B6L5 The Secrete of Happiness
I.課文翻譯與重點解析 1
什麼是幸福的祕密？答案可能因人而異。聖地牙哥，在《牧羊少年奇幻之 旅》一書中的一位安達魯西亞牧童，發現自己在夢中尋找埃及金字塔裡的寶 藏。他猶豫著是否該放棄他所擁有的一切，去追尋他夢想中的寶藏。撒冷國王 走到他面前，告訴他以下的故事，提醒他，幸福的祕訣是要傾聽他自己的 心，而不忽視他已經擁有的東西。
1(1) vary vi. 改變 同 differ, be different
(2) from person to person → from one person to another (person) 從一個人到另一個人 其他類似用法有：from country to country, from culture to culture, from door to door。
注意 from N to N 的用法，N 前不加冠詞。
2(1) an Andalusian shepherd boy in The Alchemist為 Santiago 的同位語。
(2) find + O + OC (adj./N/V-ing/p.p./prep. phrase) 同樣用法的字還有leave, catch, keep等。
• I found my car towed away when I stepped out of the convenience store.
3(1) be hesitant about 對……感到猶豫 (2) give up + N/V-ing 放棄……
give up on sb. 不再相信……會成功；對……失望
• Our teacher has never given up on us; instead, she has told us that we will succeed if we try our best.
(3) all he has → all that he has → what he has (4) go on a quest for 追求…… 同 search for
a quest for wealth/truth/knowledge 追求財富／真理／知識
4(1) the following N 以下的……
(2) reminding him that S + V → and reminded him of the fact that S + V，此為分詞構句。
(3) is to VR...but not to VR 是……而不是……
此處的不定詞為名詞片語，當作the secret of happiness的補語。
2
一個商人派他的兒子去向一位最有智慧的人學習幸福的祕訣。這位年輕人 在沙漠中跋涉了四十天，終於到達了一座位於山頂的美麗城堡。這個年輕人一 直在尋找的智者就住在那裡。
1(1) send sb. to VR 要某人去做……
• The rich man sent his servant to run some errands for him.
(2) learn sth. from sb./sth. 從某人／某事學到……
• I learned to cook from my grandmother.
(3) the wisest of men → the wisest man of all
2 until 直到……時
• Johnny studied English until ten o’clock last night.（一直讀英文到十點）
比較 not...until... 直到……才……
• Johnny didn’t study English until ten o’clock last night.（直到十點才讀英文）
3(1) 此句為副詞在句首的倒裝句型，原句為The sage for whom the young man was looking lived there.
因為whom所引導的形容詞子句太長，使用倒裝句更能使主詞、動詞一目了然。
(2) ...the sage for whom the young man was looking.
3
年輕男子進入城堡後，他就看見許多的活動――商人來來往往，人們在 角落聊天，一個小型管弦樂團正彈奏著抒情旋律，還有一張桌子上放滿了最 美味的佳餚。突然間，年輕男子看到白鬍子的智者慢慢地踱來踱去，跟每位訪 客說話，一次一個人。老智者看起來非常平和、輕鬆。
1(1) a great number of 表「許多」，後接複數可數名詞。
比較 an amount of + 不可數名詞
(2) merchants coming and going, people chatting in the corners, a small orchestra playing sweet melodies, and a table laden with the most delectable dishes 都是在說明activities的內容為何。破折號的意義是
“which included”。這四個名詞後面接的都是分詞當受詞補語。因為句型相同，疊在一起唸起來 有緊湊、一氣呵成的感覺。
2(1) see + O + OC (VR/V-ing/p.p.)（VR表主動，並強調事實，V-ing強調該動作正在進行的狀態，p.p.
表被動）
see為感官動詞，後接受詞 the white-bearded wise man，再接受詞補語walking 和 talking。
• The witness told the police that he saw someone suspicious walk out of the bank.
• Martha saw a dog run over by a speeding truck.
(2) white-bearded為複合形容詞，由adj.-N-ed 所組成。類似的字有：kind-hearted, hot-tempered, warm- hearted, middle-aged, left-handed等。
3(1) look + adj. 看起來……
look為連綴動詞，類似動詞有：taste, feel, sound, smell 等。
• The tofu smells awful.
