ǵFangcalǵMakapahayǺӳǵऍޑ౛གྷғࢲڂࠠ

Fangcalay aiya fangcalay romiad sa anini yahey i yahey প֔Ǵ੿ࢂऍӳޑВη

Fangcalay aiya fangcalay romiad sa anini yahey i yahey প֔Ǵ੿ࢂऍӳޑВη

Anini a romiad to mifutingay ay ya hey ϞϺޑВη፾ӝਂങ

Anini a romiad to mifutingay ay ya hey ϞϺޑВη፾ӝਂങ

ya i ya hey hoi yang ho i yo in hoi yang ȐаΠ᠎ຒǺวԾܭᢌ჎ܭऍӳޑ௃གȑ

Ho i yo i yang ho i yo in hoi yang

Ya hei i ya hey ya hey i ya hey hay yo hey

Ȑ⃱廅䘬㖍⫸炻⁛ⓙ㫴嫈ȑ ẍᶲ䭨抬ᶨ㭝ˬ⃱廅䘬㖍⫸˭忁椾⁛ⓙ䚠䔞⺋㲃侴えᷭ㮹嫈炻⤡㍷徘Ḯ Pangcah/Amis Ṣ䓇㳣䘬䎮゛℠䭬烉⛐ᶨ⣑ⶍἄ⬴䔊ᷳ⼴傥⣈え攺䘬ⓙ叿㫴炻䳘㔠 ᶨ⣑䘬彃⊆ˤFangcal 㗗㇨徥㯪䘬䚖㧁炻恋湤炻Fangcal 䘬シ佑㗗Ṩ湤烎ẍ㚦⿅⣯

炷 2008 炸 ㇨ 䶐 个 䘬 ˬ 冢 䀋 Amis ⷠ 䓐 娆 䵜 冯 ≽ 娆 娆 㟡 ㇳ Ⅎ ˭ ᶨ 㚠 婒 㖶 烉 ˬfangcal/fancalǴӳǴऍӳǹऍ᜽ǴᅆߝǴ଎ΓǹᓬذǴᓬ໡ǹપዅǴဃዅǶ˭炷㚦

⿅⣯炻2008:113-114炸ᷣ天⻟婧㕤⢾堐䘬伶┬炻侴⎎ᶨ㛔䓙ᷕ厗㮹⚳俾䴻℔㚫㇨↢

䘬ˬ旧伶婆⫿℠˭⇯妋慳烉ˬ1.very good,fine ⤥炻Ἓ炻⃒烊2.beautiful,nice 㺪Ṗ炻 伶渿炻⃒伶 3.俾㻼˭ˤ䚠庫ᷳᶳ炻俾䴻℔㚫䘬侣嬗⻟婧䘬ᶵ⎒㗗⢾堐ᶲ䘬伶⤥炻

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ḇ叿慵℞ℏ㵝䘬⃒伶⍲俾㻼炻ˬ俾䴻˭ᶨ㚠ὧ塓侣嬗䁢ˬFangcalay a cudad˭炷┬

㚠炸ˤ侴⛐䓐㱽ᶲ 1.”misafangcal” to faloco-ἧℏ⽫列┬ misafangcal ἧㆸ䁢┬䘬炻 misa㚱ἧᷳㆸ䁢䘬シ佑 2.”misafacal” to demak-㈲ⶍἄ ⤥炻忁墉䘬 misafangcal 㚱 ἧⶍἄ炷demak炸⬴ㆸ䘬シ佑ˤ䓙㬌⎗夳 Fangcal ᶨ娆昌Ḯ伶䘬ˣ┬䘬炻怬⊭㊔ˬ⬴

ㆸ ⤥˭䘬シ佑炻⚈㬌ㆹ⮯ᷳ侣嬗䁢ˬ军冣⬴伶˭炻ᶵᾅ㚱℞⼊⭡⢾⛐冯ℏ㵝 䘬伶┬炻ḇ晙╣Ḯˬ⬴ㆸḮ˭冺㙊䘬デ奢ˤ忁䧖⮵㕤ˬ⬴ㆸ˭䘬⻟婧ḇ⯽䎦㕤 Pasongkang冯 Pakelang 㳣≽ˤ⇵侭㗗㭷㖍彚ḳ䳸㜇⼴⸦ᾳ㎃ⶍ䘬㚳⍳Ᾱ䘬倂㚫炻

