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三、分詞構句

在文檔中 三級文法 (頁 98-102)

1. 分詞構句

分詞構句主要由表時間、原因、條件、讓步的副詞子句簡化而來。其步驟為:

(1)主詞相同時,省略非主要子句的主詞。

(2)連接詞可省略

be 動詞  being(可省略)

(3)動詞改為分詞: 一般動詞  主動:現在分詞 / 被動:過去分詞 have 動詞  having

(4)否定副詞 not:置於分詞前

用 法 例 句

表「時間」 Taking a walk, I met Sally and her mother.

= While I was taking a walk, I met Sally and her mother.

(我散步時遇到莎莉和她母親。)

表「原因」【註1 Staying up late last night, I felt sleepy this morning.

= Because I stayed up late last night, I felt sleepy this morning.

(因為昨晚熬夜,我今天早上覺得很睏。)

表「條件」 Taking my advice, you will finish the task on time.

= If you take my advice, you will finish the task on time.

(你要是接受我的建議,你就會如期完成任務。)

表「讓步」 Having been trying hard to save her life, we lost her finally.

=Though we had been trying hard to save her life, we lost her finally.

(雖然我們很努力地試著救她,她最後還是死了。)

表「附帶狀況」

【註2

Timothy stood there and waited for his son.

= Timothy stood there, waiting for his son.

(提姆西站在那裡等他兒子。)

【註1】在簡化副詞子句時,要先判斷分詞化的動詞的主、被動語意、完成式或一般式。

【例】1. Having finished her assignment, Mandy went to bed.

= After Mandy finished her assignment, she went to bed.

(做完功課後,蔓蒂就去睡覺。)

 finish assignment 先發生,所以在分詞構句時要用完成式。

2. (Being) designed perfectly, the product became a best-seller this year.

= Because the product was designed perfectly, it became a best-seller this year.

(因為這產品設計完美,所以它是今年最夯的產品。)

 the product 是「被設計」的,所以要用表達被動語意的過去分詞來完成分詞構句。

3. Not knowing how to solve the problem, he asked me for help.

= As he didn’t know how to solve the problem, he asked me for help.

(因為他不知道怎麼解決那問題,他求助於我。)

【註2】此乃由對等子句簡化而來。S1 + V1..., and S2 + V2...  S1 + V1..., (S2) + V-ing / Vpp...

1. The old man died and left a big fortune to his sons.

= The old man died, leaving a big fortune to his sons.

(那老人家去世,留了一大筆財富給他的兒子們。) 前後主詞相同,省略其一。

2. This is my first time to take a plane, and I couldn’t help feeling excited.

= This being my first time to take a plane, I couldn’t help feeling excited.

(這是我第一次搭飛機,我忍不住興奮得很。) 前後主詞不同,皆不省略。

2.獨立分詞構句(或「絕對分詞構句」)

獨立分詞構句也是由副詞子句簡化而來。只是因為前後兩主詞不一樣,所以兩者皆不可省 略。其餘簡化步驟均和分詞構句相同。

【例】1. It being pleasant, we went picnicking.

= Because it was pleasant, we went picnicking.

(因為天氣好,我們去野餐。)

2. There being no bus, we took a taxi home.

= Because there was no bus, we took a taxi home (因為沒公車,我們搭計程車回家。)

3.含附屬連接詞的分詞構句

為使句意明顯,有時會把附屬連接詞(如 when, as, if, although...等)保留。

句型: 連接詞 + 分詞...., S + V...

【例】1. While viewing those old pictures, we recalled the wonderful old days.

(當看著這些舊照片時,我們回想起美好的往日時光。)

2. Though winning the scholarship, he was humble.

(雖然贏得了獎學金,他仍是謙虛待人。)

4. 慣用分詞構句

慣用分詞構句是固定的分詞用法,常用來做副詞、介系詞或連接詞用。

Roughly speaking(粗略而言) Speaking / Talking of....(一說到)

Generally speaking (一般而言) Judging from....(由...判斷)

Strictly speaking (嚴格地說) According to...(根據...)

Frankly speaking(坦白說) Compared with/to ..(與....比較)

Broadly speaking(廣泛地說) Considering / In view of ....(就....而言)

Basically speaking(基本上來說) Seeing / Now that S + V(既然...)

Comparatively speaking(比較而言) Providing that S + V(假如)

Theoretically speaking(理論上而言) Supposing that S + V(假如)

Regarding / Concerning....(關於) S + V...., including N (包括)

【例】1. Judging from his accent, he should be a southerner.

