65. 第63(1)條所訂罪行的檢控期限
就第63(1)條所訂罪行而提出的檢控，只可在以下兩者中的
較早者之前展開——
(a) 自干犯該罪行當日起計的2年屆滿時；
(b) 自署長發現或知悉該罪行當日起計的6個月屆滿時。
附註 ——
此規定取代《裁判官條例》(第227章)第26條所訂的時效。
66. 法人團體高級人員、合夥人及不屬法團的團體的成員的法律 責任
(1) 如法人團體犯本條例所訂罪行，而該罪行經證明——
(a) 是在第(2)款指明的人的同意或縱容下犯的；或 (b) 是可歸因於該人的疏忽的，
則該人亦屬犯該罪行。
(2) 第(1)款提述的人是——
(a) 上述法人團體的董事、經理、秘書或其他類似的高 級人員；或
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(b) a person purporting to act in the capacity of a person referred to in paragraph (a).
(3) If a partner in a partnership commits an offence under this Ordinance, and it is proved that the offence—
(a) was committed with the consent or connivance of a person specified in subsection (4); or
(b) is attributable to any neglect on the part of the person,
the person also commits the offence.
(4) The person referred to in subsection (3) is—
(a) a partner, or an office holder, in the partnership;
(b) a person concerned in the management of the partnership; or
(c) a person purporting to act in the capacity of a person referred to in paragraph (a) or (b).
(5) If a member of an unincorporated body of persons (other than a partnership) commits an offence under this Ordinance, and it is proved that the offence—
(a) was committed with the consent or connivance of a person specified in subsection (6); or
(b) is attributable to any neglect on the part of the person,
the person also commits the offence.
(6) The person referred to in subsection (5) is—
(a) a member, or a manager, secretary or other similar officer, of the unincorporated body;
(b) a person concerned in the management of the unincorporated body; or
(b) 看來是以(a)段提述的人的身分行事的人。
(3) 如合夥的合夥人犯本條例所訂罪行，而該罪行經證明——
(a) 是在第(4)款指明的人的同意或縱容下犯的；或 (b) 是可歸因於該人的疏忽的，
則該人亦屬犯該罪行。
(4) 第(3)款提述的人是——
(a) 上述合夥的合夥人或幹事；
(b) 關涉管理該合夥的人；或
(c) 看來是以(a)或(b)段提述的人的身分行事的人。
(5) 如不屬法團的團體(合夥除外)的成員犯本條例所訂罪 行，而該罪行經證明——
(a) 是在第(6)款指明的人的同意或縱容下犯的；或 (b) 是可歸因於該人的疏忽的，
則該人亦屬犯該罪行。
(6) 第(5)款提述的人是——
(a) 上述不屬法團的團體的成員，或該團體的經理、秘 書或其他類似的高級人員；
(b) 關涉管理該團體的人；或
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(c) a person purporting to act in the capacity of a person referred to in paragraph (a) or (b).
67. Employer’s liability for employee’s act
(1) An act done or omission made by an employee in the course of employment is to be regarded for the purposes of this Ordinance as done or made by the employer, as well as by the employee.
(2) In any proceedings for an offence under this Ordinance brought against an employer in respect of an act or omission alleged to have been done or made by an employee, it is a defence for the employer to establish that—
(a) the act was done or the omission was made without the employer’s knowledge and consent; and
(b) the employer had taken all reasonable steps to prevent the employee from—
(i) doing the act or making the omission; or
(ii) doing an act or making an omission of that description in the course of the employee’s employment.