⮷惴ˣ㫴ⓙ烊侴⼴侭⇯㗗慵⣏ḳ⊁炻ἳ⤪㇧⯳句ㆸˣ彚ḳˣ⨂╒╄ㄞˣ寸⸜䤕䳸 㜇忶⼴ẍ⭞㇞ˣ奒㕷ㆾ寸⸜䤕㛇攻ẍ⸜漉昶䳂䁢╖ỵ䘬倂㚫ˤ

⛐俾䴻℔㚫䘬娆㡅ᷕ Fangcal 怬㚱⎎ᶨᾳ⎴佑娆㗗 Kapah炻Kapah 㚱ℑᾳシ佑炻

℞ᶨ䁢ˬ⸜庽Ṣ˭炻ἳ⤪⸜漉昶䳂ᷕ 18-35 㬚ᷳ攻䧙䁢 Kapah炻⎎ᶨᾳシ佑⇯㗗伶 渿䘬ˣ㧁农䘬ˤ德忶婆妨䘬晙╣⎗ẍ⼿䞍 Pangcah/Amis Ṣ䘬㤪⾝ᷕ炻Ṣᶨ䓇㚨伶 渿ˣὲί侴ῤ⼿徥㯪䘬㗗⸜庽䘬忁ᶨ㭝㗪⃱炻Makapahay 㗗㚨㺪Ṗ䘬炻忁㗗⢾堐ᶲ 䘬伶⤥炻ㇻ㈖䘬㺪㺪ṖṖ炻栗䎦↢⸜庽Ṣ䘬㳣≃炻⚈㬌⟙⮶Ṣ⛐妋慳 Kapah ⛐⸜

漉昶䳂ᷕ䘬シ佑㗪㚦婒忶ˬऀޑᅆᅆߝߝޑၢᆸ˭炻℞䚖䘬㗗㈦⇘⎗ẍ⁛⬿㍍ẋ 䘬⮵尉ˤ⚈㬌 Kapah 䋞⤪䚃攳䘬剙㛝炻ᶨ⤪⛐⎬悐句㇨夳⇘䨧叿㚨厗渿䘬㚵梦冯 惵ẞ冯⃭㺧㛅㯋䘬䱦䤆ˤ

Fangcal冯 Makapahay ἄ䁢䓇㳣ᶲ⮎嶸䘬䚖㧁冯䎮゛㗗德忶Ṩ湤㧋䘬㨇⇞ㆾ㤪

⾝⇘忼炻䵕㊩␴媏䘬䣦㚫斄Ὢ冯屔ả↮㖶ˣ♜㟤妻䶜䘬ẍ⸜漉䁢䶐䳬䘬䣦㚫䳸㥳

ᷳ攻⤪ỽ⋼婧烎劍堅䨩冯ㅌ⾺㗗⮵㕤忁栆昶⸷斄Ὢ䘬⍵䳸㥳≃慷炻⤪ỽ⃳㚵⍵䳸 㥳⎗傥忈ㆸ䘬䟜⢆冯䒎妋烎ね䵺Ṣ栆⬠䘬↮㜸⍾⼹ㅱ䔞傥⣈䴎Ḱ㕘㕡⎹䘬┇䘤ˤ

ΒǵMangudu

Ǻόӳཀࡘ-բࣁޗ཮ᜢ߯ޑዎྖᆶঅံ

Fangcal冯 Makapahay ἄ䁢䎮゛䓇㳣䘬℠✳炻ḳ⮎ᶲ㗗徥㯪␴媏䘬䣦㚫斄Ὢᶲ炻 ẍ崭崲⸜漉ᶾẋˣ⿏⇍冯㕷佌斄Ὢᷳ攻⎗傥䘬堅䨩炻⤪ỽ䎮妋ㆹ⛐ Pangcah/Amis 䣦㚫ᷕ㇨デ⍿⇘䘬⸥満ˣ娤媏ˣ忲㇚冯㏆䪹炻䓂军㗗ˬℵ劎ḇ天䪹˭烎∱㔴晬 炷1965炸ˣ㛓ㆸ忻䓟炷1983炸冯䯉伶䍚炷1994炸䘬䞼䨞Ụ᷶㍸ὃḮ㝸䧖嚃䴚楔嶉ˤ

