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第十五章 副詞

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第十五章 副詞

1. 副詞的種類:

種 類 例 字

情狀副詞 well,hard,fast,slowly,carefully…..

時間副詞 now,then,today,yesterday…..

地方副詞 here,there,home,upstairs…..

頻率副詞 always,usually,sometimes,often…..

簡 單 副 詞

程度副詞 very,much,enough,too,so…..

疑問副詞 When?Where?Why?How?

關係副詞 where,when,why,how 註:關係副詞請參閱第十三章關係詞。

2. 副詞的用法與位置

用 法 例 句

They sang loudly.

1. 修 飾 動 詞

(他們大聲地唱歌。)

This book is very interesting.

2. 修 飾 形 容 詞

(這本書很有趣味。)

You speak English very well.

3. 修 飾 副 詞

(你的英語講得很棒。)

4. 修 飾 全 句 Fortunately, the rain stopped when we left.

(很幸運地,當我們動身離開時,兩停了。)

3. 副詞的形成

規則 例字

形容詞+ly kind→kindly,careful→carefully le→ly possible→possibly,simple→simply 子音+y→ily happy→happily,easy→easily ll→lly full→fully

ue→uly true→truly

名詞+ly=形容詞 friend→friendly(友善的),love→lovely(可愛的)

註:副詞與形容詞同形,當用的有下列幾個:

early(早)→early,late(遲)→late hard(努力)→hard,fast(快速的)→fast

(2)

1.簡單副詞的注意事項:

用 法

(1) 小單位副詞+大單位副詞 →(同類的副詞次序)

(2) 狀態+地方+時間 →(不同類的副詞次序)

n o p

1.

I’ll meet you at three o’clock this afternoon.

(我將於今天下午三點鐘見你。)

He lives in a small village in Tainan.

(他住在台南鄉下的一個小村莊裡。)

She sang beautifully at the party last night.

n o p

(她昨晚在宴會中唱得很好。)

(1) 動詞+介副詞+受詞(名詞)

=動詞+受詞(名詞)+介副詞 用

(2) 動詞+受詞(代名詞)+介副詞

〔介副詞如 ono, off, up,…..等〕

2.

Put your hat on.(戴上你的帽子。)

=Put on your hat.

He took off his coat.(他脫掉他的外套。)

=He took his coat off.

Put it on.() Please take it off.() Put on it.() Please take off it.(

【注意】:因“it”為代名詞,所以必須置於動詞與介副詞之間。

be be have 助 V

副詞 + P.P.

V-ing P.P.

原 V

〔被動式〕

〔進行式〕

〔完成式〕

〔助動式〕

3. 例

He was badly wounded. (他受傷嚴重。)

He is still standing there. (他仍然站在那裡。)

Tom has just arrived. (湯姆剛剛到達。)

We shall soon be there. (我們將很快在那裡。)

連綴動詞+形容詞(作主詞補語),此類動詞有:

be(是),seem appear(似乎),look(看起來像),feel(感到),

sound(聽起來),taste(嚐起來),smell(聞起來),

become(=get, grow, turn)(變成)

4. 例

She looks happy.(不可用 happily)

(她好像很快樂。)

The rose smells sweet.(不可用 sweetly)

(玫瑰聞起來香甜。)

The music sounds too loud.(不可用 loudly)

(音樂聲音太大了。)

(3)

2. 疑問副詞的用法

1.疑問副詞只有 when,where,how,why。其用法如下:

用 法 例 句

1. When

〔詢問時間〕

When will you come?

(你何時會回來?)

2. Where

〔詢問地點〕

Where do you live?

(他住在那裡?)

3. Why

〔詢問原因或目的〕

Why did you buy the shirt?

(你為何買這件襯衫?)

4. How

〔詢問方法或程度〕

How did you come?(你是怎麼來的?)

How do you like it?(這東西你覺得怎樣?)

2.How 和形容詞或副詞連用構成下列的片語:

(1) How many (有多少--接可數名詞)

(2) How much (有多少量、錢--接不可數名詞)

(3) How long (有多久之時間--問時間之一段)

(4) How soon (再過多久--問多少時間之後)

(5) How far (有多遠--問距離)

(6) How often (隔多久--問次數)

(7) How old (年紀多大)

(8) How tall high (多高)

(9) How wide (多寬)

(10) How deep (多深)

例 句

A:How often does he come here?(他每隔多久才來一次?)

B:Once a week.(一個星期一次。)

A:How soon will he come back?(再過多久他會回來?)

B:In ten minutes.(再過十分鐘。)

3.易混淆之副詞

1. hard(努力地)

hardly(幾乎不)

study hard(努力用功) rain hard(下大雨)

I can hardly believe it.(我簡直不能相信。)

2. late(遲)

lately(最近地)

He sat up late last night.(他昨晚很晚睡。)

I haven’t seen him lately.(最近我沒有看到他。)

3. near(靠近)

nearly(幾乎)

He sat near me.(他坐在我旁邊。)

He was nearly drowned.(他差點被淹死。)

4. high(高)

highly(很)

We flew high in the sky.(我們在高空飛行。)

It is a highly amusing film.(這是一部很有趣的影片。)

5. short(突然地)

shortly(不久)

The bus stopped short.(公車突然煞車。)

He will arrive shortly.(他不久就會到達。)

(4)

(1)already:已經(用於肯定句)

I have already done it.

(我已經做好了。)

6. already

yet (2)yet:尚未(用於疑問句或否定句)

I haven’t done it yet.

