電場對於蛋白質結晶系統的影響為晚近才開始的新議題，本實驗觀察得到一些有趣的現 象，並獲得階段性的成果。但實驗之中仍有些疑點並未獲得完全的瞭解，仍可進一步思考，
討論。在此僅將幾點仍未獲得適當解釋的現象以及未來可發展的實驗方向作如下建議：
1. 本文中關於晶體成長的討論均建立於 HEWL 結構為一般條件最常出現的 tetragonal 形式
上。未來應實際以x-ray 繞射量測實際結構，以確定假設的正確性。
2. 關於晶體的成長速度是考慮晶體品質以及反應決定步驟(control step)的重要參數，未來應 更進一步以干涉式顯微鏡量測晶體成長速度。
3. 本文之實驗皆在常溫、直流電壓下進行，未來可考慮改變電壓參數，例如以脈衝式的電 壓進行實驗。
4. 本實驗使用之蛋白質為HEWL，未來應廣為嘗試其他種類之生物巨分子，觀察是否有類 似的現象。
5. 本實驗結果中曾提及 HEWL 的[-110]方向有延電場方向排列的趨勢，但其原理仍屬未知。
除應推敲其原理外，此現象可應用於製作各種需要方向性的生醫材料上，例如骨骼，肌 肉等等，此方面的應用值得重視。
參考資料
1 Darby N. J. “Protein structure” Oxford University Press ; Oxford , 1993
2 Alexander A. Chernov “Protein and their growth” J. of Structure Biology 142 (2003) p3-21
3 Charles E. BUGG “The Future of Protein Crystal Growth” J. of crystal growth 76(1986) p535-544
4 Peter G. Vekilov and J. Iwan D. Alexander “Dynamics of Layer Growth in Protein Crystallization” Chem. Rev. 100(2000) p2061-2089
5 A. Mcpherson “Crystallization of Biological Macromolecules” 1999 ,Cold Spring Harbor , N.Y
6 P. Jolles ed. “Lysozyme : Model Enzyme in Biochemistry and Biology” 1996 , Birkauser Verlag Basel , Switzerland
7 Black, C. C. F. etc. “On the conformation of the hen egg-white lysozyme molecule” Proc. R. Soc.
London, Ser. B 167 (1967) p365-377
8 Alexander Mcpherson “Macromolecular crystal as revealed by atomic force microscopy” J. of Structural Biology 142 (2003) p32-46
9 Dennis E. Koppel “Analysis of Macromolecular Polydispersity in Intensity Correlation Spectroscopy : The Method of Cumulants” J. of Chemical Physics 57 (1972) p4814-4820
10 Francois Thibault “Optimizing protein crystallization by aggregate size distribution analysis using dynamic light scattering” J. of crystal growth 122 (1992) p50-59
11 Light scattering
12 Galkin, O.,Vekilov, P.G. “Direct determination of the nucleation rate of protein crystals ” J. Phys.
Chem. 103 (1999) p10965-10971
13 D.A. Porter K.E. Easterling, “Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys” second edition, 1992, Chapman & Hall
14 Pieter Rein ten Wolde and Daan Frankel “Enhancement of protein nucleation by critical density fluctuations” Science 277 (1997) p1975-1978
15 James D. Gunton “Nucleation of ordered solid phase of proteins via unstable and metastable high-density sates：phenomenological approach” 2004 MRS spring meeting symposium Q
17 S.D Durbin “Crystal growth studies of lysozyme as a model for protein crystallization” J. of crystal growth 76(1986) p583-591
18 R.C. DeMATTEI and R.S. FEIGELSON “growth rate study of canavalin single crystal” J. of crystal growth 97(1989) p333-336
19 R.C. DeMATTEI and R.S. FEIGELSON “Thermal methods for crystallization biologival macromolecules” J. of crystal growth 128(1993) p1225-1231
20 S.D Durbin “Simulation of lysozyme crystal growth by the monte carlo method” J. of crystal growth 110(1991) p41-51
21 S.D Durbin “Studies of crystal growth mechanisms of proteins by electron microscopy” J. Mol.
Biol 212 (1990) p.673-774
22 S.D Durbin “Lysozyme crystal growth studied by atomic force microscopy” J. of crystal growth 122 (1992) p71-79
23 S.D Durbin “In situ studies of protein crystal growth by atomic force microscopy” J. Phys. D : Appl. Phys. 26(1993) B128-132
24 Yu .G. Kuznetsov and A.J. Malkin “In situ atomic force microscopy studies of protein and virus crystal growth mechanisms” J. of crystal growth 168 (1996) p63-73
25 Toshitaka Nakada “Direct AFM observations of impurity effects on a lysozyme crystal” J. of crystal growth 196 (1999) p503-510
26 Peter G. Vekilov “Nonlinear response of layer growth dynamic in the mixed kinetic-bulk-transport regime” PHYSICAL REVIEW E (54), 1996, p 6650-6660
27 P.G. Vekilov, F. Rosenberger “Dependence of lysozyme growth kinetics on step sources and impurities” J. of crystal growth 158(1996) p540-551
28 P.G. Vekilov, F. Rosenberger “Nonlinear dynamics of layer growth and consequences for protein crystal perfection” J. of crystal growth 196(1999) p261-275
29 Peter G. Vekilov and J. Iwan D. Alexander “Dynamic of layer growth in protein crystallization”
Chemical Rev. (100)2000 p2061-2089
30 AFM
31 William A. Tiller “Thermodynamic and kinetic considerations for cystal growth of complex molecules from solution” J. of crystal growth 76(1986) p607-617
32 Felix B Sheinerman “Elctrostatic aspects of protein-protein interactions”
33 M. Taleb, “Crystallization of protein under an external electric field” J. of crystal growth
34 M. Taleb, “Equilibrium kinetics of lysozyme crystallization under an external electric field” J. of crystal growth 232(2001) p250
35 Pascal Retailleau , “No salting-in of Lysozyme Chloride observed at low ionic strength over a large range of pH ” Biophysics Journal 73(1997) p2156-2163