ག᝺ಚ৭ mangodoǴࣁߓऍ௼Γ߄Ңᒃឦ໔੝ਸ௃གޑനதـޑத঺ᇟǴ εӭኧޑ൑ӝࢂڒᒃឦؒԖ଺ډჹ൧ᒃឦᔈբޑ٣ਔ܌߄౜ځϣސޑག

௃Ǵჴࣁ׎ԋځΓ਱Ǵ០٬дॺᆢ࡭ၰቺউதޑന୷ҁޑচ୏ΚǶ炷∱

㔴晬䫱 1965:106炸

⛐䓘慶忶䦳ᷕ炻ἄ䁢ᶨᾳ姒⭊炷Lafang炸䴻ⷠ⎗ẍ倥⇘ᷣṢ㊃␤ㆹᾹ烉Aka mangudu炷ᶵ天⭊㯋ˣᶵ天⭛但炸炻侴⛐攟㛇䘬㊄姒忶䦳ᷕㆹḇ⬠佺⇘ẍˬmangudu han ako˭ἄ䁢攳柕冒ㆹṳ䳡䘬䘤婆娆炻Ụ᷶ˬNgudu˭忁ᶨᾳ娆⼁⛐ Pangcah/Amis Ṣ䘬䣦㚫斄Ὢᷕ㈖㺼䚠䔞慵天䘬ỵ伖ˤ忶⍣䘬䞼䨞侭⮯ᷳẍˬ但」˭ἄ䁢侣嬗炻 䈡⇍⬀⛐㕤 Kadafu炷岭⨧炸冯⥣⭞ᷳ攻䘬斄ὪỤ᷶⺞临Ḯ忶⍣Ṣ栆⬠妶婾䴎⥣侭 炷wife giver炸冯妶⥣侭炷wife taker炸ᷳ攻䘬昶⸷斄Ὢ炻ᶨ⤪䯉伶䍚㇨㍐婾ˬmagodo Ȑךόӳཀࡘȑࢂߓऍ௼໺಍ޑவۀۚᆶ҆سޗ཮ޑڋࡋ܌ࠠ༟Ƕ˭炷1994:78炸 Ữ䯉㔯ẍ Mangudu 娖慳剙咖䐆䧿悱⣯伶悐句屯㸸⋙᷷㗪㛇䘬ℑ䧖Ṍ㎃ pacucu炷ẋ

⒢ḛ炸冯 mikoga炷妶⛘䒄炸⇵侭㗗冒⶙仢᷷⤞㯜㗪Ṍ䴎悐句℞Ṿ㚱⤞㯜侭ẋ䁢⒢

做炻侴⼴侭⇯㗗⛐仢᷷梇䲏㗪⇘ṾṢ䘬⚺⛘㊾㍀⛘䒄炻ℑ侭悥㗗冯Ṣ㯪㎜䘬䈡㬲 ね㱩炻Ụ᷶⍰ᶵ⣈婒㖶 Mangudu ⛐ Pangcah/Amis 䣦㚫䘬シ佑ˤ忁⸦⸜㭼庫㶙⇣デ

⍿⇘忁䧖ᶵ⤥シ⿅䘬ね䵺㗗⛐䓟⫸⸜漉昶䳂䘬㳣≽䔞ᷕˤ2006ˣ2007 ⸜㚦䴻ẍ㚳

⍳䘬幓ấ⍫冯Ḯ楔⣒朵⸜漉昶䳂䘬㳣≽炻嶇叿䨧㕷㚵ᶨ崟 Malikuda炻ḇ昒Ờ叿䳬

101

133

⍳Ᾱ High ⇘⣑㖶㗪↮㕡㬠炻Ữ彼⊿⼴⚈䁢ᾳṢ⚈䳈䘤䓇Ḯᶨṃ⯟⯔炻⯙ᶨ䚜㰺㚱 ℵ⚆⍣⍫冯炻Ữ㗗ㆹℏ⽫℞⮎怬㗗埣㛇⼭傥⣈⚆⍣⍫冯昶䳂䘬㳣≽炻Ữ⯙忁㧋忶 Ḯ⸦⸜炻冯ᶨṃ㚳⍳䘬倗专⯙⤪㬌㕟㌱ˤ晐⼴⸦⸜映临⛐㷗⎋䫱悐句慵㕘㈦⚆デ 奢炻ḇ娎叿⓷忶ᶨṃᶵ⍫冯昶䳂䘬㟰ἳ炻ㇵ䘤䎦⍇Ἦㆹ䘬ね⼊᷎ᶵ㗗䈡ἳ炻ㆹ䘬

⽫䎮䉨ン⯙⤪⎴⟙⮶Ṣ㇨婒䘬ˬ⯙㗗 Mangudu˭ˤ⛐㷗⎋㚦䴻倥忶⚈䁢㰺彎㱽忂 忶 Paafa-䓙 Palalanay ᷣ⮶憅⮵ᶳℑ昶 Milatong 冯 Miafatay 䘬⣄攻娎入妻䶜-侴䳪幓 㛒⚆冒⶙䘬昶䳂炻侴塓昌⎵䘬㟰ἳ炻恋㧋⫸䘬ね䵺⯙㗗➢㕤 Mangudu 䘬ね䵺侴暊 攳炻㎃妨ᷳ㗗ⷞ叿ᶵ⤥シ⿅冯㫱␶䘬ね㆟ˤ⚈㬌炻Mangudu 䘬ね㆟⬀⛐㕤⼤㬌斄 Ὢ⎗傥㼃啷堅䨩ᷳ㗪炻ẍˬᶵ⤥シ⿅˭ἄ䁢性⃵䣦佌⌙㨇䘬㕡⺷ˤ劍ẍ忁ᾳ奺⹎

慵㕘䎮妋⛐ Pangcah/Amis 䣦㚫㗪炻⎗ẍ䘤䎦ˬℵ劎ḇ天䪹˭ˣˬ娤媏˭ˣˬ冒◚˭

冯ˬ⯽㺼˭䘬側⼴℞⮎㚱⼰㶙Ⰼ䘬 Mangudu 䘬⽫䎮炻䈡⇍㗗⛐昶⸷↮㖶ㆾ㪲≃ᶵ

⸛䫱䘬⸜漉昶䳂䳬䷼冯忶⍣䞼䨞侭㇨婒㖶䘬 Kadafu 冯⥣⭞奒Ⱄᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ㗪炻㇚

