外貿情勢回顧
Foreign Trade in Retrospect
1
Reflections on Trends in Foreign Trade
In 2017, the global economy continued to recover as both advanced and emerging economies grew. Data from Global Insight (GI) on May15, 2018 (see Table 1) indicates that the global economy grew 3.3% in 2017, which was higher than the 2.6% growth in 2016.
Prospects for global economic and trade growth in 2018 are expected to follow the steady recovery trend of last year. GI has forecasted economic growth of 3.4% in 2018, with global imports and exports maintaining moderate growth. For example, it has projected that exports will grow 10.8% and imports will rise 10.3% in 2018, thus reflecting the simultaneous growth of imports and exports under the recovery of global economic growth (see Table 1). However, the direction of U.S. economic and trade policy, post-Brexit trade negotiations, mainland China's economic conditions, and rising geopolitical tensions have injected a great deal of uncertainty in global economic development.
國際經貿情勢
2017年全球經濟呈現復甦，先進及新興國家經濟均呈成長態勢。根據環球透視機構（Global Insight, GI）2018年5月15日的資料顯示（詳見表1），2017年全球經濟成長率為3.3％，高 於2016年的2.6％。
展 望2018年， 全 球 經 貿 將 延 續2017年 復 甦 態 勢 穩 健 成 長，GI預 測2018年 經 濟 成 長 率 為 3.4％，全球出、進口成長率分別為10.8％及10.3％，反映在全球經濟成長回溫情況下，出、
進口貿易同步穩定增長（見表1）。惟美國經貿政策走向、中國大陸經濟狀況、英國脫歐談判 進展、地緣政治緊張局勢等，為全球經濟發展注入諸多不確定性。
單位 Unit：%
項目Countries（or area） 2016年 2017年 2018年
實質GDP 成長率 Real GDP Growth （2005 = 100）
全世界World 2.6 3.3 3.4
美國United States 1.5 2.3 2.8
歐盟European Union 1.9 2.6 2.2
亞太區（不含日本） Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan) 5.7 5.8 5.9 中華民國 R.O.C.（Taiwan） 1.4 2.9 2.7
中國大陸Mainland China 6.7 6.9 6.7
日本Japan 0.9 1.7 1.4
新興市場Emerging Markets 3.9 4.8 4.9
貿易成長率World Merchandise Trade Growth
出口Exports -2.9 10.7 10.8
進口Imports -3.1 10.8 10.3
資料來源Source：Global Insight Inc., World Overview, May 15, 2018
Table 1: Real GDP Growth of the World's Major Economies and World Merchandise Trade Growth
我國貿易表現
2017年我國對外貿易總額為5,765.2億美元，成長12.8％；出口值為3,172.5億美元，為歷年 次高紀錄（僅次於2014年之3,200.9億美元），增加13.2％，為近7年來最大成長增幅；進口 值為2,592.7億美元，增加12.4％；出超579.8億美元，創歷年新高，成長16.5％。
就我國2017年各月的出、進口表現來觀察，出口部分，全年各單月出口均呈正成長，並自7 月起各月均維持270億美元以上水準，於12月創歷年單月新高紀錄；另就進口部分，除10月 進口額小幅衰退0.13％外，其餘各月均呈成長。
展望2018年，全球經濟可望持續擴增，加以我國半導體深具製程領先優勢，與車用電子、物 聯網及人工智慧等新興需求持續擴增，可望維繫我國出口動能。
主要出口貨品
在2017年全球電子、資通訊產品需求強勁復甦，國際油價回穩使得相關石化產品價格上漲 等，帶動我國主力出口產品皆呈成長表現，2017年我國主要出口貨品中，第1大項為電子零 組件，出口達1,072.0億美元，較2016年成長15.5％，占出口比重33.8％；第2大項資通與視
聽產品為341.1億美元，成長13.0％，占出口比重10.8％；第3大項為基本金屬及其製品，出
口290.4億美元，增加18.4％，占出口比重9.2％ ; 第4大項為機械，出口255.7億美元，增加
20.9％，占出口比重8.1％；塑橡膠及其製品出口229.8億美元，增加15.3％，比重7.2％，為
我第5大出口產品（見圖1）。
資料來源：財政部關務署（MOF） Source: Customs Administration, Ministry of Finance
圖1：2017年我國主要出口產品結構 Figure 1: Taiwan's Major Exports in 2017
Taiwan's Trade Performance
In 2017, Taiwan's foreign trade totaled US$576.52 billion, for a growth of 12.8%. Its exports rose 13.2%
to US$317.25 billion, the second-highest total on record (after the US$320.09 billion in 2014), and the largest increase in growth in the past seven years. Its imports amounted to US$259.27 billion, up 12.4%.