(2) wonderfully在此意思同very，修飾peaceful and relaxed。
4
這個年輕人並沒有急於和他見面，而是在窗戶旁邊等了近兩個小時。當終 於輪到他向智者請教時，他解釋了他來訪的原因，而智者極富耐心專注地聽 著。但是，當這個年輕人說完後，智者卻說此時他沒有時間解釋幸福的祕密。
他建議年輕人在他的宮殿散步閒逛，兩個小時後回來。
1(1) rush to VR 急著……
• Rita rushed to go to school without eating breakfast this morning.
(2) rather adv. 反而；而是
用於提出相反的觀點，常接在but之後。
• Father was not angry about my words, but rather amused.
補充 rather 常見的其他用法：
rather than + N/V-ing 不願；不要；不是
• Rather than going to the party, Judy stayed home to rest.
• What you said is an insult rather than a compliment.
② would rather...than 寧可……也不願……
• Eva would rather stay in than go on a date with Jimmy.
2(1) turn n. （依次輪的）機會
It’s one’s turn to VR/for N 輪到某人……
• It’s my turn today to do the dishes.
(2) with (great) patience → (very) patiently with + N → adv.
如：with care → carefully; with joy → joyfully。
3(1) S + suggest (that) S + (should) + VR 建議
(2) take a stroll 漫步 同 go for a stroll, go for a walk, take a walk (3) in two hours 兩個小時後
比較 within two hours 兩個小時之內 5
「不過，我想請你幫個忙。」他補充說，並交給了男孩他倒了兩滴油的一支 茶匙。「當你走路時帶著這支湯匙，不要讓油滴出來。」
1(1) hand sb. sth. 把某物交給某人 同 hand sth. to sb.
(2) ...a teaspoon into which he had poured...
2 don’t let the oil spill out 也可寫成被動 don’t let the oil be spilt out。
6
年輕人開始在皇宮的樓梯爬上爬下，眼睛總是一直盯住湯匙，唯恐把油 濺出來。兩個小時之後，他回到了智者的面前。
1(1) up and down 上上下下
• The boat is bobbing up and down on the water, making the girls scream.
(2) keep one’s eyes fixed on 眼睛注視著
keep + O + OC (adj./V-ing/p.p./prep. phrase)
• Keep the window open to let the breeze in.
• Please keep your passport in a safe place.
(3) lest 以免；免得 7
「那麼，」智者問：「你看到了掛在我餐廳的波斯壁毯嗎？你有沒有看到那 個非凡的花園？那可是花了我的園藝大師十年才創建出來的。你有沒有注意到 我的圖書館裡那些美麗的羊皮紙啊？」
1(1) hang vi. vt.
三態 hang; hung; hung 把……掛起；懸掛 hang; hanged; hanged 絞死；吊死
• The pictures that are hung on the walls in this room are all masterpieces by Vincent van Gogh.
• The murderer was hanged in public yesterday.
(2) did you see...hanging in my dining room?
→ did you see...that hung in my dining room?
其中hang可當vt.或vi.，所以如果換成過去分詞 hung 也可以。
2(1) 此處which為引導一非限定子句的關係代名詞，代替前面的the marvelous garden。
which 也可代替前面整個子句：
• Jimmy is often late for school, which makes Mr. Wang angry.
(2) sth. take (sb.) + 時間 某事花了（某人）……的時間
• The construction of the skyscraper took ten years.
其他有關「花費」的用法：
(1) It take (sb.) + 時間 + to VR
• It took me two hours to clean my room.
(2) sb. spend + 時間／金錢 + on sth./V-ing
• Joe spent two days reading the novel.
• Nancy spent NT$20,000 on the bag.
(3) It cost (sb.) + 金錢 + to VR sth. cost (sb.) + 金錢
• It cost me a lot of money to get my car fixed.
• This car costs an arm and a leg.
8、9
這個年輕人很尷尬，承認他什麼都沒看到。他唯一關心的，就是不要把智者 託付給他的那兩滴油給灑了。
「那麼，就再回去欣賞這個城堡的奇觀吧！」智者說。「如果你不了解一個人 住的房子，你就不應該相信他。」
1(1) embarrassed adj. （感到）尷尬的；窘迫的
• Richard felt very embarrassed when he called the girl by the wrong name.
(2) 原句 → The young man was embarrassed, and he confessed that he had seen nothing.