媼斄ὪỤ᷶ㆸ䁢 Mangudu ね㆟䘬䘤㳑⎋炻啱䓙ˬ冒◚˭ˣˬ⸥満˭㇨婀䘤䘬㬉㦪 ね䵺忼⇘␴媏䘬䉨ン炻⌛⮵㕤伶⤥䓇㳣℠✳-Fangcal 䘬ẩ㯪ˤ

䘦⸜Ἦ⢾Ἦ㓧㪲ㆾ䔘㔯⊾䷥ẍˬ㹓␴˭ˣˬ㖻㕤䚠嗽˭䫱⼊⭡娆㍷徘 Pangcah/Amis Ṣ炻⮯㬟⎚䷙㶙⺞Ỡ⇘㔠䘦⸜Ἦ䘬㬟⎚㔯㛔姀抬冯侮侩䘬姀ㅞ⇯㗗㊩临ᶵ㕟䘬怬 䉨怟⽁炻⸦⋩⸜ᷳℏ㚜⼊ㆸ冢䀋⍇ỷ㮹㕷ᷕ㚨㖑ㆸ䁢ˬ悥ⶪ⍇ỷ㮹˭䓂军⼊ㆸˬ悥 㚫悐句˭䘬䣦㚫䎦尉炻朊⮵⤪㬌柣䷩䘬怟⽁冯悐句䘬⼊ㆸ炻嫅ᶾ⾈䫱Ṣ炷2007炸 ẍˬ塪妋⿏䘬⁦⎹˭ἄ䁢㔯⊾ᶲ䘬妋慳ˤỮ⛐ㆹ䘬䴻槿ᷕ炻侩Ṣ⭞ⷠ婒ˬ㰺斄Ὢ炻

⯙嬻ṾᾹ⏏ˤ˭䓂军⇘䔞ẋ朊⮵⛇⛘㬋佑䘬⓷柴㗪炻朊⮵曺⸜ᷳ攻崲Ἦ崲㽨㖪䘬 ㅌㄐ炻㚱㗪攟廑Ᾱ怬㗗ˬ㰺斄Ὢ炻⯙嬻ṾᾹ⏏炻ㆹᾹℵ⍣⇍䘬⛘㕡ˤ˭⤪㬌䘬㹓

␴ˣ嫁怄嬻ㆹ忋䳸Ḯ Mangudu 䘬⎎⢾ᶨ⣿シ佑炻ˬ⮲㔔炻㔔䓷炻⯰⽆烊⭛但炻⭊

㯋炻但」˭炷㚦⿅⣯ 2008:341-342炸ㆾ侭ˬ䥖嬻˭炷㕡㓷劙 1986:106炸⤪㬌䘬ˬ⯰

⽆˭ˣˬ䥖嬻˭㗗㬟⎚忶䦳ᷕ䘤䓇⣒⣂ᶵ⸛䫱䘬㳩埨ˣ ⭛忈ㆸ䘬烎ㆾ侭㗗㚜㶙

⇣䘬㔯⊾奨⾝ἧ䃞烎湫⭋堃䘬ˬ䔘㕷奨˭㍸ὃḮ⎎⢾ᶨ䧖夾慶炻朊⮵ Pangcah/Amis 䣦㚫ᷕ姙⣂㍍䲵⃒⊊䔘㕷ἳ⤪烉㖍㛔Ṣˣ㻊Ṣ䘬㔯⊾⃫䳈᷎廱⊾䁢ㆹ㕷䘬䎦尉炻 湫娵䁢忁㗗旧伶㕷㛔幓㚱⁦⎹㕤㍍役ˣ⬠佺⃒⊊侭䘬㤪⾝ˤ⮯ Mangdu 冯⎹⢾㕷⬠

佺䘬䣦㚫䎦尉 忋䳸Ụ᷶ṵ㚱䚠䔞⣏䘬䨢攻忚埴扄㍍炻⎗傥ᶵ㗗㛔婾㔯䚖⇵傥⣈

⬴ㆸ䘬䚖㧁炻⛐㬌㍸↢ᶨ枭`姕冯⎗傥炻㚱岜㕤㖍⼴䘬䘤⯽ˤ

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ಃ

ಃΖക!่ፕᆶբࣁќ΋ࢤޑ໒ۈ!

