行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫 期中進度報告
新穎光電半導體材料,低維度微細結構及其元件構造之光學 特性研究(1/3)
計畫類別: 個別型計畫
計畫編號: NSC91-2215-E-011-002-
執行期間: 91 年 08 月 01 日至 92 年 07 月 31 日 執行單位: 國立臺灣科技大學電子工程系
計畫主持人: 黃鶯聲
計畫參與人員: 梁建興,謝昌勳,許宏彬,陳輝勝,陳佳甄,姚清偉
報告類型: 精簡報告
處理方式: 本計畫可公開查詢
中 華 民 國 92 年 6 月 10 日
行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫期中精簡 報告
新穎光電半導體材料,低維度微細結構及其元件構造之光學特性研究(1/3)
Optical Properties Study of Novel optoelectronic Semiconductor Materials, Low Dimensional Microstructures and Device Structures
計畫編號:NSC 91-2215-E-011-002
執行期限:91 年 08 月 01 日至 92 年 07 月 31 日 主持人:黃鶯聲 國立台灣科技大學電子系
計畫參與人員:梁建興,謝昌勳,許宏彬,陳輝勝,陳佳甄,姚清偉 台灣科技大學電子系研究生
1、中文摘要
本計劃利用各種不同之光學調制量測技術及表面光電壓量測技術等,來研究半 導體及半導體細微結構之光學特性。此外也探討新型結構之半導體元件之光學特 性,如、綠色雷射二極體、高速電子移動率電晶體、異質接面雙極性電晶體、垂 直面射型雷射等的光學特性,比較各種不同調制方式的譜線以分析調制機制。配 合理論計算,探討半導體臨界點間躍遷現象,以瞭解其微細結構和合金成份,並 分析可能影響的因素;分析譜線的半寬度,以鑑定其界面品質及特性,並分析可 能影響的因素。同時將研究其隨溫度和電場的變化情形,以充掌握各種外加參數 對元件品質及性能之影響,進而提昇元件的性能。
關鍵詞:調制光譜,表面光電壓,排序,寬能隙半導體,高速電子遷移率電晶體,
異質接面雙極性電晶體,量子井雷射,垂直面射型雷射。
Abstr act
Modulation spectroscopy and surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) are powerful techniques for studying and characterizing the properties of bulk semiconductors, reduced dimensional systems, and actual device structures. We propose a detailed study of semiconductors including wide bandgap semiconductors (SiC
x
Ny
, GaN, BeZnSe), ordering systems (GaInP and AlGaP), semiconductor microstructures and actual device structures such as high electron mobility transistors (HEMT), heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT), quantum well lasers (edge-emission and vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) structures) by using various modulation techniques including electric field modulation, piezomodulation and photomodulation as well as SPS.The detailed study of the temperature evolution and electric field dependent of the optical transitions will be carried out. The sharp, derivative like features will be fit
and the origins of the various spectral features will be identified by comparison with the theoretical calculation. The room temperature determination of the two-dimensional electron gas density for pseudomorphic GaAlAs/InGaAs/GaAs HEMT and the built fields/doping levels in the emitter and collector region of HBT will be carried out by nondestructive, contactless techniques such as photoreflectance and contactless electroflectance. In addition, the SPS will be used for characterization of the device structures such as HBT, VCSEL and edge emission laser.
Keywor ds: Modulation Spectroscopy, Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy, Ordering, Wide Band Gap Semiconductor, High Electron Mobility Transistors, Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors, Quantum Well Lasers, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser
二、計畫緣由與目的
我們知道元件性能的提升,主要是歸因於
材料科技的進步,能帶工程 (band engineering)進一步拓寬了元件結構設計的空 間。本計畫利用不同調制光譜及表面光電壓量測技術,探討異質接面雙極性電晶 體、垂直面射型雷射等的光學特性之光學特性。比較不同調制方式的譜線以分析 調制機制。配合理論計算,探討半導體能帶或激發態之躍遷情形,瞭解其微細結 構及合金成份,並探討其可能之影響因素。
三、研究方法及計畫成果自評
研究方法
本計畫利用調制光譜及表面光電壓自動量測系統,針對 VCSEL 及 InGaAsN /GaAs 異質接面雙極性電晶體,做以下量測及分析:
1. 利用表面光電壓技術探討 VCSEL 結構特性,能量隨溫度變化的詳細情形。
2. 利用光子調制技術及表面光電壓技術探討 InGaAsN /GaAs 異質接面雙極性電 晶體結構特性。
計畫成果自評:計畫執行期間本計劃執行期間發表相關期刊論文 6,如下所示,
建立表面光電壓量測系統, 建立使用波長調制之微分表面光電壓量測系統。
1. S. D. Wang, J. S. Liang, Y. S. Huang, C. W. Tien, Y. M. Chang, C. W. Chen, N. Y.
Li, K. K. Tiong, and F. H. Pollak, “Angle dependent differential photovoltage spectroscopy for the characterization of a GaAs/GaAlAs based vertical cavity surface emitting laser structure”, J. Appl. Phys. 92, 2350-2353 (2002).
