.4%α

ף ൎ ا ׌ ऄ ए

ైᕆ ΰ60.8%α

ᆤ ᓮ ீ ؆ റ ୮

ࠩீਐᖄ ΰ59.8%α

3

ଥ ޏ ऄ ח ᒔ অ

࠰೸چۯ ΰ45.0%α

ீ ९ ආ ا ׌ ၲ

ࣔᄮຏଅ௑

ΰ61.8%α

৬ م ࡳ ཚ ᄮ ຏ ऱጥሐ

ΰ65.1%α

ૡ ࡳ ၺ ٠ ऄ ூ ࢨ۞৳ֆપ

ΰ56.7%α

ඒߛ۩ਙᖲᣂګ م᎖ᖄࡡ୉ᄎ

ΰ38.2%α

4

ᎅ հ א ෻ ࠌ ኙ

ֱ൷࠹

ΰ44.3%α

ף ൎ ا ׌ ऄ ए

ైᕆ ΰ61.2%α

ீ ९ ආ ا ׌ ၲ

ࣔᏆᖄଅ௑

ΰ54.2%α

ᨃ ୮ ९ ೶ ፖ ீ ೭

ΰ33.7%α

ඒߛ۩ਙᖲᣂᒳ

፹֫םᙕᐙ൅

ΰ32.9%α

5

طֆإԳՓΕറ ୮࠰ᓳᇞެ

ΰ26.6%α

طֆإԳՓΕറ ୮࠰ᓳᇞެ

ΰ24.5%α

طֆإԳՓΕറ ୮࠰ᓳᇞެ

ΰ22.8%α

طֆإԳՓΕറ ୮࠰ᓳᇞެ

ΰ25.0%α

ࠡהʳ ΰ1.2%α

6

ආ ش ࣂ ࠫ ऱ ۩ ೯

ΰ4.1%α

ආ ش ࣂ ࠫ ऱ ۩ ೯

ΰ3.4%α

ࠡהʳ ΰ0.9%α ࠡהʳ ΰ1.2%α

7

ࠡה ΰ1.5%α ࠡהʳ ΰ2.0%α

߄ҢࣁЬाޑှ،฼ౣ

(23)

Ёăඕኢᄃޙᛉ

ʙăൖ! ባ!

ءઔߒ௅ᖕઔߒؾऱ֗ᓳ਷࿨࣠ऱ։࣫ፖಘᓵΔ༼נ؄រ࿨ᓵΖ౿։૪ڕՀΚ

)Ι*࿋ࠉ୽ҕϛᏰ໱ᡝڞ୦ޟԙਝน࡟ё஼!

ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ऱؾᑑሒګणኪΔ᥆࣍խ࿛࿓৫Δ׊ྤᓵڇᆵኔءۯጥ෻Ε ፂᥨܓ୭ᣂএԳऱᦞఛ֗আၞᖂீؾᑑऱሒګઌ஁լՕΖ܀ط࣍ݺഏԳൣ֮֏հ ਚΔڇေၦᖂீิ៣ሎ܂ऱګய᝟࣍ᐈᠾΔڂڼᅝছഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ሎ܂ऱګ யྫৱףൎΖ

)Π*࿋ࠉ୽ҕϛᏰ໱ᡝڞ୦ၶ݂ᡗޟ֨ცȂкौѓࢂڞ୦ཎَϚܾ

ᐌӫȃڞ୦ޣ૖ϚٗȂڏԩ࢐ڞ୦Ӵ՝ޟϚᄇ้!

ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ሎ܂ࠠڶܺቼژڇΔଈ٣ለࣔ᧩ऱܺቼΔץਔ࠰೸რߠլ

࣐ᖞٽΕ࠰೸व౨լߩΖࠡڻژڇઌᅝ࿓৫ऱܺቼ੡࠰೸چۯऱլኙ࿛Ζۖለլ

ࣔ᧩ऱܺቼΔঞץਔྤऄၞ۩෻ࢤ࠰೸֗ղԳञᦞኆܓऱٱွΖ

)έ*୽ҕϛᏰ໱ᡝڞ୦ޟ֨ცȂོഅԙ໱ᡝڞ୦Ҭ኿ႀԙޟϚցኇ

៪!

ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ऱܺቼΔץਔ࠰೸چۯऱլኙ࿛Ε࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽΕྤ

ऄၞ۩෻ࢤ࠰೸ΕղԳञᦞኆܓऱٱွ֗࠰೸व౨ऱլߩΖ،ଚኙ࣍ႃ᧯࠰೸ؾ ᑑऱሒګΔྤᓵਢᆵኔᖂீءۯጥ෻Εፂᥨܓ୭ᣂএԳऱᦞఛΕࢨআၞᖂீؾᑑ ऱሒګΔઃᄎທګլܓऱᐙ᥼Ζڂڼᇞެഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ऱܺቼΔԯਢᅝছऱ ૹ૞ՠ܂Ζ

)Ѳ*၌ؚ୽ҕϛᏰ໱ᡝڞ୦֨ცޟ๊౱Ȃџѓࢂਮߝ௴Ңҕкޟሴ Ᏺॳਿȃё஼ҕкݲݽશᎴȃ࡚ҳӨᆍྜ೽ᐠڙȃё஼Ᏸਮԙ ষޟՌࣸ૖Ψȃဒ፜ਮѴடড়ࡾᏲ!

ڇᇞެഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ܺቼऱመ࿓խΔଈ٣ૉீ९ආشا׌ऱᏆᖄଅ௑Δ

ঞױᇞެ࠰೸چۯլኙ࿛Ε࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽΕྤऄၞ۩෻ࢤ࠰೸ऱܺቼΔ،ਢ

(24)

ԫଡઌᅝૹ૞ऱ࿜ฃΖࠡڻૉᖂீګ୉౨ףൎا׌ऄएైᕆΔঞױאᇞެ࠰೸چ ۯլኙ࿛Ε࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽΕྤऄၞ۩෻ࢤ࠰೸ΕղԳञᦞኆܓٱွऱܺቼΔ

،Ոਢԫଡઌᅝૹ૞ऱ࿜ฃΖ٦ृૉᖂீګ୉౨৬مᄮຏᖲࠫΔঞױאᇞެ࠰೸

რߠլ࣐ᖞٽΕྤऄၞ۩෻ࢤ࠰೸ऱܺቼΔۖ׊ᄮຏᖲࠫΔץਔףൎᖂீګ୉ऱ ᄮຏݾ؏Ε৬مࡳཚऱᄮຏጥሐΕףൎၲ࣋ಘᓵऱ౨Ժ࿛Ζ٦ڻૉᖂீګ୉౨ף ൎऱ۞ઊ౨ԺΔঞױאᇞެղԳञᦞኆܓऱٱွΕ࠰೸व౨լߩऱܺቼΔࠡࠠ᧯

۩੡ץਔףൎറᄐ۞ݺ֘ઊऱ౨ԺΕᣋრૡࡳၺ٠ऄூ֗۞৳ֆપΕ౨ജ׌೯۞

࿇ᖂ฾Ζ່৵ૉ౨ᆤᓮீ؆റ୮ࠩீਐᖄΔঞױᇞެ࠰೸व౨լߩऱܺቼΖ

ʠăݚ! ᚊ!

ءઔߒ௅ᖕ࿨ᓵ༼נ৬ᤜΖڼ؆Δط࣍ءઔߒսڶࠡૻࠫΔڂڼءઔߒՈಾ

ኙآࠐઔߒृ༼נ৬ᤜΔନࠌ৵ᥛઌᣂઔߒޓࠠංᐖࢤΖ౿༉ࠡาᆏ։૪ڕՀΚ

)Ι*ඪЀ୽ҕϛᏰ໱ᡝڞ୦ԙਝП७ޟ࡚ដ!

ႃ᧯࠰೸ऱمᓵൎᓳܓ୭ᣂএԳጝܓऱፂᥨΔףՂඒߛ۩ਙᖲᣂΕ୮९Εֆ إԳՓΔڇᇞެႃ᧯࠰೸ܺቼऱߡۥΔૹ૞ࢤࠀլ᧩ထΔڂڼء֮ಾኙ׌૞ܓ୭ ᣂএԳ೚נ৬ᤜΔץਔᖂீ۩ਙԳ୉֗ඒஃᄎګ୉Δؾऱڇݶຒ༼֒ᅝছഏاխ ᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ऱګய

1.

૞ܘԺ༼֒ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ऱګய

ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ऱګயࡸৱ༼֒Δۖᅝছႃ᧯࠰೸ሎ܂ऱૹ૞ܺቼΔץਔ

࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽΕ࠰೸व౨լߩΕ࠰೸چۯլኙ࿛Δ׊،ଚኙ࣍ഏاխᖂႃ᧯

࠰೸ؾᑑऱሒګΔᄎขسլܓऱᐙ᥼Ζڂڼᇞެ࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽΕ࠰೸व౨լ ߩΕ࠰೸چۯլኙ࿛ऱܺቼΔਢࠥլ୲ᒷऱࠃൣΖഗ࣍ڼΔᇞެ࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞ ٽܺቼၞ۩ऱ࿓ݧΔᚨףൎᖂீګ୉ऱᄮຏݾ؏Ε৬مࡳཚᄮຏऱጥሐΕீ९ආ شا׌ၲࣔऱᄮຏଅ௑Εףൎᖂீګ୉ऱا׌ऄएైᕆ࿛Ιᇞެ࠰೸व౨լߩܺ

ቼၞ۩ऱ࿓ݧΔᚨץਔᖂீګ୉׌೯۞࿇ᖂ฾ઌᣂव౨Εᆤᓮீ؆റ୮ਐᖄ࿛Ι

ᇞެ࠰೸چۯլኙ࿛ܺቼၞ۩ऱ࿓ݧΔᚨץਔீ९ආ࠷ا׌ၲࣔऱᏆᖄଅ௑Εף

ൎᖂீګ୉ا׌ऄएైᕆ࿛Ζ

(25)

2.