!!!!Ȩ寸⸜䤕˭ἄ䁢䔞ẋ Pangcah/Amis Ṣ㕷佌シ嬀⼘栗䘬シ佑⶚䁢⊭㊔⻝ㄏ䪗 炷1995炸ˣ嫅ᶾ⾈炷2007炸䫱䞼䨞侭㲐シ炻Ữ䞼䨞侭᷎㛒シ嬀⇘䘬㗗⛐䤕₨ˣ䭨ㄞ

ᷳ⢾炻⇘⸽㗗⾶湤㧋䘬≽㨇⺽䘤ㆾ妠䘤㕷佌シ嬀⛐⍫冯䘬忶䦳ᷕ䓇ㆸ炻忚ᶨ㬍婒 ẍ⼨䞼䨞侭朊⮵寸⸜䤕㳣≽㗪炻叿慵䘬⛐㕤䤕₨䘬⼊⺷冯尉⽝シ佑ㆾ侭䔞ẋṢ佌 彼⚆-䦣≽䘬シ佑炻Ữ⮵㕤ˬṢ˭⛐℞ᷕ⇘⸽㈖㺼ḮṨ湤㧋䘬奺刚⌣䃉⽆䎮妋炻哉 㓧列炷2010炸㗗⮹㔠㍸↢ẍˬ忲㇚˭㤪⾝ἄ䁢⿅侫䤕₨⯽㺼忶䦳ᷕ炻ἧ忶⍣冯䔞 ẋ䓊䓇忋䳸炻Ṣ佌ᷳ攻䓊䓇Ṍ圵炻㛔婾㔯冯ᷳ㊩㚱栆Ụ䘬䚳㱽炻娵䁢䔞ẋね⠫ᶳ 䔘岒⣂⃫䘬㕷Ṣ⛐㬌⟜➇ᷕ䘬⋗倂炻䤕₨㛔幓ẍ⍲䤕₨ᷳ⢾䘬⟜⎰-ˬ䍑˭㗗ᷚ忋 崟⎬䧖㔯⊾⃫䳈ˣ䣦㚫斄Ὢ䘬㕡⺷ˤ侴⛐ˬ䍑˭䘬側⼴炻㚜㶙Ⰼ䘬⽫䎮ἄ䓐㗗Ṩ 湤烎䁢Ṩ湤天ˬ䍑˭⇯㗗㛔㔯ⶴ㛃㍊妶䘬⎎ᶨᾳ䚖㧁炻侴ㆹ娵䁢忁ᾳ䚖㧁冯ˬMana ko Pangcah˭炷ỽẍ䁢Ṣ烎ỽẍ䁢旧伶Ṣ炸ᷳ攻℟㚱䚠䔞㶙↯䘬斄忋ˤ

婾 㔯 ẍ ⚃ ᾳ 悐 句 烉 剙 咖 ䷋ ⃱ ⽑ 悱 楔 ⣒ 朵 -Fata’an ˣ 剙 咖 ䷋ 寸 㾙 悱 㷗 ⎋ Makotaayˣ冢㜙䷋斄Ⱉ捖暣⃱-Kaadaadaan 冯㕘䤷慴⚃ᾳ悐句䘬寸⸜䤕⟜➇ἄ䁢奨

⮇ˣ㭼庫䘬⟜➇ˤ⛐忁⚃ᾳ悐句ᷕ⍇⯙晙⏓叿䫔Ḵ䪈㇨婒㖶䘬㔯⊾ᶲ⛘➇⿏䘬ⶖ 䔘炻⊿㕡冯⋿㕡ᷳ攻⛐䤕₨ᶲ⬀㚱幵ḳ冯彚ḳ㬉ㄞℑ䧖ᶵ⎴䘬シ佑炻䤕₨⿏岒㬟 䴻㖍㱣ẍ⇵ˬ䌝椾-⮷䰛-䓟⫸⸜漉昶䳂˭䘬ᷣḳ䃎溆䁢⚳⭞冯➢䜋⬿㔁䤩䳽ℵ⽑㋗