2. Y. S. Huang, C. J. Lin, N. Y. Li and P. W. Li, “Photoreflectance and surface photovoltage spectroscopy characterization of an InGaP/InGaAsN/GaAs
NpN
double heterojunction bipolar transistor structure“, International Workshop on The Physic and Technology of Dilute and nitrides for Optical Communications, Istanbul, Turkey (2002)3. Y. T. Cheng, Y. S. Huang, D. Y. Lin, F. H. Pollak, and K. R. Evans, "Surface
photovoltage spectroscopy characterization of the GaAlAs/InGaAs/GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor structures with varied quantum well compositional profiles," Physica E, Vol. 14, pp. 313-322 (2002)
4. J. S. Liang, S. D. Wang, Y. S. Huang, C. W. Tien, Y. M. Chang, N. Y. Li, K. K.
Tiong and F. H. Pollak,
″Differential Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy
Characterization of a 850 nm GaAlAs/GaAs Vertical-cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Structure,″ J. Phys. Condens. Matt., Vol.15, pp.55-66 (2003).5. J. S. Liang, S. D. Wang, Y. S. Huang, L. Malikova, F. H. Pollak, J. P. Debray, R.
Hoffman, A. Amtout, and R. A. Stall,
″Differential Surface Photovoltage
Spectroscopy Characterization of a 1.3 ìm InGaAlAs/InP Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Structure,″ J. Appl. Phys. Vol.93. No.4, pp.1874-1878 (2003).6. Y. S. Huang, C. J. Lin, C. H. Wang, N. Y. Li, C. C. Fan and P. W.
Li, ”Photoreflectance and Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy Characterization of an InGaP/InGaAsN/GaAs NPN DHBT Structure”, IEE Proc.-Optoelectron., Vol. 150, No. 1,.pp. 99-101 (2003)
四、結果與討論
本計畫針對 VCSEL 及 InGaP/InGaAsN /GaAs 雙異質接面雙極性電晶體,以 不 同 調 制 光 譜 量 測 技 術 作 其 光 學 性 質 研 究 。 量 測 不 同 溫 度 VCSEL 及 InGaP/InGaAsN/GaAs 雙異質接面雙極性電晶體之光子調制技術及表面光電壓譜 線,探討躍遷能量與溫度之關係。光子調制技術及表面光電壓量測結果顯示此量 測技術為研究微細結構的有力工具,可估算費米能階,二維電子密度及內建電場 等參數,為鑑定 VCSEL 及異質接面雙極性電晶體結構的有力工具。
五、參考文獻
1. F. H. Pollak and H. Shen, Mater. Sci. Eng. R. 10, 275(1993).
2. F. H. Pollak in: Balkanski M (ed.) Handbook on Semiconductors Vol. 2, North Holland, Amsterdam (1994).
3. F. H. Pollak in: Halevi P (ed.) Photonic Probes of Surfaces, North-Holland, New York (1995).
850 nm GaAlAs/GaAs VCSEL
1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70
experimentsimulation
C M
75
o60
o45
o30
o15
o5
oR e fle c ta n c e
Photon Energy (eV)
1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49
Figure 1 presents room temperature angle-dependent R spectra for an 850 nm GaAlAs/GaAs VCSEL.
1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70
(∆V/∆E)/V
75
o60
o45
o30
o0
o15
o5
oS P V ( a .u .)
Photon E n erg y (eV )
1.46 1.47 1.48
Figure 2 presents room temperature angle-dependent SPV spectra for an 850 nm GaAlAs/GaAs VCSEL.
1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9
0 1.0
CM
DPVS ( a. u.) (
∆V /
∆E)/V (a. u .) S P V (a .u.) NIR
(d) DPVS (c) (
∆V/
∆E)/V (b) SPV (a) NIR
Photon Energy (eV)
Figure 3 shows the room temperature R, SPS, numerical differential calculated SPS and DSPS measurements for an 850 nm GaAlAs/GaAs VCSEL.
1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9
C
Experiment o Fitting
1C-1H
CM
A B
60
045
030
015
00
0D P V S (a .u.)
Photon Energy(eV)
1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48
Figure 4 presents room temperature angle-dependent DSPV spectra for an 850 nm GaAlAs/GaAs VCSEL.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 1.46
1.47 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53
CM
1C-1H
P h ot on Ener gy (e V)
Angle of Incidence (Deg.)
Ecav(SPS) Ecav(DSPS) Ecav(R) EQW(SPS) EQW(DSPS)
Figure 5 shows the results of room temperature angle-dependent DSPS, SPS and R measurements for an 850 nm GaAlAs/GaAs VCSEL.
1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
Photon Energy (eV)
490 K 470 K 450 K 430 K 410 K 390 K 370 K 350 K 330 K 310 K (a)
QW CM CM
θ=0o
300 K
Photon Energy (eV)
1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
490 K 470 K 450 K 430 K 390 K 370 K 350 K
410 K 330 K 310 K 300 K (b)
QW
SPV (a.u.)
θ=60o
Figure 6 shows representative DSPV spectra recorded at è = 0°and è = 60° with temperature increasing from 300 K to 490 K for an 850 nm GaAlAs/GaAs VCSEL.
260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 0.89
0.90 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96
QW CM
E
QW(SPS) E
cav(DSPS) E
QW(DSPS) E
cav(DSPS) E
cav(R)
Photon E ner gy (e V )
Temperature (K)
Figure 7 shows the results of the temperature-dependent DSPS, SPS and R measurements for an 850 nm GaAlAs/GaAs VCSEL.
1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60
p
s 90o
SPV
Photon Energy (eV)
Figure 8 The Edge-incidence polarized SPS and of an 850 nm GaAlAs/GaAs VCSEL.