As a whole, this accounted for a record high surplus of US$57.98 billion, up 16.5%.
From the monthly performances of Taiwan's exports and imports in 2017, we can see that exports registered positive growth each month, and maintained a level exceeding US$27 billion in each month after July. In December, exports set new monthly record highs. As for imports, all months showed growth except for a slight decline of 0.13% in October.
Looking ahead to 2018, the global economy is expected to maintain its growth pattern. In addition, based on Taiwan's advantage as a leader in semiconductor manufacturing, as well as expanding demands for automotive electronics, the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, export momentum is expected to be maintained.
Taiwan's Major Exports
In 2017, the global demand for electronic and communication products strongly recovered and the stabilization of international oil prices resulted in high prices for related petrochemical products, all of which favorably affected Taiwan's main exports. Among Taiwan's major exports in 2017, electronic components were number one, reaching US$107.20 billion dollars, up 15.5% compared to 2016 and accounting for 33.8% of total exports. ICT and audio-visual products were the 2nd largest, totaling US$34.11 billion, up 13.0% and accounting for 10.8% of total exports. Base metals and products thereof comprised the 3rd largest, totaling US$29.04 billion, up 18.4% and accounting for 9.2% of total exports. Machinery was the 4th largest, totaling US$25.57 billion, up 20.9% and accounting for 8.1% of total exports. Plastics/rubber and products thereof were the 5th largest, totaling US$22.98 billion, up
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
比重% of Total 成長率Annual Change Rate (%)
電子零組件Electronic Components 資通及視聽產品Information, Communication and Audio-visual Products 塑膠、橡膠及其製品Plastics; Rubber and Articles Thereof 光學器材Optical Equipment 運輸工具Vehicles, Aircraft, Vessels andAssociated Transport Equipment基本金屬及其製品Base Metals and Articles Thereof 紡織品Textiles and Textile Articles機械Machinery 化學品Chemicals 礦產品Mineral Products 其他Others 33.8
10.8 9.2 8.1 7.2 6.1
3.9 3.7 3.4 3.2
10.6 15.5 13.0
18.4 20.9
15.3 13.0
9.5 7.7
0.5 1.5
7.2
主要進口貨品
2017年由於國內消費、投資情況改善以及國際油價回穩，除機械外，我國主要進口產品金 額多呈成長，我國第1大進口貨品為電子零組件，進口金額為494.7億美元，較上年成長 17.8％，占進口比重19.1％；第2大項為礦產品，進口金額為441.1億美元，成長26.0％，
占 進 口 比 重17.0％； 第3大 項 為 機 械， 進 口 值 為279.7億 美 元， 衰 退2.3％， 占 進 口 比 重 10.8％；第4大項為化學品，進口值278.6億美元，成長11.5％，占進口比重10.7％; 第5大 項為基本金屬及其製品，進口值205.0億美元，成長21.9％，占進口比重7.9％（見圖2）。
主要貿易夥伴
2017年我國主要貿易夥伴依序為中國大陸（含香港）、東南亞國協（10國）、美國、歐洲及 日本，這５大貿易夥伴合計占我國出口總額達85％以上，進口總額超過65％以上。2017年我 對中國大陸（含香港）出口表現最佳，成長16.0％，占出口比重41.0％，為我國第1大出口市 場及最大貿易順差來源；第2大出口市場為東協十國，成長14.2％，占出口比重18.5％；對歐 洲、美國、日本出口分別成長11.2％、10.2％、6.3％。在進口方面，2017年我國第1大進口 來源為中國大陸（含香港），較上年上升13.8％，占我進口比重19.9％；日本為我國第2大進 口來源，較上年成長3.3％，占進口比重16.2％；自東協進口成長14.3％；另自歐洲、美國進 口分別成長8.6％、5.7％（見表2）。
資料來源：財政部關務署（MOF） Source: Customs Administration, Ministry of Finance
圖2：2017年我國主要進口產品結構 Figure 2: Taiwan's Major Imports in 2017
電子零組件Electronic Components 資通及視聽產品Information, Communication and Audio-visual Products基本金屬及其製品Base Metals andArticles Thereof 塑膠、橡膠及其製品Plastics; Rubber and Articles Thereof運輸工具Vehicles, Aircraft, Vessels andAssociated Transport Equipment 精密儀器Precision Instruments 電機產品Electrical Products機械Machinery 化學品Chemicals礦產品Mineral Products 其他Others-2.3
19.1 17.8
10.7 11.5 7.9
21.9
6.0 19.4
4.5 4.0
3.1 3.0 2.9 7.7
14.6
4.6 3.2
10.8 10.8
17.0
Taiwan's Major Imports
In 2017, because of the improvement in domestic consumption and investment, as well as stable international oil prices, the value of most of Taiwan's major import products increased, except for machinery. Electronic components were Taiwan's top import item, reaching US$49.47 billion, up 17.8%
compared to the previous year and accounting for 19.1% of total imports. Mineral products comprised the 2nd largest, amounting to US$44.11 billion, up 26.0% and accounting for 17.0% of total imports.
