以甲醇濃度 12, 16.78 𝑝𝑝𝑚之標準品為例,在實際進樣 5.00 𝜇𝐿時 計算在室溫環境下其密度為 0.792 𝑔
⁄𝑚𝐿 、莫耳質量為 32.04 𝑔
⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙 之後,可以將體積轉換算成莫耳數 2.073 × 10;9 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒,再將實際量 測得到之標準品訊號對時間作圖(圖五-42),並且調整數學模型中的
圖五-41 以反應模型[𝐴]𝑘1→ [𝐵]→ [𝐶]繪製的濃度對時間關係示意圖。 𝑘2
圖五-42 動態量測標準品隨時間的訊號變化以及數學模型擬合。
[𝐴]0、𝑘1 以及𝑘2等參數,將模型調整至符合實驗結果之形狀,同時 考慮取樣管(Sample loop)以及腔體的體積時,即可將模型中[𝐴]0的 數值以下列關係式對應到實際進樣的標準品莫耳數:
{
𝑁𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝 = 𝑎 × 𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑙[𝐴]0+ 𝑏 [𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒]𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 𝑁𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
𝑉𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 =𝑁𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝
𝑉𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝
式五-8
其中𝑁𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝以及𝑁𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟分別表示在取樣管中與在腔體中的分子
數量、𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑙[𝐴]0為數學模型中表示訊號的參數、𝑎與𝑏為𝑁𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝與 𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑙[𝐴]0作線性回歸時的斜率及截距、𝑉𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝以及𝑉𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟為取樣管 及腔體體積、[𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒]𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟則是標準品在腔體中的濃度。
作為可行性驗證,與直接進樣的方式相比較如圖五-43,數值差異 不大且均呈高度線性以及高精準度。其中𝐷𝑦𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤為本篇檢量 方法,𝐷𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡為傳統單一進樣 GC 系統的直接注射檢量線。
圖五-43 直接注射與動態量測之檢量線比較圖。
本研究基於二氧化碳還原的立場,採用的是便宜、無毒、對環境 無汙染且在地球中資源豐富的錫與硫,控制並調整材料比例至能夠以 光催化的方式將二氧化碳還原成有經濟價值的產物,並且在僅有一個 太陽光的照度底下將二氧化碳還原。
本篇利用微波加熱的方式可以在反應僅一小時的時候成功合成 二硫化錫粒子,利用改變不同溶劑的方式得到效率最高的二硫化錫,
發現由水作為溶劑所合成出的二硫化錫相比於乙醇以及乙二醇作為 溶劑的時候有著最高的量子效率,但是也發現在利用乙二醇作為溶劑 時微波合成可以得到最佳結晶性的二硫化錫。
以水溶液為基礎,利用添加界面活性劑(SDS)的方式能夠有效 的增加材料的結晶性以及光催化的效率,而本篇研究發現在合成時間 為 60 分鐘,同時加入與錫前驅物莫耳數比為 1 %的 SDS 時,有最高 的量子效率 0.028 %(市售二硫化錫的 25 倍)。
為了能夠減少進樣至量測系統方式不同所造成的誤差,與傳統的 直接注射標準品至氣相層析儀的方式相比,利用連續進樣式的檢量線 量測技術能夠有效將實際量測到的數值轉換成產物的總量,同時利用 連續式的進樣量測系統能夠記錄材料光催化效率隨時間變化的趨勢,
而不會有與進樣方式不同造成的誤差,因此能夠準確的計算在連續式 系統中產物與量子效率的關係。
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