(3) had seen 用過去完成式，因為動作是發生在confessed之前。
10
現在，覺得較自在，年輕人接過湯匙再次漫步在宮殿裡，這一次，他注意到 了所有吊在天花板和牆上的藝術作品。他看到環繞皇宮的雄偉山景，花園裡精緻 的花，和每件放置在壁龕裡品味細緻的藝術品。再回到智者那裡，他詳細地描述 了他所看過的一切。
1(1) at (one’s) ease 自在，相當於feel relaxed, feel at home。
補充
remind 的用法：
(1) remind sb. of sb./sth. 使某人想起某人／某事
• The photo reminds me of my cousin, who went traveling in Europe with me last year.
(2) remind sb. to VR/that S + V/wh- + S + V 提醒某人……
• Our homeroom teacher reminded us to prepare for the coming exam.
(2) pay attention to 注意 同 focus on (3) works 作品
work當「工作」時為不可數名詞；當「作品」時為可數名詞，且通常以複數表示。
(4) that hung (vi.)可換成 hanging，又 hang 可以當vt.，所以換成過去分詞hung也可以。
(5) 整句話的句首、句中皆為分詞構句，且句首省略 being。原句為 Since the young man was now
more at ease, he took..., and this time he paid attention to all the works of art that hung from the ceiling and upon the walls.
2(1) exquisite adj. 精緻的；精美的；敏銳的
• My parents have exquisite taste in furniture.
• Mr. Lin bought an exquisite hand-painted vase as a gift to his wife.
(2) ...the exquisite taste with which...
with which 所引導的是一形容詞子句，修飾taste，原句意思為 each work of art had been placed in its niche with exquisite taste。
3(1) 此句為分詞構句，原句為After he returned to the sage, he....。
(2) in detail 詳細地 同 at length
• Charlie excitedly described in great detail what had happened on his first date with Mandy.
11
「但是我託付給你的那兩滴油呢？」智者問。低頭看著湯匙，年輕人意識到他 把油給灑了。「嗯，這是我給你的唯一建議，」這位智者中的智者說，「幸福的 祕訣就是去欣賞這世界上所有的奇景，但不要忘記湯匙裡的那兩滴油。」
1(1) Looking down.... 為分詞構句，原句為 When he looked down....。
(2) had spilled 用過去完成式，因為此動作發生在 realized 之前。
2(1) well 在句中為發語詞，沒有特別含意。
(2) the sage of sages 智者中的智者，也就是最有智慧的人。
3 to see all the wonders of the world 引申為一個人追求自己的夢想。而never forget the two drops of oil in the spoon 引申為自己已有的事物或應盡的責任。
（在《牧羊少年奇幻之旅》中，少年的體悟是：牧羊人可以熱愛旅行，但絕不能忘了他的羊群。而 在說這故事前，撒冷國王對少年說道：「不要忘了，你所遇見的事物都只為了一件事， 再也沒別 的。也別忘記解讀預兆。最重要的，不要忘了遵循你的天命到最後。」）
II字彙
2. pyramid n. [C] 古埃及金字塔；稜錐體
(1) pyramid selling
金字塔式銷售（傳銷手法）
• In many countries, pyramid selling is illegal.
(2) pyramid scheme 老鼠會；非法傳銷 pyramidal adj. 金字塔狀的
3. hesitant adj. 猶豫的 hesitate vi. vt. 猶豫
• If there is anything I can do, please don’t hesitate to tell me.
• He who hesitates is lost.（【諺】躊躇不前者必失良機。）
hesitation n. [U,C] 猶豫
• The brave man jumped into the river without any hesitation to save the drowning boy.
5. merchant n. [C] 商人（尤指貿易商）；批發商 merchant adj. 海上貨運的（置於名詞前）
• My father used to work on a merchant ship, coming back home only once or twice a year.
merchandise vt. 買賣
• We merchandised our furniture both in our shop and on the Net.
6. desert n. [C,U] 沙漠 desert [dI'z3t] vt. 拋棄
• She had a bitter childhood because her mom deserted the family when she was still little.
deserted adj. 荒廢的
• Some homeless people hid themselves in that deserted barn.
