კ 4.41 ࢂҁԛჴբޑЬाႝၡࢎᄬǴх֖ٿঁЬाޑҽǺ(1) ৡᒡрᓸਁᕏᏔǹ(2) ጠӝᡂᓸᏔ(transformer)ႝၡǶ
(1)ճҔಔႝᡏǴஒځ௨ӈԋ Cross-couple ޑࠠԄǴջёаӧ ځᒡрᆄౢғ҅ӣǴӆճҔᒡрᆄޑ resonator җޑीځ ӅਁᓎZ 1 LCǴջёӧགྷाޑᓎౢғڬය܄ޑᒡрǶҁႝၡޑ Ѥঁ࣬ՏᒡрࣣԖᐱԾޑ LC-tankǴӧ cross-couple ၡ৩௦Ҕႝբ ࣁӣϡҹǶԜਔѸගٮୃᓸႝࢬǴcross-couple ޑႝᡏωё҅
தπբǶԶ(2)ޑीБݤ൩ၟ 4.5 ኬǶ
კ 4.41 Superharmonic coupling QVCO ϐႝၡკ
Symmetric Transformer ϐ܄ኳᔕ
(1)ጠӝᡂᓸᏔϐኳᔕǺ
ճҔ EM ኳᔕ೬ᡏ(Momentum)ᆉᡂᓸᏔޑୖኧϷጠӝ߯ኧ:
ĺ K=-0.835 Transmission Coefficient= -4dB @10GHzǴጠӝ߯ኧࣁॄ
ॶࢂӢࣁךॺעٿЍጠӝޑႝࢬᒡΕᡂᓸᏔޑϸӛᆄǶԜѦǴ߈՟
ঁਏႝၡٰኳᔕ Time domain ޑਏᔈǶ
m12freq=
real(K_sim1)=-0.83510.00GHz
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
freq, GHz
real(K_sim1)
m12
m14freq=
dB(S(6,7))=-4.84510.00GHz
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
freq, GHz
dB(S(6,7))
m14
R R6 R=9.237 Ohm R R7 R=7.754 Ohm
L L2 R=
L=1.618 nH L L3 R=
L=2.222 nH
Mutual C=12.305 fF
C C8 C=13.102 fF
C C7 C=0.762 fF C
C6 C=0.008 fF C C11 C=40.853 fF
C C10 C=42.227 fF
4.6.1 Ⴃीೕӈ߄
Item Spec Supply Voltage 3 V
Current of QVCO core 3.16 mA Current of Output buffer 11.5 mA Power Consumption of core ~ 9.48 mW
Tuning frequency range 5.006GHz~5.529GHz
KVCO 523MHz/V Output Power -1.328dBm @ 5.529GHz
-2.783dBm @ 5.006GHz Phase Noise -107dBc/Hz @ 1MHz offset
Die size 1355 um × 1182 um 4.6.2 ჴෳ่݀
(1) Output spectrum: 4.159GHz, -13.05dBm
(2) Phase noise: -116.2831dBc/Hz
(3) KVCO Ϸ Output power: 23.1MHz/V
-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
4.02 4.04 4.06 4.08 4.10 4.12 4.14 4.16 4.18 4.20 4.22
-7.0 -6.5 -6.0 -5.5 -5.0 -4.5 -4.0 -3.5 -3.0
Output Power (dBm)
Frequency (GHz)
Vtune (V)
4.6.3 ่ፕᆶፕ
(1) Die Photo:
(2) Chip performance:
Item Measurement Supply Voltage 3 V
Current of QVCO core 3.2mA Current of Output buffer 33.94mA Power Consumption of core ~ 9.6mW
Tuning frequency range
VtuneǺ0~2.6 4.14 ~ 4.20GHz
KVCO 23.1MHz/V Phase Noise @1MHz offset -116.28dBc/Hz
FOM -178.80dBc/Hz Output Power ~-6dBm
Die size 1355 um Ø 1182 um ೭ԛΠጕ܌٬ҔޑႝၡࢎᄬǴࢂஒٿঁ࣬ӕ LC-tank VCO ճҔ Symmetricޑ transformer բ Superharmonic couplingǴаౢғ҅Ҭ࣬Տ ޑ LO ૻဦǶҗໆෳ่݀ᆶኳᔕ่݀բКၨǴӧਁᕏᓎୃ౽Αஒ
߈ 900MHzǴԋޑচӢёૈࢂኳᔕਔ٬Ҕޑϡҹ model ᆶჴሞޑ ॶԖрΕǶҗܭҁႝၡԖ٬Ҕډ PN-junction ޑ varactorǴЪԜԛΠጕ
TSMC SiGe 0.35µm ޑ model ۘ҂ׯހǴӧኳᔕ model ᆶ Layout
٠҂ӝǴӵ݀уႝགޑᕴୃ౽ໆၲ 56%Ǵ൩ளډҁԛޑໆෳ
่݀Ƕҗ tuning range ؒၲډႣॶёаϐǴᔈ၀ࢂ varactor ޑ model