68. Taking reasonable steps etc. is defence
(1) It is a defence for a person (defendant) prosecuted for an offence under this Ordinance to establish—
(a) that the act or omission in respect of which the offence is prosecuted was done or made by the defendant—
(i) under the instruction of the defendant’s employer;
(c) 看來是以(a)或(b)段提述的人的身分行事的人。
67. 僱主就僱員的作為負有法律責任
(1) 就本條例而言，僱員在受僱期間作出或沒有作出的作為，
須視為既是該僱員亦是其僱主作出或沒有作出的。
(2) 凡僱主就僱員被指稱作出或沒有作出的作為被控犯本條 例所訂罪行，則在有關檢控程序中，該僱主如確立以下 情況，即為免責辯護——
(a) 該僱主既不知道亦無同意作出或沒有作出該作為；
及
(b) 該僱主已採取一切合理步驟，以——
(i) 防止該僱員作出或沒有作出該作為；或
(ii) 防止該僱員在其受僱期間，作出或沒有作出該
類作為。
68. 採取合理步驟等屬免責辯護
(1) 就作出或沒有作出某作為而被控犯本條例所訂罪行的人
(被告人 )，如確立以下情況，即為免責辯護——
(a) 該作為——
(i) 是被告人按其僱主的指令而作出或沒有作出 的；
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(ii) because of the defendant’s reliance on the information given by a third person, and at the time of the alleged offence the defendant did not know, and had no reason to believe, that the information was false or misleading; or
(iii) because of another act or omission of a third person; and
(b) that the defendant had taken all reasonable steps, and had exercised all due diligence, to prevent the commission of the offence.
(2) If a defendant intends to establish a defence on the ground referred to in subsection (1)(a)(ii) or (iii), the defendant must—
(a) obtain the leave of the court or magistrate; or
(b) give a notice in accordance with subsection (3) to the person bringing the proceedings for the offence concerned.
(3) A notice—
(a) is to be in writing;
(b) is to contain the information—
(i) that is about the identity of the third person concerned; and
(ii) that is in the defendant’s control or possession;
and
(c) is to be given at least 7 days before the commencement of the hearing of the proceedings.
(4) In this section—
third person (第三者), in relation to a defendant, means a person other than—
(a) the defendant’s employer;
(ii) 是被告人因為依賴第三者提供的資料而作出或
沒有作出的，而在指稱的罪行發生時，被告人 既不知道(亦無理由相信)該資料屬虛假或具 誤導性；或
(iii) 是被告人因為第三者的另一作為或不作為而作
出或沒有作出的；及
(b) 被告人已採取一切合理步驟，並已作出一切應作出 的努力，以防止該罪行發生。
(2) 被告人如擬基於第(1)(a)(ii)或(iii)款提述的理由而確立 免責辯護，則須——
(a) 取得法院或裁判官的許可；或
(b) 按照第(3)款，向就有關罪行提起法律程序的人，
發出通知。
(3) 通知——
(a) 須以書面發出；
(b) 須載有符合以下說明的資料——
(i) 關於有關的第三者的身分；及
(ii) 由被告人控制或管有；及
(c) 須在有關法律程序展開聆訊前最少7日前發出。
(4) 在本條中——
第三者 (third party)就被告人而言，指並非以下人士的人——
(a) 被告人的僱主；
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(b) the defendant’s employee; or
(c) any other employee of the defendant’s employer.
69. Reasonable excuse
If a provision of this Ordinance that creates an offence refers to a reasonable excuse for a contravention of the provision, the reference is to be construed as providing a defence for a person prosecuted for the offence.
70. How to establish defence
(1) This section applies if a provision of this Ordinance provides a defence for a person prosecuted for an offence under this Ordinance.
(2) A person prosecuted for an offence under this Ordinance is to be regarded as having established a matter that needs to be established for the defence if—
(a) there is sufficient evidence to raise an issue with respect to the matter; and
(b) the contrary is not proved by the prosecution beyond reasonable doubt.
(b) 被告人的僱員；或
(c) 被告人的僱主的任何其他僱員。
69. 合理辯解
如訂定罪行的本條例的條文就違反該條文而提述合理辯解，
該提述須解釋為向被控犯該罪行的人，提供免責辯護。
70. 如何確立免責辯護
(1) 如本條例有條文向被控犯本條例所訂罪行的人，提供免 責辯護，則本條適用。
(2) 在符合以下條件的情況下，被控犯本條例所訂罪行的人，
須視作已確立需要就免責辯護而確立的事宜——
(a) 有足夠證據，就該事宜帶出爭論點；及
(b) 控方沒有提出足以排除合理疑點的相反證明。
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第71條 Part 6
Section 71