(1) desert（拋棄）與dessert（餐後甜點）發音相同，但拼字不同，常會搞混。
(2) desserts倒過來拼恰好是另一個字stressed，「壓力是生活的甜點，讓我們更 上一層樓」的說法。
8. orchestra n. [C] 管弦樂團 （後接單數、複數動詞皆可）
(1) chamber orchestra 室內管弦樂隊 (2) symphony orchestra 交響樂團 9. beard n. [C] 鬍子
bearded adj. 有鬍子的
• The bearded man was considered a murder suspect.
beard vt. 勇敢對抗 同 confront, challenge
• It took courage for the government officials to beard the pressure groups.
beard a/the lion in his den 老虎嘴中拔牙；太歲頭上動土（勇敢對抗有權勢者）
• You want to sue that big company?! It’s just like trying to beard a lion in his den.
10. consultation n. [U] 諮詢；請教 (1) in consultation with 與……磋商
• The investment plans were drawn up（擬訂）in consultation with experts.
(2) consulting room 診察室
• Patients usually wait outside the consulting room, waiting for their turn to see the doctor.
11. attentively adv. 聚精會神地
attentive adj. 專注的；關心的；肯幫忙的
• Emma is an attentive student in class, always listening carefully to the teacher.
• To maintain their business, many companies are very attentive to customers’ needs.
• The staff in the hospital are very friendly and attentive.
12. pour vt. 倒（液體）；傾倒
pour vi. 下傾盆大雨；（液體、煙霧、人潮等）湧出、傾洩而出
• A bucket of water suddenly poured down from the second floor without any warning.
• Crowds of visitors poured into the art museum this weekend.
pouring rain 傾盆大雨
• The pedestrians were caught in the pouring rain, which soaked them through.
13. spill vi. vt. （使）潑灑出；濺出 (1) spill the beans 洩漏祕密；說漏嘴
• I kept asking my brother to keep the secret, but he still spilt the beans when Mother asked him what had happened.
(2) It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 【諺】覆水難收。
15. lest conj. 免得；以免；唯恐；擔心同 for fear that
• Avoid making mistakes lest you regret your carelessness.
字辨
(1) least adv. 最少
• My dad showed up to help me when I least expected it.
(2) last adj. 最後的
• While my dad is the breadwinner, my mother is the decision-maker. She has the last say in everything important.
18. confess vi. vt. 承認；招認 比較 admit, confess 的差異：
(1) admit （勉強）承認
• Ron admitted breaking the window.
(2) confess （正式地）供認
• He confessed that he had committed the crime.
20. ceiling n. [C] 天花板 (1) hit the ceiling 暴怒
• As soon as Dad saw my transcript, he hit the ceiling.
(2) set the ceiling 設上限
• Mom sets the ceiling for my phone bill; I need to pay if I exceed the limit.
21. majestic adj. 雄偉的；壯觀的同 grand, magnificent
majesty n. [U] 雄偉壯觀；陛下（大寫）
• The majesty of the music took away the breath of many in the audience.
• “Your Majesty （國王陛下）! I am at your service,” said the soldier.
22. delicacy n. [U,C] 纖細；柔弱；佳餚；棘手 delicate adj. 纖弱的；精緻的；易損的
• This delicate child is prone to colds.
• I couldn’t help but exclaim at the delicate craftsmanship （精細手工）of the handmade basket.
• Please handle the delicate china teapot with great care; it’s very expensive.
23. advice n. [U] 建議 同 suggestion adviser n. [C] 顧問
• After John retired from teaching at the university, he became an adviser to a law firm.
advisable adj. 可建議的；明智的
• It is advisable to have a regular checkup once a year.
(1) advice 是不可數名詞，所以「一則忠告」要說a piece of advice。
(2) take/follow/accept/adopt one’s advice 聽取忠告
IV 句型練習
Ⅰ. Review: ...N(,) + prep. + whom/which + S + V 1「介系詞 + 關係子句」的用法。
2 複習句型①：關係子句（who/which）
(1) Sb. + who + V (2) Sth. + which + V
①關係代名詞who代替前面的人（sb.），作連接詞並兼作主詞。②關係代名詞which代替前面的事 物（sth.），作連接詞並兼作主詞。
• The teacher will punish students who cheat on the monthly or final exam.
• We Chinese have a saying, “Those who respect others will be respected by them.”
• Things which are done only halfway are never done right. Therefore, do everything with your heart.
• If there is too much energy which flows to one part of the body, it may cause pain.