૞ܘԺᇞެ࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽऱܺቼ

ڇႃ᧯࠰೸ऱመ࿓խΔ੡༼֒ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ऱګயΔᖂீګ୉ᚨܘԺᇞ

ެრߠլ࣐ᖞٽऱܺቼΖᇞެრߠլ࣐ᖞٽܺቼऱ࿜ฃΔץਔףൎᖂீګ୉ऱᄮ ຏݾ؏Ε৬مࡳཚऱᄮຏጥሐ֗ףൎا׌ऄएైᕆΖ౿༉ࠡᇡาრො։૪ڕՀΚ

ଈ٣༉ףൎᖂீګ୉ऱᄮຏݾ؏ۖߢΔᖂீګ୉ᚨᇠট࣍।ሒრߠΔࠀ׊۴ ᙟแᦫΕ෻ᇞΕ༇ૹΔၞۖፖהԳၞ۩ኙᇩΔ່৵ሒࠩ٥ٵ۩೯ֱٻ৬مऱؾऱΔ

ၞۖ༼֒ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ऱګயΖࠡڻ༉৬مࡳཚᄮຏጥሐۖߢΔᖂீ۩ਙ᧯

ߓፖඒஃᄎၴΔᚨᇠࡳཚፋᄎΔಘᓵ࢖ڼጝઘઌᣂऱംᠲΔאᝩ܍౒׎ᄮຏጥሐΔ ᖄી࢖ڼၴऱᎄᄎΔၞۖ༼֒ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ऱګயΖ່৵༉ףൎا׌ऄएై

ᕆۖߢΔᖂீګ୉૞༇ૹܑԳऱ೶ፖᦞܓ֗რߠΔࠀ᧯ᎁا׌ऱటᘥΕवऄښऄΔ ലڶܗ࣍ᇞެ࠰೸რߠլ࣐ᖞٽऱܺቼΔၞۖ༼֒ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ऱګயΖ

3.

૞ܘԺᇞެ࠰೸व౨լߩऱܺቼ

ڇႃ᧯࠰೸ऱመ࿓խΔ੡༼֒ႃ᧯࠰೸ऱګயΔᖂீګ୉ᚨܘԺᇞެ࠰

೸व౨լߩऱܺቼΖᇞެ࠰೸լߩܺቼऱ࿜ฃΔץਔᖂீګ୉׌೯۞࿇ᖂ฾

֗ᆤᓮீ؆റ୮ࠩீਐᖄΖଈ٣༉ᖂீګ୉׌೯۞࿇ᖂ฾ۖߢΔᖂீګ୉ᚨᇠ׌

೯ൕጻሁ፦ႃႃ᧯࠰೸ઌᣂऱवᢝΔઔᦰٺጟઌᣂᓵ֮Δףא։࣫Δࠀᖞ෻נኙ

࣍ᖂீႃ᧯࠰೸ڶشऱवᢝΔࠀ៶ڼףൎ۞ઊऱ౨ԺΔၞۖ༼֒ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰

೸ሎ܂ऱګயΖڼ؆Δᖂீګ୉Ո૞׌೯แᦫٺጟઌᣂऱዝᝑΔࠀፖዝᝑृኙᇩΔ אᝩ܍ᎄشΖࠡڻΔᖂீᚨᆤᓮீ؆റ୮ࠩீਐᖄΔאךኔᖂீګ୉ႃ᧯࠰೸ऱ ઌᣂव౨Ζ௽ܑ૞ᎅࣔऱਢΔீ؆റ୮ᚨڇႃ᧯࠰೸ڶ෡ԵઔߒृΔֱ౨ႚᎠإ ᒔհႃ᧯࠰೸ऱୃᖂॾ࢚Δࠀᚥܗᖂீګ୉ᑵᒭႃ᧯࠰೸ऱݾ؏Δၞۖ༼֒ഏا խᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ऱګயΖ

4.

૞ܘԺᇞެ࠰೸چۯլኙ࿛ऱܺቼ

ڇႃ᧯࠰೸ऱመ࿓խΔ੡༼֒ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ऱګயΔᖂீګ୉ᚨܘԺᇞ

ެ࠰೸چۯլኙ࿛ऱܺቼΖᇞެ࠰೸چۯլኙ࿛ܺቼऱ࿜ฃΔץਔீ९ආا׌ၲ

ࣔऱᏆᖄଅ௑֗ףൎا׌ऄएైᕆΖଈ٣༉ீ९ආا׌ၲࣔऱᏆᖄଅ௑ۖߢΔீ

९ᚨᇠ૞ڶၲ࣋ऱ౥ᢘΔኙ࣍ٚ۶࠰೸ᤜᠲΔլᚨᇠቃ๻م໱Δࠀڶ൷࠹ᓵ૪ऱ

ႁၦΔࠀቔᚐᖂீ۩ਙԳ୉Ոڕڼ೚Δലڶܗ࣍ᇞެ࠰೸լኙ࿛ऱܺቼΔၞۖ༼

(26)