(由他的口音判斷,他應該是南部人。)

2. Generally speaking, Mr. Chen is a kind-hearted person.

(一般而言,陳老師是善心的人。)

3. According to a recent study, the global warming is more serious than scientists’ prediction.

(根據最近的一份研究,全球暖化現象比科學家們的預測還要嚴重。)

5. 複合形容詞

分詞常和副詞、名詞、或形容詞形成複合形容詞。

形 成 方 式 例 子

副詞 + 分詞 well-behaved(行為規矩的),highly-trained(訓練有素的)

well-organized(井然有序的),well-prepared(準備充分的)

perfectly-planned(計畫完美的)

名詞 + 分詞 peace-loving(愛好和平的),heart-broken(心碎的)

English-speaking(以英語為母語的),home-made(自家製作的)

形容詞 + 分詞 easy-going(隨和的),open-minded(心胸寬大的)

good-looking(好看的),kind-hearted(心地善良的)

【例】1. Janet is never a hot-tempered girl.(珍妮特絕不是脾氣火爆的女孩。)

2. Uncle Bill is easy-going. (比爾叔叔成很隨和。)

【練習題】

1. World Expo __________ by China opened on May 1, 2010.

(A) host (B) hosted (C) hosting (D) hosts

(由中國大陸主辦之世界博覽會在 2010 年 5 月 1 日開幕。)

2. I couldn’t get any sleep last night because there was a _________ baby in the next room.

(A) crying (B) cried (C) cry (D) to cry

(我昨晚無法入睡,因為隔壁房有個哭鬧不休的小嬰兒。)

3. The police tried to comfort the __________ refugees.

(A) frighten (B) frightening (C) frightened (D) being frightened

(警方試著安撫驚恐的難民。)

4. Chris walked down the street __________ a merry tune.

(A) whistle (B) whistled (C) whistling (D) to whistle

(克里斯在街上邊走邊吹口哨。)

5. I stood __________, not knowing what to say.

(A) amaze (B) amazed (C) amazing (D) amazement

(我驚訝地站著,不知道該說什麼。)

6. When I returned home, I found my house broken into and some valuables __________

(A) to steal (B) stealing (C) losing (D) missing

(當我回家時,我發現我家被侵入。某些值錢的東西也不翼而飛。

7. __________ in the big city for years, I would like to spend my vacation in the countryside.

(A) Live (B) Living (C) Lived (D) To be lived

(因為住在大都市很多年了,我想去鄉下度假。)

8. My mother looked at my father with a smile, __________ what she was going to fix for him.

(A) thought (B) had thought (C) thinking (D) to think 【95 統一學測】

(媽媽微笑著看著父親,心裡打算要為父親主些好菜。)

9. The police found a __________ car last night by the river.

(A) stealing (B) steal (C) which steals (D) stolen

(警方在河邊找到昨晚被偷的車輛。)

10. People __________ in cities long for bigger living space.

(A) living (B) live (C) will live (D) to live

(住在城市裡的人們渴望大一點的居住空間。)

11. __________, we will go biking.

(A) The weather is pleasant (B) Being a pleasant day (C) It being a pleasant day (D) Because a pleasant day

(因為天氣好,我們將會去騎腳踏車。)

12. ___________, we decided to play basketball together.

(A) Feel boring (B) Feeling bored (C) Felt bored (D) To feel boring

(我們覺得很無聊,就決定去打籃球。)

13. __________ very poor, Ben lives a happy life.

(A) Being (B) To be (C) Been (D) Having been

(班雖然很窮,卻過著快樂的生活。)

14. He began his career as a zoologist, __________ mollusks and their adaptations to their environment. 【94 指考】

(A) study (B) studied (C) studying (D) being studied

(他以動物學家的身分開始他的職業,研究軟體動物及它們對環境的適應狀況。)

15. The purpose of the rally was to ask fans to respect the copyright and to stop buying ___________ CDs.

(A) pirating (B) pirated (C) piracy (D) being pirated

(遊行的目的是,請求歌迷們尊重版權,且勿購買盜版 CD。)

16. At the moment EU tobacoo manufactures only have to put written health warnings on cigarette packets __________ the dangers of smoking. 【94 統一學測】

(A) highlight (B) highlights (C) highlighting (D) highlighted

(目前歐洲香菸廠商只得在菸盒上印出強調抽菸危險的警語。)

17. Thus, __________ on what a good listener does, he may become either popular or dislike in his lifetime. 【88 推薦】

(A) depend (B) depends (C) depended (D) depending

(因此,好的聽者可能不是變成受歡迎就是被討厭,端視其行為而定。)

18. Laughter, too, has a beneficial effect on our immune system, __________ the production of white blood cells and increasing our resistance to infection. 【87 推薦】

(A) encourges (B) encouraged (C) encouraging (D) to encourage

(笑對我們的免疫系統有有益的影響,它會促進白血球細胞的生產及增加對病毒感染的抵抗力。)

19. After a spa treatment at Happy Puppy, dogs come home __________ pampered and relaxed. 【96 統一學測】

(A) will feel (B) to feel (C) have felt (D) feeling

(在經過快樂小狗店的 spa 水療後,狗狗回家後感到受嬌寵且輕鬆自在。)

20. He may dream at night of being alone in the playground, __________ a lion. 【89 推甄】

(A) face (B) faced (C) facing (D) to face

(他可能晚上夢到獨自在運動場上,面對一隻獅子。)

【解答】

題號 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

答案 B A C C B D D C D A C B A C B C D C D C

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在文檔中 三級文法 (頁 98-102)