Machinery was the 3rd largest, totaling US$27.97 billion, down 2.3% and accounting for 10.8% of total imports. Chemicals comprised the 4th largest, reaching US$27.86 billion, up 11.5% and accounting for 10.7% of total imports. Base metals and products thereof were the 5th largest, amounting to US$20.50 billion, up 21.9% and accounting for 7.9% of total imports (see Figure 2).
Taiwan's Major Trading Partners
Taiwan's top five trading partners in 2017 were mainland China (including Hong Kong), ASEAN (10 countries), the U.S., Europe, and Japan, in descending order. Together, these trading partners accounted for over 85% of our total exports and over 65% of our total imports. Taiwan performed well in exports to mainland China (including Hong Kong), growing 16.0% and accounting for 41.0% of our total exports. Mainland China remained Taiwan's biggest export destination and largest source of trade surplus. Taiwan's second-largest export destination was ASEAN (10 countries), up 14.2% and accounting for 18.5% of our total exports. In addition, Taiwan's exports to each of its next three largest trading partners increased in 2017 compared to the previous year. Exports to Europe rose 11.2%, to the U.S.
10.2%, and to Japan 6.3%. The largest source of Taiwan's imports in 2017 was mainland China (including Hong Kong), accounting for 19.9% of Taiwan's total imports, up 13.8% compared to the previous year.
Japan was Taiwan's second-largest source of imports, accounting for 16.2% of total imports, up 3.3%.
Imports from ASEAN rose 14.3%, while imports from Europe and the U.S. increased 8.6% and 5.7%, 金額
Amounts
占我國貿易總額 出 口 進口比重（％）
Share of Taiwan's Total Trade / Exports / Imports
增減比率（％）
Percentage of Increase / Decrease
總額 Total
出口 Exports
進口 Imports
出(入)超 Trade Surplus (Deficit)
總額 Total
出口 Exports
進口 Imports
總額 Total
出口 Exports
進口 Imports
出(入)超 Trade Surplus (Deficit) 貿易總額 Total 576.52 317.25 259.27 57.98 100.0 100.0 100.0 12.8 13.2 12.4 16.5 中國大陸（含香港）
Mainland China
(including Hong Kong) 181.77 130.21 51.55 78.66 31.5 41.0 19.9 15.3 16.0 13.8 17.5 東南亞國協（10國）
ASEAN (10 members) 89.60 58.57 31.03 27.54 15.5 18.5 12.0 14.2 14.2 14.3 14.1
美國 U.S. 67.18 36.94 30.24 6.71 11.7 11.6 11.7 8.1 10.2 5.7 36.1
日本 Japan 62.73 20.78 41.94 -21.16 10.9 6.6 16.2 4.2 6.3 3.3 -0.4
歐洲 Europe 60.58 29.16 31.42 -2.27 10.5 9.2 12.1 9.9 11.2 8.6 16.1
資料來源Sources：財政部關務署（MOF）
註Notes：1.本表數字含復出進口（Re-imported or re-exported）
2.各項即期統計資料詳請參見貿易局網站（See: http://www.trade.gov.tw） 3.本表進出口貿易統計資料係採一般貿易制度（As "General Trade"）
表2：2017年我國與主要貿易夥伴之貿易統計
Table 2: Taiwan's Trade with Major Trading Partners in 2017 單位：10億美元；％
Unit: US$ billions; ％