֒ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ऱګயΖࠡڻ༉ףൎا׌ऄएైᕆۖߢΔᖂீګ୉૞༇ૹܑ

Գऱ࿇ߢᦞ֗೶ፖᦞΔࠀᙅښႃ᧯࠰೸ऱઌᣂऄחΔ֎वऄनऄΔലڶܗ࣍ᇞެ

࠰೸چۯլኙ࿛ऱܺቼΔၞۖ༼֒ഏاխᖂႃ᧯࠰೸ऱګயΖ

)Π*ᄇҐپंـޱޟ࡚ដ!

ءઔߒ௅ᖕࠟរૻࠫΔኙآࠐઔߒृ༼נ৬ᤜΔץਔױឩՕઔߒᒤ໮۟ॺإ ڤऱႃ᧯࠰પ֗༼೏࠷ᑌऱچ೴ז।ࢤΔאཚءઔߒऱֱٻޓࠠංᐖࢤΖ౿༉ࠡ

რො։૪ڕՀΚ

1.

ױឩՕઔߒᒤ໮۟ॺإڤႃ᧯࠰પ

ءઔߒאᖂீ۩ਙԳ୉ፖඒஃז।ࢬ೶ፖऱإڤᖂீீ೭੡ઔߒऱ׌ᠲΔآ

ො።ᖂீֲൄሎ܂խࢬၞ۩ऱॺإڤ࠰೸ጥሐፖመ࿓Ζط࣍ؾছഏփऱᖂீิ៣

ႃ᧯࠰೸սڇ൶ಘၸ੄Δ๺ڍ࠰೸սאՑᙰፖॺإڤऱֱڤၞ۩੡ڍΔ۟࣍ࠌش

ႃ᧯࠰೸א᡽ૡإڤऱ஼૿࠰પΔսওૻڇᄕ֟ᑇऱᖂீխၞ۩Δڂڼ৬ᤜآࠐ ऱઔߒृױאឩՕઔߒऱᒤ໮۟ॺإڤऱႃ᧯࠰પຝ։Δאኦ᧩ؾছഏփऱ෼उΖ

2.

༼೏࠷ᑌऱچ೴ז।ࢤ

ءઔߒאקຝքᗼؑբګمᖂீඒஃᄎհഏاխᖂ੡ઔߒኙွΔࢼᑌհֺࠏ

ࡳ੡؄։հԫΰ1Я4αΖط࣍ᄅێᗼΕؑګمᖂீඒஃᄎऱீᑇ։ܑ׽ڶԿࢬፖք ࢬΔءઔߒኙᄅێᗼΕؑٺࢼᑌԿࢬᖂீឈբ၌መ଺٣๻ࡳऱֺࠏΔ܀எല܅۷ Աڼچ೴ᖂீᚨڶհז।ࢤΔګ੡ءઔߒऱૻࠫΔڂڼءઔߒ৬ᤜآࠐऱઔߒृΔ ױא༼೏ᄅێᗼΕؑᖂீհࢼᑌֺࠏΰڕᄅێؑքࢬᖂீઃၞ۩ઔߒαΔލࢨ࣍ᄅ ێᗼΕؑᖂீඒஃᄎீᑇᏺף৵Δ٦ၞ۩ԫڻࢼᑌᓳ਷೚ၞԫޡઔߒΔא༼೏࠷