(我還沒做好。)

(1)ago:從前(從現在算起)

I met her two weeks ago.(我兩週前遇過她。)

7. ago

before (2)before:從前(從過去某時算起的從前)

He said he had met her two weeks before.

(他說他在兩週前曾遇過她。)

(1)so(也)用於肯定句,其後要接倒裝句型:

I can swim, and so can he.

(我會游泳,他也會。)

8.

so nor

neither (2)nor neither(也不)用於否定句,其後要接倒裝句型:

He doesn’t like flowers, and nor neither does she.

(他不喜歡花,她也不喜歡。)

(1) very 修飾現在分詞,much 修飾過去分詞:

It is a very interesting book.

He was much puzzled with it (他對它感到很困惑。)

(2) very 修飾原級,much 修飾比較級:

She is very pretty.(她很美。)

She is much prettier than her sister.

(她比她的姊姊美得多。)

(3) very 及 much 均可修飾最高級,但位置不同:

He is the very most diligent boy.

=He is much the most diligent boy.

(他是最用功的學生。)

9. very much

(4) 修飾“敘述形容詞”(如 asleep, alone, aware, afraid, awake…..)時只能用 much:

The two girls look much alike.

(這兩個女孩看起來很像。)

(1)sometimes:有時候(now and then once in a while)

Sometimes he comes by train.

(有時他搭火車來。)

(2)some times:好幾次(=several times)

He has been to Hong Kong some times.

(他曾到香港好幾次。)

10.

sometimes some times sometime some time

(3)sometime:某一個時候(未來或過去均可)

I will speak to him about it sometime.

(我將找個時間和他談此事。)

Our house was built sometime around 1970.

(我們家在 1970 年左右建造的。)

(5)

(4)some time:一段時間

He has been away for some time.

(他不在此地,已有一段時日了。)

4.副詞的比較 as…..as

(與…..一樣)

He works hard.

He works as hard as I.(他和我一樣用功。)

同等比較 not as…..as

(不如)

He does not work hard.

He does not work as hard as I.

(他不像我那樣用功。)

兩者間的比較:

動詞+ 比較級

副 詞 +than

He runs faster than I.(他跑得比我快。)

Mary sings much better than Helen.

(瑪麗唱得比海倫好。)

不同等的比較

三者以上的比較:

動詞+最高級副詞

Sam runs fastest in the class.

(山姆在班裡跑得最快。)

John works most carefully of all.

(全體中約翰工作最細心。)

Which do you like best, apples, oranges or bananas?

(你最喜歡那一種?蘋果、橘子或香蕉呢?)

說明

n大多數表情狀的副詞和少數表時間的副詞或程度副詞可以和形容詞一樣地形 成比較級和最高級。

o最高級副詞之前,通常不加冠詞 the。

( )1. “____I always make mistakes in speaking English?”

“Don’t worry about it. Practice makes perfect.”

(A) How about (B) How often (C) How come (D) how long ( )2. Rarely ____such nonsense.

(A) I have heard (B) have I heard (C) I do hear (D) don’t I hear ( )3. Only by ____can you succeed.

(A) worked hard (B) work hardly (C) working hard (D) hard working

( )4. Mary was ____heavy that her mother would have found it difficult to carry her to the bed.

(A) such a (B) such (C) so (D) too

( )5. He had loved her and he had been, ____,good to her.

(A) accord (B) according (C) accorded (D) accordingly ( )6. ____he planned to come but then he changed his mind.

(6)

(A)Origin (B) Original (C) Origination (D) Originally ( )7. ____ I was told that I passed the examinatioin.

(A) Happily (B) Happy (C) Happiness (D) Be happy (E) For happiness ( )8. The children ran ____.

(A) to upstair (B) to upstairs (C) fastly (D) upstairs (E) upstair

( )9. Writing a good letter depends on how ____you know the person to whom you are writing.

(A) good (B) well (C) long (D) bad

( )10. I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but she was ____asleep.

(A) fast (B) quick (C) rapid (D) quickly ( )11. He is ____changed since I last saw him.

(A) much (B) very (C) many (D) more

( )12. I can’t come now, I haven’t finished my homework ____.

(A) already (B) before (C) yet (D) just ( )13. Betty:I like honest friends.

Linda:____

(A) So am I. (B) Neither does she. (C) Are you? (D) So do I. (E) Don’t you?

( )14. You cannot fly, nor ____make the distance shorter.

(A) you can (B) you cannot (C) is seldom (D) seldom ( )15. He ____late for office.

(A) seldom is (B) always (C) is seldom (D) seldom

( )16. When I met you last night, I had returned from Switzerland only two days ____.

(A) ago (B) before (C) after (D)since

( )17. I am ____afraid that I will not pass the examination.

(A) much (B) very (C) often (D)great

( )18. If you speak too ____, most of us will not understand what you are saying.

(A) slow (B) quick (C) fastly (D) rapidly ( )19. She looks ____than she is.

(A) more younger (B) very younger (C) more young (D) much younger ( )20. How ____ can you finish it?

(A) often (B) far (C) soon (D) quick ( )21. You ____go out lest it should rain.

(A) had not better (B) had better not (C) not had better (D) better had not ( )22. A week ____, I met my old friend again in the cafeteria.

(A) latter (B) last (C) late (D)later

( )23. ____have a chance to meet the great painter.

(7)

(A) Until then did I not (B) Until then did I (C) Not until then I did (D) Not until then did I

( )24. Although Michel has lived in Taipei for eight years, he ____doesn’t speak any Chinese.

(A) yet (B) but (C) already (D) still

( )25. I remember I met him ____last year in Germany.

(A) sometimes (B) sometime (C) some time (D) some times

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