3 複習句型②：關係副詞引導的關係子句（when/where）
(1) S + V + time + when + S1 + V1
(2) S + V + place + where + S1 + V1
①關係副詞when為連接詞的作用，代替前面的時間（time），其後須接完整的子句。②關係副詞 where為連接詞的作用，代替前面的地方（place），其後須接完整的子句。③英文的時間╱地方片 語由介系詞（in/on/at...等）引導，故when/where可轉換成「介系詞 + which」的用法。
• Spring is the season when/in which cherry blossoms are in full bloom.
• The day when/on which you were born is called your birthday.
• It is possible to visit the house where/in which Lincoln lived as a child.
• Is there a supermarket near here where/in which I can buy organic vegetables?
4 課文句型①：介系詞配合動詞
S + V...介系詞 + whom/which + S1 + V1
此介系詞與V1形成動詞片語（如：wait for, depend upon/on, deal with, look up to等）。
• I won’t tell the secret to a person in whom I don’t believe.（in whom是由believe in所形成）
• His failure was a heavy blow from which he never fully recovered.（from which是由recover from所形 成）
• There is a great demand for high-quality tuna, on which people in Japan would spend much money.（on which是由spend + 錢 + on + 物所形成）
5 課文句型②：介系詞配合名詞
S + V... + 名詞, 介系詞 + whom/which + S1 +V1
此介系詞與名詞形成介系詞片語。
• She showed me her engagement ring, on which there were three small diamonds.
（on which → on the ring）
• I arrived home at six o’clock, at which it began to rain heavily.（at which → at six o’clock）
• I am looking for a box in which I can put some rare stamps.（in which → in the box）
6 補充句型：
part/some/many/both/none...of which/whom...
wh i c h 代替前面主要子句中所提過的事物，whom則代替前面主要子句中所提過的人。
• The club consists of thirty members. Most of them are teachers.
→ The club consists of thirty members, most of whom are teachers.
• Tina bought many books. Some of them are romantic novels.
→ Tina bought many books, some of which are romantic novels.
Ⅱ. Review: S + V + lest S (should) VR
→ S + V + for fear that S should/might VR 1 本句型在介紹表否定目的的句型「以免、唯恐」。老 2 複習句型：for fear of + V-ing的用法
(1) S + V...for fear of + V-ing 為介詞片語的用法。
• We should be careful of what we say for fear of hurting others.
• We must pay close attention to traffic safety for fear of having accidents.
(2) S + V...in order not to + VR
為不定詞片語的用法。in order not to 可與 so as not to, not to 交換使用。
• The road being slippery, take care not to/in order not to/so as not to fall.
3 本課句型：
(1) S + V + lest S (should) VR
(2) S + V + for fear that + S + should/might VR
lest + S + (should) VR之句型在現代英文中已漸漸為for fear that取代。
• They placed a guard at the door, lest the prisoner (should) find a means of escape.
• We started early for fear that we should get caught in the traffic.
• The musician handled his instrument with great care for fear that it should be damaged.
4 補充句型①：so that + S + 否定動詞
S + V...so that/in order that + S + 否定動詞 本句型可以改寫成：
(1) lest + S + (should) VR
(2) for fear that + S + should/might VR
(3) so as not to + VR; in order not to + VR; not to + VR
• Many girls avoid eating sweets so that they may not gain weight.
→ Many girls avoid eating sweets lest they (should) gain weight.
→ Many girls avoid eating sweets for fear that they should/might gain weight.
→ Many girls avoid eating sweets so as not to gain weight.
• The speaker spoke very slowly and clearly so that the audience would not misunderstand him.
• Many students burn the midnight oil so that they will not fail the entrance exam.
5 補充句型 ②：in case + S + (should) VR...
(1) ...in case of + N 為片語用法。
(2) ...in case + S + (should) VR
可改寫成for fear that...。in case是「唯恐、以防（同lest）；萬一、假如（同if）」之意，作連接詞引 導副詞子句，與should 並用，以修飾主要子句。in case
置於句首可當if 使用， 當作「萬一」解，後面則可接現在式或過去式。
• In case of an/any accident, schoolchildren should report it to the teacher right away.（假如）
• Take your umbrella with you in case it may/should rain.（以防）
• In case I am late, please start the meeting without me.（萬一）
• I stopped suddenly in case/lest/for fear that he (should) think that I was showing off.（唯恐）