ᑌऱچ೴ז।ࢤΖ

ȐҁЎׯቪԾఆޱសӃғޑᅺγፕЎǴҗࡰᏤ௲௤໳ΏᅞӃғᆶఆޱសӃғ

ӅӕኗቪֹԋǶགᖴα၂ہ঩ᖴЎӄ௲௤ᆶ݅Ϻએ௲௤ፏӭཀـޑࡰᏤǶȑ

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ણ҂͛ᚥ

׆ߐख़ΰ1997Δ8 ִ 25 ֲαΖᦞԺૹิჺՂឺ૿Δഏ՛ீႼ౑౑ឫឫΖϛѵРൢΔ16 ठΖ

׆অၞΰ1999αΖຜๅގ TQTT ᇄ՗࣏ऋᏰंـΖፕקΚ֨෻Ζ

ڹਫૉΰ᤟αΰ1999αΖR. L. Sauer & K. E. Voelker ထǶ഼ώᜰ߽๖ᄺᇄႆแΖፕקΚ ഏمᒳ᤟ᙴΖ

ܦࣔ෎ΰ1991αΖఀىंـஅҏᢎ܈ᇄПݲϷݙΖፕקΚնতΖ ܦ෎՞ΰ1998αΖఀى८ཱིंـΖፕקΚஃՕ஼૒Ζ

ܦ෎՞ΰ2000αΖఀىี৤ंـΖፕקΚցᅃΖ

ޕد༡ΰ2000αΖૹႿᄅऱீႼᦞԺሎ܂࿨ዌΖᇃᢊఀىȂ6:5Δ଄ 12-23Ζ

ࣥ೛Գΰ2000αΖᖂீءۯጥ෻ऱګயፖૻࠫΖᏰਮ՗ࢇᚖТѐȂ6Δ଄ 63-71Ζ ࡌ⚰ᐂΰ1996αΖ୮९ᄎፖᖂீऱኙᇩᣂএΖѕᑪఀىȂ24Δ଄ 20-24Ζ

৸ ᎛ΰ2000αΖீႼا׌֏ऱञᤜطᄅࠫீ೭ᄎᤜᓫದΖৱЄȂ4:5Δ଄ 34-37Ζ ῥᐜၼΰ1999αΖ୽ҕωᏰᏰਮఀৱོ໱ᡝڞ୦ђ૖ЅڏၼհᐣแϞंـΖፕקؑمஃᒤ

ᖂೃഏاඒߛઔߒࢬጚՓᓵ֮ΔآנठΔፕקΖ

്ࣔᔕΰ1998αΖீႼا׌ᚨܡݹ৺شݴխ՛ᖂᖂீ۞׌ޏ଀ګயॣ൶Ζϛ้ఀىȂ 5:ΰ2αΔ଄ 78-87Ζ

്ᅇዺΰ1996αΖඒஃิ៣ፖψႃ᧯࠰೸ωऱሎشΖఀىၥਟᇄंـȂ9Δ଄ 9-11Ζ

്ᐚᔲΰ2000αΖᄅ׈ધݺഏխ՛ᖂᖂீᆖᛜֱٻΖᏰਮ՗ࢇᚖТѐȂ6Δ଄ 12-22Ζ ഏᎾ໎ՠݝΰ1963αΖღᡝڞ୦ΖፕקΚഏᎾ໎ՠݝΖ

ພسدΰ1992αΖЖ౩ᇄఀىกᡛΖխࡉΚጲဎΖ

༙༄ᄭΰ2000αΖீႼᦞԺ࿨ዌૹิխψඒஃᄎωߡۥऱ։࣫ཚৱፖኔᎾऱ஁၏֗ᘜ ຏΖᇃᢊఀىȂ6:5Δ଄ 47-53Ζ

႓ԯዾΰ2000aαΖࡣ౪фఀى՗ࢇ঱ᏰΖፕקΚஃՕ஼૒Ζ

႓ԯዾΰ2000bΔ6 ִαΖ௃ᇯᜋ፣ፙᏰਮ՗ࢇᅻش՗࣏ޟԙӰЅ௶ଶΖᓵ֮࿇।࣍ഏمਙ एՕᖂΔഏمਙएՕᖂඒߛᖂߓ׌ᙄհψรքڻඒߛ۩ਙᓵᕽᖂ๬ઔಘᄎωΔፕקΖ ႓ԯዾΰ2001aαΖᖂீ۩ਙግ߆۩੡ኔᎾհ൶ߒΚאഏխඒေᄎ੡ࠏΖఀىंـ໱ѐȂ58Δ

଄ 215-257Ζ

႓ԯዾΰ2001bαΖޣᜋငᔼਢфϞᏰਮ՗ࢇগ౩ޟᄂ፺Ζᓵ֮࿇।࣍ഏمፕ᨜ஃᒤՕᖂඒ ߛᖂߓΔഏمፕ᨜ஃᒤՕᖂ׌ᙄհψवᢝᆖᛎፖඒߛ࿇୶ωઔಘᄎΔፕקΖ

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႓ԯዾΰ2002αΖאඒஃኦᦞఛ౨ᨠរૹ৬ᖂீᦞԺسኪऱᖲᄎհ࿗Κඒေᄎሎ܂հᓵ૪Ζ

ఀىࢇ๊፣ᏫȂ6ΰ1αΖ2002 ڣ 5 ִ 25 ֲΔ࠷۞ http://www.epa.ncnu.edu.tw/forum.html ႓ࡲ᧩ΰ1996αΖᖂீ۩ਙᖵ࿓ऱլᒔࡳ௽ᔆ֗ࠡኙᖂீ۩ਙኙᇩऱრොΖఀىंـܚ໱