䘬忶䦳炻侴徸㬍廱⊾䁢ˬ䭨ㄞ˭冯ˬ㕷佌娵⎴˭䘬シ佑炻Ữ⛐⼊⺷ᶲ-⊭㊔㦪准ˣ 䳸㥳ᶲṵ℟㚱䚠䔞⣏䘬ⶖ䔘ˤ

劍⥹ᶼ⮯ Pangcah/Amis Ṣ䣦㚫ἄ䁢ˬᶨᾳ㕷佌˭¹⁰²㩊夾℞⛐㬟⎚ᷕ䘬䘤⯽炻

⎗ẍ䚳⇘ᶨᾳ徸㬍怲䶋⊾䘬忶䦳炻⚃ᾳ悐句⎬冒㑩㚱ᶵ⎴䘬⋨➇䈡岒ˣ≃慷忚ℍ

102 ˬ旧伶㕷˭㤪⾝䘬⺢㥳㗗㖍㱣㗪㛇ẍἮ⚳⭞冯㮹㕷⬠⬠侭ˬ≃慷㈨喅˭炷Power Technique炸⯽

䎦䘬䳸㝄炻⛐㬌ᷳ⇵㕷Ṣẍ悐句ˣ㮷㕷ˣ㚵梦䲣䴙䫱⛘㕡䞍嬀ἄ䁢彐嬀ㆹ佌冯Ṿ佌䘬㊯㧁炻㎃妨

ᷳ冯Ṳ㖍ᶵ⎴㕷Ⱄ䘬Ṣ佌冯㔯⊾Ṏ⎗德忶䔞⛘Ṣ䘬シ嬀✳ン塓㬠ℍˬㆹ佌˭䘬䭬䔯炻䚠⮵䘬炻婒⎴

ᶨ栆㕡妨䘬ṢṎ㚱⎗傥⚈䓇㤕ˣ䤩⽴䫱⛘㕡䞍嬀䘬㤪⾝塓㬠䁢ˬṾ佌˭ˤ

䘬㕡⺷ẍ⍲忶䦳炻⛐⎴㧋㬟䴻嬲怟䘬㝞㥳ᶳ炻⯽䎦Ḯℙ⎴冯ⶖ䔘䘬䎦尉ˤ椾⃰炻

⚃ᾳ悐句䘬ˬ寸⸜䤕˭⛐䔞ẋ悥℟㚱檀⹎⯽䎦冒ㆹ㕷佌幓ấ䘬シ␛炻⽑㋗⼴䘬寸

⸜䤕ㆸ䁢ˬ㮹὿㳣≽˭侴ᶵ㗗ˬ⬿㔁㳣≽˭¹⁰³炻᷎ᶼ⛐⚳⭞䘬ˬ⬱㌺˭¹⁰⁴ᶳˬ寸

⸜䤕˭ㆸ䁢ˬ旧伶㕷䘬ẋ⎵娆˭ˤ⛐⚃ᾳ悐句ᷕ炻楔⣒朵冯㷗⎋悥㚱䚠䔞㔠慷䘬奨

⃱⍫冯炻ᶵ⎴䘬㗗㷗⎋ṵ䃞➭㊩䤕₨ᷕ䘬䤩⽴⿏冯悐句䘬ᷣ橼⿏炻奨⃱⭊塓旣䳽 㕤䤕℠⟜ᷳ⢾烊侴楔⣒朵⛐ㆹデ⍿ᶲ⇯ᶨ䚜冯⚳⭞忚埴⋼⓮-⥍⋼炻奨⃱⭊ˣ㓧㱣

≃䘬⓷柴⍵央塓㍸↢ˣ㩊妶ˣ䘤䓇炻䚠⮵⣏㚫䤕℠⟜ᶲ䘬暄枛炻⸜漉昶䳂䷥悐ᷳ

攻䘬Ḻ姒⯽䎦Ḯ⺞临冒⎌侩⁛䴙冯䔞ẋ㕷Ṣ啱ᷳↅ倂冒ㆹ炻侴傥ẍᷳἄ䁢㕷佌娵

⎴ˣ悐句娵⎴䘬䓇ㆸˤ暣⃱冯㕘䤷慴⇯⏰䎦㇒䃞ᶵ⎴䘬⃱㘗炻⛐⋨➇䈡⿏ᶲℑ⛘

Ⱄ㕤䧣䰛䘬⮰㤕䓊⋨炻㕷Ṣ⯽䎦䘬㗗䧣䰛䓇䓊忙㛇ᷳ攻攻昼䘬㬉ㄞ炻德忶䭨ㄞ䘬 冱埴冯⍫冯␴忶⍣䘬䣾⃰忚埴忋䳸炻᷎ᶼ德忶ᶨ⤪ẍ⼨䘬⭞㇞ˣ奒⍳倂㚫⼊⺷-ẍ

⍲≈ℍ㕭⢾䘬㕷奒ἄ䁢ˬ⚆⭞䘬㖍⫸˭炻暣⃱⛐㶙⍂䘬㔯⊾⸽喲ᶳ朊⮵⋨➇䳸㥳䘬

⣂㫉ℵ䳸㥳炻デ⍿⇘㔯⊾⁛㈧㕟塪䘬⿸ヴ炻⚈侴德忶䣦⋨䷥橼䆇忈シ⚾慵㕘⽑㋗

⸜漉昶䳂炻ẍ㬟⎚㔀ḳˣ⸜漉昶䳂䳬䷼ἄ䁢娚悐句ˬ㔯⊾˭䘬堐⽝冯娵⎴㧁䘬ˤ 㬌⢾炻ἄ䁢㕘䦣ℍ䘬悐句炻㕘䤷慴㬋徸㬍⺢㥳冒ㆹ䘬㬟⎚㔀ḳ冯⋨➇ℏ䘬䣦㚫ỵ 伖炻侴℞⯽䎦䳈㧠䘬䭨ㄞシ尉㗗䔞ẋ媠⣂ Pangcah/Amis 悐句寸⸜䤕䘬㧋尴炻朊冐 冯⍇悱㔯⊾䘬暊㔋炻㕘䤷慴德忶冒ㆹ寸⸜䤕䘬冱彎尉⽝冯⍇悱⺢䩳ねデ忋䳸䘬ẩ

