第五章 結論與建議
第二節 建議
一、對超媒體實務設計的建議
在超媒體學習中,自我調整學習的能力是影響網路學習效果的關鍵因素,但 由於學生可能缺乏自我調整的能力,因此在超媒體環境利用不同測驗型的輔助答 題機制,探討如何幫助學習者自我調整是可行的方法,尋找適合融入超媒體環境
就本研究的發現,在超媒體學習環境的設計中,建議加入更有效引發學習動
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附錄一 閱讀教材
天氣的變化
課前引導摘要
天氣的變化與我們的生活息息相關,出外旅遊前大家最關切的就是氣象報 導,你知道如何查詢天氣情況?氣象報導中的專業術語是什麼意思?本單元將帶 領你了解多變的氣象,學會蒐集資訊並分析比較生活中的天氣變化的規律與變 異。
學習指標
知道水的型態因為溫度而改變,而這樣的改變也是形成霜、露、雲、雨、雪 的原因。
知道生活環璄中的大氣、大地與水、及它們間的交互作用。
認識天氣圖及其表現的天氣現象。
主題一 水的三態變化
自然界中的水循環
溫度升高或太陽照射,分佈在河流、海洋的水會受熱蒸發成為水蒸氣散佈在 空氣之中;部分的水蒸氣在高空中遇到冷空氣凝結成小水滴或冰晶;許多的小水 滴或冰晶聚集,便形成天空中多采多姿的雲。
水滴之所以會飄落下來,是因為天空中的小水滴聚集太多變成大水滴,這也 就是從天空掉落下來的雨。
主題二 氣象圖 及 常用符號
氣團因為形成地區的不同,所具有的特性也不同。例如冬天在蒙古及西伯利 亞易形成高壓氣團,稱為蒙古高壓,氣候比較寒冷、乾燥;而夏天在太平洋則易 形成低壓氣團,稱為太平洋副熱帶低壓,氣候比較溫暖、潮濕。這兩個氣團的差 異,如下圖:
1.冬天―冷氣團 蒙古、西伯利亞 蒙古高壓 寒冷、乾燥
2.夏天―暖氣團 太平洋 太平洋副熱帶低壓 溫暖、潮濕
主題三 臺灣的季節變化 與 颱風
臺灣的季節變化
臺灣的氣候變化,主要是受到來自亞洲大陸北方的西伯利亞極地冷氣團和太 平洋的熱帶海洋性暖氣團的影響。
冬季時,西伯利亞極地冷氣團勢力較強,所以有較為乾燥、寒冷的感覺。氣 溫常會有急速降低的情形,當天溫差可能相差 10℃左右,這種情形稱為寒流或 寒潮。
夏季時,太平洋的熱帶海洋性暖氣團勢力較強,所以會有較潮濕、炎熱的感 覺。海面上會產生熱帶性低氣壓,讓空氣會不斷的集中,常造成颱風的形成。臺 灣幾乎是夏季颱風的必經路,所以臺灣特別需要防範的天災,不是冬天的寒流,
而是夏末秋初的颱風。
此外,5〜6 月春末夏初則有梅雨季,這是因為太平洋暖氣團逐漸增強,而 西伯利亞冷氣團逐漸減弱,暖、冷氣團兩者力量相近且相互推擠,造成滯留鋒
,讓水氣大量產生,因此常會陰雨綿綿,氣候也跟著變潮濕。
颱風形成的條件
颱風的結構
颱風的中心稱為颱風眼,溫度較 高、晴朗無風。
颱風眼周圍稱為雲牆或眼牆,非 常的厚實,是颱風威力最大的地方,所 帶來的災害就是紮紮實實的風災了。
預防措施
1、如住所地勢低窪,有淹水之虞,應及早遷至較高處所或樓上。
2、關閉非必要的門窗,加釘木板。
3、檢查電路、注意爐火,以防火災,準備燈燭、電筒,以防停電。
4、貯存飲水,以防斷電停水。多備一、二日食物菜蔬。
5、預防土石流災害、崩塌災害。
附錄二 各主題測驗內容
1.( )天空中的水蒸氣,當氣溫突然降至 0 ℃以下時,會變成什麼降落至地面 ? ○1雪 ○2雲 ○3霧 ○4露。
2.( )低空中的水蒸氣碰到攝氏0℃以下的低溫直接變成固體,附著在地面或 樹枝上,就形成了 ○1雨 ○2露 ○3霜 ○4霧。
3.( )為什麼大清早的樹葉上常有一顆顆小露珠?
○1昨晚一定下過雨 ○2有人倒水在樹葉上 ○3清早的氣溫低,使空氣中的水蒸氣變成水 ○4清早的氣溫高,使空氣中的水蒸氣變成水。
4.( )下列哪一項是以液態形式存在的水? ○1雪 ○2雨 ○3霜 ○4冰。
5.( )水蒸氣必須經過哪一個過程才會變成雲?
○1遇冷蒸發 ○2受熱凝結 ○3遇冷凝結 ○4以上皆非
1.( )在地面天氣圖上會用什麼來表示好幾個地方的氣壓相同?
附錄三 成就測驗內容(總結性評量)
○3赤道暖氣團 ○4大陸北方西伯利亞極地冷氣團。
12.( )臺灣地區梅雨季節常發生在那幾個月份?
○11〜2月 ○23〜4月 ○35〜6月 ○48〜9月。
13.( )臺灣每年平均會遭受颱風侵襲 3~4 次,通常發生在什麼時候?
○1夏末秋初 ○2秋末冬初 ○3冬末春初 ○4春末夏初。
14.( )有關颱風來時的防颱準備,下列敘述哪一項錯誤?
○1避免到海邊活動 ○2準備好烤肉用品到海邊烤肉
○3準備手電筒和乾糧等物品 ○4隨時注意颱風動態報導。
15.( )下列哪一項是颱風可能帶來的好處?
○1在山區造成土石流 ○2沖毀道路和橋梁,阻斷交通 ○3增加水庫的蓄水量,提供民生用水 ○4低窪地區積水。