ѐȂ48Δ଄ 132-151Ζ

ພၞၼΰ᤟αΰ1994αΖP. M. Senge ထΖ಑Ϥ໶ওᗥᏰಬ࠮ಢᙑޟ᛺೚ᇄᄂ୛ΖፕקΚ

֚ՀΖ

ᑰᐝੳΰ2001Δ6 ִαΖᏰਮ८ཱིंـޟᄺࡦᇄհݲΖᓵ֮࿇।࣍ഏمፕ᨜ஃᒤՕᖂΔഏم ፕ᨜ஃᒤՕᖂඒߛᖂߓ׌ᙄհψᖂீ଀ᄅઔಘᄎωΔፕקΖ

ᓐၞႂΰ2000αΖݮႿඒߛᄅࠢᒤኙං೯ඒߛޏ଀ऱᤚኘፖڂᚨȄఀىᄂಬሄᏲ۟ѐȂ6ΰ4αΔ

଄ 82-87Ζ

ᓡ اΰ1994αΖֆ٥ຝ॰ऱႃ᧯࠰೸ભഏֆ೭Գ୉ऱᆖ᧭Ζ഼ၥᜰ߽፣ᘎȂ3Δ଄

81-121Ζ

ᓡ اΰ1996αΖֆ٥ຝ॰ඒஃิ៣ൕ໎೯Կᦞխቸ࿨ᦞऱ։࣫Ζުσ՗ࢇᏰൢȂ7Δ

଄ 55-74Ζ

ᓡ اΰ1999αΖൕ໎೯Կᦞᨠរᓵֆ٥ຝ॰ඒஃᄎ࠰೸ᦞፖᒽՠᦞΖΡМЅޥོऋᏰ໱

ѐȂ22ΰ2αΔ଄ 265-299Ζ

᝔֮٤ΰ2001αΖШၶఀى՗ࢇΖፕקΚնতΖ

᝔මख़ΰ1999Δ5 ִ 13 ֲαΖ೏ؑխ՛ᖂீ९ิீ९࠰ᄎΔآࠐലፖඒஃᄎࡉ୮९ᄎԿߩ ቓمΖᖒӫൢΔ6 ठΖ

᝔ᠺᓍΕ്࿳ཕΰ᤟αΰ2000αΖJ. Greenberg ထΖಢᙑ՗࣏ΖፕקΚᖂ༄Ζ ᚮᅃᅄΰ1990αΖڞ୦ᇄᆓ౩ΖፕקΚ९ࣾΖ

១ߜᖲΰ1991αΖ഼ၥތដҳݲೣጒЅ೎౩ڙ࡙ϞंـΖፕקΚնতΖ

Healy, J, J. (Ed.). (1965). Creative collective bargaining: Meeting today's challenges to labor-management relations. Eaglewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Kassalow, E. M. (1969). Perspective on the upsurge of public employee unionism. In R. T.

Woodworth & R. Peterson (Eds.), Collective negotiation for public and professional employees (pp. 20-30). Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.

Keane, W, G. (1996). Win/win or else: Collective bargaining in an age of public discontent.

Thousand Oaks, CA : Orwin Press.

Kochan, T. A. & Katz, H. C. (1988). Collective bargaining and industrial relations: From theory

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to policy and practice (2nd ed.). Homewood, IL: Irwin.

Nothem, A. H. (1992). Collective bargaining in education: A case book. Needham Heights, MA:

Llyn & Bacon.

Raham, H. (1999). Teacher bargaining today and tomorrow. School Business Affairs, 65(4), 24-27.

Stieber, J. (1969). Dispute settlement in the public and professional sections. In R. T.

Woodworth & R. Peterson (Eds.), Collective negotiation for public and professional employees (pp. 32-37). Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.

Thompson, A. A. (1969). Collective bargaining in the public service- The TVA experience and its implications for other government agencies. In R. T. Woodworth & R. Peterson (Eds.), Collective negotiation for public and professional employees (pp. 42-54). Glenview, IL:

Scott, Foresman.

Webster, W. G. (1985). Effective collective bargaining in public education. Ames, IA: The Iowa State University press.

Woodworth, R. T. & Peterson, R. B. (1969). Collective negotiations in the public and professional sectors: An overview. In R. T. Woodworth & R. Peterson (Eds.), Collective negotiation for public and professional employees (pp. 2-20). Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.

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ܢᐂ˘! ઼ϔ̚ጯะវםથྻүଐڶአߤયס

ະຑ۞ିֈАซĈଋрĊ

ࢵАຏᔁଋдѺѓ̝̚٩۩๱ඍ఺ЊયסĄώયס۞ϫ۞дٺ˞ྋԧ઼઼

ϔ̚ጯะវםથྻү۞ଐڶĂͽүࠎϏֽጯ७ะវםથྻү۞ણ҂Ąયסଳ൑

੃Щ̝๱ඍ͞ёĂଋ۞ྤफ़̈́አߤඕڍ඗၆ܲ૜Ăͷ৷ֻጯఙࡁտ̝ϡĂ̙ү

࣎Ҿጯ७۞̶ژٕͧྵĂະኛֶ໰ଋৌ၁۞ຐڱ๱ඍĄ

⡍兑ଋጐి๱ඍώסĂ֭ٺᔚⱫ៭૟યס嚇ᔪ区⺧匦匲ᢌ㴂ᯕ᧽䚋◟⯺Ą ГѨຏᔁଋ۞͚޺ᄃםӄĊ

ະৡ

ିщ

̚රϔ઼˝Ȉ˘ѐα͡

Ī࢏ʡઅΏཥटī ΰᓮലᔞٽऱᙇႈᇆᒘჄڇٺᠲছ૿ऱਔ࢑փα ΰʳ α1.ࢤܑΚ(1)ߊʳ (2)Ֆ

ΰʳ α2.៭೭Κ(1)ீ९ʳ (2)׌ٚʳ (3)ิ९ʳ (4)ఄ్ᖄஃʳ (5)റٚඒஃ ΰʳ α3.ࣚ೭ڣᇷΚ(1)آየ 5 ڣʳ (2)5 ڣЁآየ 15 ڣʳ (3)15 ڣאՂ