⚾-⇍㕤㛔⛘䘬㚵梦冯㫴嫈⁛㈧烊Ữ⎎ᶨ㕡朊㕘䤷慴ḇ德忶倗⎰斄Ⱉ寸⸜䤕䘬⍫冯 䨩栗↢ἄ䁢斄Ⱉ⛘⋨旧伶㕷Ṣᶨ悐䘬䣦㚫ỵ伖ˤ

⚃ᾳ悐句㇨栗䎦䘬ⶖ䔘㗗㔯⊾⼊⺷ᶲ䘬ᶵ⎴冯㬟⎚傰䴉✳⟹䘬䎦尉炻⎴㧋䘬

103 Ữ忁墉⽭枰♜倭婒㖶䘬㗗炻⌛ἧ㗗⛐⼴䎦ẋね⠫ᶳ炻ṵ㚱姙⣂Ṣ㆟㉙叿♜倭侴嫡ヶ䘬⬿㔁ね㆟

朊⮵ˬ寸⸜䤕˭ᷕ䘬媠⣂㔯⊾⃫䳈ˤ⚈㬌炻忁㭝娙ㅱ䎮妋䁢㕷Ṣ⮵㕤䤕₨/䭨ㄞ⎬䧖⣂倚悐ˣ⣂慵

゛⁷䁢Ἓˤ

104 忁墉㊯䘬⬱㌺㗗㊯冒 1970 ⸜ẋ崟ẍˬ寸⸜䤕˭ἄ䁢婚㛔ᶲ䎮妋ˬ旧伶㕷˭䘬ẋ⎵娆炻忚侴㍐⯽

奨⃱炻䓂军啱䓙ˬᶫ㚰䘬冢㜙炻ℓ㚰䘬剙咖˭䘬⭋⁛ㆾ䴎Ḱ墄≑炷䎦慹ˣ尔炸䘬㕡⺷㌺⸷ˣ⋼⓮Ḯ 悐句䘬冱彎㗪攻炻夷䭬Ḯˬ旧伶㕷˭冯ˬ寸⸜䤕˭ᷳ攻䘬斄Ὢ炻冯旧伶㕷ἄ䁢⚳⭞ℏ悐㕷佌䲣嬄ˬㅱ

137

㗗ἄ䁢㕷佌シ嬀冯悐句娵⎴䘬ↅ倂冯䓇ㆸ炻ˬ䍑˭堐䎦⛐⯽㺼ˣ㇚媼斄Ὢˣ倂㚫ᷳ

ᷕˤˬ䍑˭炻ㆾ侭ˬ嶇婘䍑˭ˣˬ䁢Ṩ湤天䍑˭⇯㴱⍲Ḯ㶙Ⰼ䘬㔯⊾シ䎮冯ね䵺怷廗ˤ

⽆㖍ⷠ䓇㳣ᷕ䘬㎃ⶍ埴䁢冯⣂枛⿏炷墯枛炸㫴嫈䘬伶⬠⼊⺷⯽䎦Ḯˬ㖊䪞䇕⍰⎰

ἄ˭ˣˬ㕿溻䚠䔞˭䘬Ṣ晃斄Ὢ炻侴忁㧋䘬Ṣ晃斄Ὢ㗗德忶⼴⣑ᶵ㕟䘬⮎嶸⺢䩳炻

⊭㊔䓟⫸⸜漉昶䳂䫱忶⍣娵䁢℟㚱ˬ⃰⣑˭䘬⇞⹎冯䳬䷼¹⁰⁵ˤˬ⛐劎悥天䪹˭䘬冒

◚冯㇚媼ᶵἮ冒㕤㬟⎚ᶲᶵ㕟塓怲䶋⊾䘬姀ㅞ炻ḇ⍵ㅱḮ⮵㕤㪲≃斄Ὢᶵ⸛䫱 䘬㈿嬘冯㼌㹹炻Fangcal 伶⤥㗗ᶨᾳ Pangcah/Amis Ṣ䎮゛䘬䓇㳣℠✳炻㶙Ⰼ䘬 Manugduね㆟朊⮵堅䨩-劎炻ἧ忁ᾳ䣦㚫啱䓙⮵㕤冒ㆹ䘬⃳⇞ˣ⽵侸性⃵堅䨩炻䵕

㊩Ḯ䓟⫸⸜漉昶䳂䘬昶⸷斄Ὢ炻侴⍰ẍ㬋⎹䘬䪹-㇚媼ˣ䍑櫏 䁢⼤㬌㹅忂ˣ⋼⓮ 䘬㨇⇞炻䵕㊩Ḯ堐朊ᶲ␴媏䘬䣦㚫斄Ὢˤˬ㈦⮳⍳Ờ˭側⼴㇨喲⏓䘬ˬ㕿溻䚠䔞˭

␴ˬ㖊䪞䇕⍰⎰ἄ䘬✳ン˭Ụ᷶ḇシ㫚德忶ᾳṢ傥≃䘬⯽䎦ㆾ⯽㺼⍾⼿普橼⿏䘬 娵⎴炻ˬ䍑⛐ᶨ崟˭ㆸ䁢Ḯ⼤㬌䳪幓䤷䤵ℙṓ䘬⛀橼炻ἧ⸜漉昶䳂䘬忳ἄ冯䦑⸷ㆸ 䁢⎗傥ˤ⛐䔞ẋ炻朊⮵䔘岒侴⣂⃫䘬䣦㚫ね⠫炻ˬ䍑˭ㆸ䁢Ḯ䓇⬀䘬ᶨ䧖䫾䔍炻ᶵ