วғୢᚒǶԜѦǴSymmetric ޑ transformer ٠҂Πၸ testkeyǴᗨฅ ӧኳᔕਔςҔ EM ೬ᡏႣځ܄Ǵόၸჴሞޑਏ݀ᗋࢂளΠ testkey ٰ ᡍ Ƕ ӧ Phase noise ޑ ܄ ൩ ӳ ࡐ ӭ Ǵ ၲ ډ -122dBc/Hz@1MHz offsetǶфБय़ΨᆶႣය࣬߈Ƕ
4.7 ჴբǵΒǵΟϐКၨ
Coupling Method Top-Series Superharmonic Superharmonic Technology InGaP/GaAs
2͔m HBT
InGaP/GaAs 2͔m HBT
SiGe 0.35͔m BiCMOS HBT Output Frequency
range (GHz) 4.054 ~ 4.143 4.913 ~ 5.038 4.14 ~ 4.20 Power
Consumption (mW)
25.5 18.5 9.6
KVCO (MHz/V) 25.43 31.25 23.1
Output Power
(dBm) ~ 2 ~ -4 ~ -6
Phase noise
@1MHzOffset -120.02dBc/Hz -126.29dBc/Hz -116.28dBc/Hz
FOM (dBc/Hz) -178.21 -187.16 -178.80
߄ 4.1 ჴբ҅Ҭ࣬ՏਁᕏᏔϐКၨ
ಃϖക
่ፕ
ҁፕЎճҔ GCT 2.0 um InGaP/GaAs HBT Ϸ SiGe 0.35µm BiCMOS ϐ ᇙ ำ Ǵ ჴ Α Static ǵ Dynamic ǵ Superdynamic ǵ Injection-LockedǵRegenerative ଯೲନᓎႝၡࢎᄬǴவໆෳளډޑ
ႝၡ܄ᆶፕ࣬үǺ(1)Dynamic ஒ regenerative part ޑႝࢬᡂλࡕ ዴჴК Static ޑനଯᏹբᓎଯΑ50%Ƕόၸҁ Dynamic ႝၡӧեᓎ ਔޑᄊጄൎၨৡǴёӧΠԛ٬Ҕਔஒ regenerative part ک read part ޑႝࢬКፓե٤Ƕҁჴբ٬Ҕ1Ǻ3Ǵࢂ MOS ᇙԋന٫ϯࡕޑК ٯǴՠࢂӧ InGaP ᗋሡբ٤ፓǶ(2)Superdynamic ፕᔈё ஒ Dynamic ޑᏹբᓎӆගϲǴόၸ HBT চҁޑૻဦਁ൯൩όӵ CMOS εǴЪၸεޑᒡΕૻဦᡣ HBT ޑႝᡏ saturateǴ܌аԜࢎ
ᄬؒԖགྷޑໆෳ่݀Ƕ(3)Regenerative ନᓎႝၡޑനଯᏹբᓎዴ ჴࢂനଯၲډ27GHzǴஒ߈Βϩϐޑ fTǴ࣬ၨܭ Static ᆶ Dynamic ѝૈၲΟϩϐډѤϩϐԖᡉޑගϲǶவໆෳ่݀Ψёᢀჸډ Regenerative ӧ ե ᓎ ޑ ᏹ բ ज़ ڋ Ǵ ሡ ा 7GHz а ω ૈ ၮ բ Ƕ (4)Injection-Locked ߾ࢂԖեф٠ၲډଯᓎᏹբޑ܄Ǵӧ 10GHzѰѓޑᏹբѝ21mWǴऊࢂ Static ޑ1/3ǵRegenerative ޑ1/2Ǵ όၸ locking range നଯѝԖ6%ޑ foscǴӵ݀ाቚу locking range ᔈ௦ Ҕ Q ॶၨեޑႝགǶॊޑӚႝၡࢎᄬԖόӕޑᓬલᗺ(ᏹբᓎ
ጄൎǵфǵനଯᏹբᓎǷǷǷ)Ǵஒٰӧी PLL ਔ൩ёа ٩ᏵسޑሡǴᒧޑࢎᄬٰ٬ҔǶीନᓎᏔਔाуε output bufferޑႝࢬǴ೭ࢂӢࣁ on-wafer ໆෳࢂҔ50ȍ سǴࣁΑӧ spectrum analyizer࣮ډଯܭ noise flow ޑᒡрૻဦǴѸҔଯႝࢬ ០50ȍ ٰౢғεޑਁ൯ǴሺᏔωૈ᠐ډૻဦǶ
ӧ҅Ҭ࣬ՏޑਁᕏᏔჴբǴΨ٬Ҕ SiGe Ϸ GaAs ٿᇙำٰჴ բǶόӕޑጠӝࢎᄬԖ Phase noise Ϸ Phase error ޑ trade-offǴჹᔈ
ډ Zero-IF ک Low-IF سޑाచҹࡕǴёаᒧҔԖճܭسޑႝ
ၡीБݤǶவ InGaP/GaAs ჴբрޑ Top-Series ک Superharmonic couplingࢎᄬёаวࡕޣޑ phase noise ܄ၨӳǴӢԜႝᡏ٬Ҕ ޑӭჲჹ phase noise ޑቹៜࡐεǶόၸ SiGe ޑ Superharmonic couplingࢎᄬ phase noise όӵ GaAs ޑ Top-SeriesǴЬӢᗋࢂ Si ޑ
୷݈όࢂӳޑ๊ጔᡏǴԋᚇૻၸ୷݈ቹៜᡏႝၡޑ܄Ƕ
ၸ FOM ޑКၨࡕǴSuperharmonic ޑ܄ӧόؼޑ୷݈ᗋࢂёᆶ Top-Series࣬ϰእǶӧໆෳਁᕏᏔਔǴDC supply Ѹߚத੮ཀǴDC όᛙۓჹਁᕏޑᓎ൩ԋᅆǴໆෳ Phase noise ਔ൩คݤளډ ᛙۓޑ DataǶ
നࡕӧ SiGe ჴբрཥࢎᄬޑ VCOǴճҔ Hartely ࢎᄬޑե Phase noise ᓬᗺу cross-coupled ޑႝᡏჹౢғॄႝߔǴᡣ VCO όՠܰଆਁ٠ߥԖ࣬եޑ phase noiseǶᗨฅᗋ҂ᕇளໆෳ่݀Ǵ ӧኳᔕᆶፕ୷ᘵёЍԜࢎᄬޑёՉ܄Ƕ
ୖԵЎ!
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