ΰʳ α4.ؾছᖜٚᖂீඒஃᄎऱ៭೭Κ(1)෻ࠃ९ʳ (2)෻጑ࠃʳ (3)ԫ౳ᄎ୉ʳ (4) آףԵඒஃᄎ

ΰʳ α5.ᖂீ๵ᑓΚ(1)24 ఄאՀʳ (2)25Ё48 ఄʳ (3)49 ఄאՂ ΰʳ α6.ᖂீࢬڇچΚ(1)ऴᝤؑʳ (2)ઊᝤؑʳ (3)ᗼᝤؑʳ (4)ၢΕ᠜

ΰʳ α7.ீ᤿Κ(1)آየ 5 ڣʳ (2)5 ڣЁآየ 15 ڣʳ (3)15 ڣЁآየ 25 ڣʳ (4)25

ڣאՂ

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Īาൎჳقī!

1.

ءം࠴٥ԶՕᠲΔ๱ቜԐᖠ఍าᅸΔࠀᓮࠉᅃ൞ኔᎾऱᤚኘፖტ࠹Δڇᔞᅝऱ ϭխؚ֍ψ√ωΖ

3/ءം࠴ೈုࣔψױᓤᙇωհᠲؾ؆Δࠡᕉ݁੡໢ᙇΖ!

4/ڕڶፖᙇႈլٵრߠΔۖ֍ᙇψࠡהωᙇႈழΔᅀᓮڇࠡ৵ऱᖩᒵՂףאᎅࣔΖ!

ĪϪචཌᚗī!

ءઔߒࢬጠհႃ᧯࠰೸এਐደमїއఋ۞ፖደम଀ࣱ๼̈́ے༉ᖂீࠃ೭ၞ۩

࠰೸ࠀ٥ٵެ࿜ऱመ࿓Ζ

Īੰ֢˱࣠ī!

౦ă෱᝝֞੦άᆿྀЙڟڑٷ

ॺ ൄ ʳ ʳ ॺ լ լ ʳ ൄ ٵ ٵ ٵ ٵ რ რ რ რ

ԫΕ൞ᤚ൓ؾছ၆ீႃ᧯࠰೸ऱሎ܂ګயڕ۶Λ... 1ʳ 2ʳ 3ʳ 4

1.

ᨃᖂீګ୉౨٥ٵެࡳᖂீऱԳࠃ... ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

2.

ᨃᖂீګ୉౨٥ٵެࡳᖂீऱᓰ࿓... ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

3.

ᨃᖂீګ୉౨٥ٵެࡳᖂீऱቃጩ... ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

4.

ᨃᖂீګ୉౨٥ٵެࡳᖂீऱඒᖂ... ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

5.

ڶܗ࣍࿇୶נᖂீऱ௽ۥ... ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

6.

ፂᥨԱᖂسऱ࠹ඒᦞ... ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

7.

ፂᥨԱඒஃऱറᄐᦞ... ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

8.

ፂᥨԱ୮९ऱ೶ፖᦞ... ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

9.

ፂᥨԱ۩ਙԳ୉ऱဪၦᦞ... ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

10.

আࠌԱᖂீא່՛ऱᇷᄭᛧ൓່Օऱய࣠... ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

11.

আࠌԱᖂீڶயچሎشᆖ၄... ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

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12.

ᨃᖂீݶຒچݙګቃཚऱؾᑑ ...ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

13.

༼֒Աᖂீګ୉ऱՠ܂Փ௛ ...ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

14.

༼֒Աᖂீګ୉ऱՠ܂የრ৫ ...ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

15.

আၞԱᖂீګ୉ၴࡉᘫऱٵࠃᣂএ ...ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

16.

আၞԱᖂீګ୉ऱറᄐګ९ ...ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

17.

༼֒Աᖂسऱᖂ฾ګ༉ ...ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

18.

༼֒Աᖂீऱᙄᖂᜎய ...ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

19.

ᏺၞᖂீګ୉ၴऱ٥ᢝ ...ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

20.

ᨃᖂீิ៣ሎ܂ฤٽሐᐚ଺ঞ ...ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

22.

᥽֗Աᖂீګ୉ऱଡܑᏁޣ ...ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

23.

আࠌԱᖂீګ୉ᣋრ׌೯಻ٽᖂீऱൻਜ ...ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

24.