㗗ᾳṢ䘬炻ḇ㗗⸜漉昶䳂⁛䴙䘬⺞临ẍ⍲㕷佌/悐句娵⎴䘬䓇ㆸ㨇⇞ˤ

ˬˬMana ko Pangcah˭⓷柴䘬㍊䳊军㬌⶚⚆䫼䫔Ḵᾳ␥柴-ἄ䁢ᶨᾳ旧伶Ṣ炻ỽ

ẍ䁢ᷳˤ䃞侴朊⮵䫔ᶨᾳ⓷柴-Ṣᷳ㇨ẍ䁢Ṣ炻ṵ暨天德忶Ṣ奨䫱奺⹎忚埴⍵⿅炻 ℵ㑘⮓婾㔯⬴䧧䘬⇵⸦⣑炻⾥䃞シ嬀⇘忶⍣↮㜸㝞㥳ᶲ㛒㚦㶙䨞䘬Ⰼ朊炻⿸ㆤˤ 寸⸜䤕䘬シ佑ᶵ⛐㕤㬉ㄞˣ䓟⫸⸜漉昶䳂䘬⯽䎦冯㕷佌シ嬀䘬ↅ倂炻℞冯⁛䴙 曰⿏-⬿㔁/䤩⽴䞍嬀䲣䴙䃉㱽僓戌炻侴忁⣿䞍嬀䲣䴙⌣冒㖍㱣㗪㛇⼴徸㻠㕟塪炻 1980⸜ẋ⇵映临⽑㋗寸⸜䤕⁛䴙䘬⼊⺷忶䦳ᷕ炻朊⮵ˬ曰-Kawas ≃慷˭㗪炻ㆹᾳ Ṣ⛐ᶨṃ⟜⎰冯婾㔯ᷕỤ᷶悥デ⍿⇘ᶨṃˬ⿸ㆤ˭䘬嚃䴚楔嶉炻⽑㋗ㇻ攳ḮṨ湤烎 ⷞ⚆ḮṨ湤烎Ụ᷶ṵ㚱㊩临徥⮳䘬⽭天炻侴忁Ụ᷶ḇ⚆⇘ㆹ䞼䨞␥柴䘬䫔ᶨᾳ␥

柴炻ˬṢᷳ㇨䁢䁢Ṣ˭䘬妶婾炻ㆹ䚖⇵⯂䃉㱽妋㰢炻ṵ㚱⼭㛒Ἦ䘬䘤⯽冯㚱⽫Ṣ䘬

105 ẍ⸜漉ˣᶾẋ䫱⃰⣑⿏ˣ䓇䈑⿏ἄ䁢⸜漉昶䳂䳬䷼䘬⍇⇯炻ḳ⮎ᶲṵ枰朊冐ˬ昌⎵˭ˣˬ䔁䳂˭

䘬⡻≃炻侴暨天德忶⼴⣑ᶵ㕟䘬⮎嶸䵕专ˤ

㊩临斄㲐ˤ

139

ӧ೭္܌࣮ޑ ܌᠋ޑ

܌ᆪޑ ܌ᖱޑ

೿ؒԖᡂ

ٗঁ ࣮ ᠋ ᖱ Ӟ ᆪ βӦ ؒׯᡂ ך࣮ޑٗঁ ೿΋ኬ

ࢂѦय़ޑׯᡂ೭္

ᡂޑ Cepo’ࢂӢࣁ Makotaay MakotaayޑӸӧ ࢂ Cepo’੮Πޑ

дޑࡺ٣ дޑӜӷ ӧ Makotaay ᇥ Cepo’Cepo’όـ

࣮ޑࢂ Makotaay дᗋӧ Cepo’

ٰ࣮࣮ѐ Cepo’ᆶ Makotaay ᄗٰᄗѐ Makotaay գॺ ךॺ ӧ Cepo’

ךӧѦᇥ Makotaay ӣٰӧ Cepo’

Ȑ܎໵η.ၲҥϻ 2006Ǻ162ȑ

!

ୖԵਜҞ!

Barth, Fredrik

1959 Political Leadership among Swat Pathans. Lodon: Tavistock Publications.

Elwin, Verrier

1964 The tribal world of Verrier Elwin: an autobiography. Bombay: Oxford University

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Geertz, Clifford

1963 Peddlers and Princes: Social Development and Economic Change in Two Indonesian Towns. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

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1988 Territorial Imperatives: Akha Ethnic Identity and Thailand’s National Integration. In Ethnicities and nations : processes of interethnic relations in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific, edited by Remo Guidieri, Francesco Pellizzi, and Stanley J. Tambiah. Houston : Rothko Chapel ; Austin : Distributed by

Keyes, Charles F.

1995 Who are Tai? Reflections on the invention of identities. In Ethnic identity :

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