༼೏Աᖂீګ୉ኙᖂீऱᎁٵტ ...ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

25.

౨ሎشᄅᨠ࢚ᇞެᖂீऱംᠲ ...ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

26.

༼೏Աᖂீެ࿜ऱ঴ᔆ ...ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

27.

আၞԱீ೭๠෻ऱᐘࢤ֏ ...ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

28.

༼֒Աᖂீᔞᚨ؆ڇ᧢ᔢऱ౨Ժ ...ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

29.

আࠌᖂீ౨ڃᚨष೴ऱᏁޣ ...ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ

30.

༼֒Աᖂீ৬ዌ᎛ནऱ౨Ժ ...ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ !

දă෱᝝֞੦ؚ࡭ᒝڟҨ࿪̅ཌԚڟൊୱ

ԫΕீڇၞ۩ႃ᧯࠰೸ழΔਢܡڶ֞੦ϴѝ˚ဇ൉ऱൣݮΛ ϭ1.ਢ ϭ 2.ܡ

ԲΕ൞ᎁ੡ᚨڕ۶ᇞެ֞੦ϴѝ˚ဇ൉ऱൣݮΛΰױᓤᙇα ϭ1.ீ९ආشا׌ၲࣔऱᏆᖄଅ௑

ϭ2.ףൎᖂீګ୉ऱا׌ऄएైᕆ!

ϭ3.ᎅհא෻Δࠌኙֱ൷࠹ኙ࿛ऱچۯ ϭ4.ଥޏऄחᒔঅ࠰೸چۯ

ϭ5.طֆإԳՓࢨറ୮տԵ࠰ᓳᇞެ

ϭ6.ආشࣂࠫऱ۩೯)ڕΚႃ᧯ࢴ࿪ףఄΕᓮ೗࿛*Δࠐञ࠷ኙ࿛چۯΖ!

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ϭ7.ࠡהΰᓮᎅࣔα ԿΕ၆ீڇၞ۩ႃ᧯࠰೸ழΔਢܡڶ֞੦๎Վ˚ؾጌϫऱൣݮΛ

ϭ1.ਢ ϭ 2.ܡ

؄Ε൞ᎁ੡ᚨڕ۶ᇞެ֞੦๎Վ˚ؾጌϫऱൣݮΛΰױᓤᙇα ϭ1.ீ९ආشا׌ၲࣔऱᄮຏଅ௑

ϭ2.ףൎᖂீګ୉ऱا׌ऄएైᕆ ϭ3.ףൎᖂீګ୉ऱᄮຏݾ؏

ϭ4.৬مᖂீ۩ਙፖඒஃᄎז।ࡳཚᄮຏऱጥሐ!

ϭ5.طֆإԳՓࢨറ୮տԵ࠰ᓳᇞެ

ϭ6.ආشࣂࠫऱ۩೯)ڕΚႃ᧯ࢴ࿪ףఄΕᓮ೗࿛*Δࠌኙֱ൷࠹۞աऱრߠ!

ϭ7.ࠡהΰᓮᎅࣔα նΕ၆ீڇၞ۩ႃ᧯࠰೸ழΔਢܡڶഒٲ෌ї୩ؒ֞੦ऱൣݮΛ

ϭ1.ਢ ϭ 2.ܡ!

քΕ൞ᎁ੡ᚨڕ۶ᇞެഒٲ෌ї୩ؒ֞੦ऱൣݮΛΰױᓤᙇα ϭ1.ீ९ආشا׌ၲࣔऱᏆᖄଅ௑

ϭ2.ףൎᖂீګ୉ऱا׌ऄएైᕆ

ϭ3.৬مᖂீ۩ਙፖඒஃᄎז।ࡳཚᄮຏऱጥሐ ϭ4.ףൎᖂீګ୉ၲ࣋ಘᓵऱ౨Ժ!

ϭ5.طֆإԳՓࢨറ୮տԵ࠰ᓳᇞެ

ϭ6.ࠡהΰᓮᎅࣔα ԮΕ၆ீڇၞ۩ႃ᧯࠰೸ழΔਢܡᄎˠʡڌᜌ࿴ҁڟϟණΛ

ϭ1.ਢ ϭ 2.ܡ

ԶΕ൞ᎁ੡ᚨڕ۶ᇞެˠʡڌᜌ࿴ҁڟϟණΛΰױᓤᙇα ϭ1.ףൎᖂீګ୉ऱا׌ऄएైᕆ

ϭ2.ףൎᖂீګ୉റᄐߪ։ऱ֘ઊ౨Ժ

ϭ3.ૡࡳၺ٠ऄூࢨ۞৳ֆપ৬مᖂீګ୉ऱറᄐݮွ

ϭ4.ᨃ୮९೶ፖீ೭Δ࿇ཀ୮९ᄎऱ጑ᅮࠫᘝפ౨

ϭ5.৬مطֆإԳՓࢨറ୮տԵ࠰ᓳᇞެऱᖲࠫ

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