第五章 結論與建議
第二節 建議
根據研究結論與結果，分別就未來的研究方向以及促進高齡者 身體活動及降低螢幕觀看時間之方向，提出以下之建議：
一、未來研究之建議 (一)研究設計方面
本研究為橫斷研究設計，無法說明各個變項之間的因果關 係，建議未來研究可以以縱貫性的研究設計了解區域犯罪對於 身體活動量及螢幕觀看時間之影響。
(二)研究工具方面
本研究對於高齡者身體活動量及螢幕觀看時間之資料蒐集 皆採自陳式問卷，需回憶過去七天的生活，因此可能有回憶偏 差的現象發生，且本研究對象為高齡者更容易發生回憶偏差的 情況。因此建議未來研究可以增加客觀的測量方式如每日紀錄 當天的狀態，或者使用加速規等器材連續追蹤數日可以避免回 憶偏差的限制。
另外，本研究的區域犯罪事件所採用的數據為警政署提供 之犯罪資料，並不能代表當地居民實際的主觀感受，因此建議 未來研究可以增加當地居民的主觀感受進行探討。
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二、促進高齡者身體活動之建議 (一)政府政策方面
本研究之結果顯示區域犯罪率與高齡者身體活動有負相關。
建議未來政府政策制定時，除了新增高齡者增加身體活動可能 的空間及設施之外，降低當地的區域犯罪率也是值得政策制定 者考慮的條件之一。
(二)未來研究方面
犯罪種類與高齡者身體活動的關聯性不盡相同。就本研究 的結果顯示，「毒品事件」、「汽車竊盜事件」、「機車竊盜 事件」共三種犯罪類型與高齡者身體活動有負向相關性，因此 建議未來可以針對這三種犯罪種類進行更深入的探討。
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附錄
附錄一、國立臺灣師範大學研究倫理委員會審查核可證明
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S3.性別？（請訪員自行判斷）
□ (5) 男性
□ (6) 女性
接下來的第二部份，請回想過去七天中，您做過的走路、高強度及 中強度的活動情形。
這部份是關於過去七天中，您花在身體活動的時間，包括工作、做 家事、整理庭院/陽台、交通、及您在娛樂、運動等活動中所花的時 間。
2-1. 在過去七天中，您花在走路上的時間有多久？包括工作、居家、和外出修 通時的走路，以及您純粹為了娛樂、運動及休閒而花在走路（不含上下樓梯、
爬山）上的時間，而且一次持續10分鐘以上？
_______天
□ 沒有以走路持續10分鐘以上 請跳答2-3.
2-2.您通常一天花在走路上的時間有多久？
一天______小時_______分鐘
2-3. 請只考慮那些您一次至少持續做10分鐘以上的活動。在過去七天中，您有 多少天有做高強度的身體活動？例如跑步、上山爬坡、持續性的快速游泳(不含 慢游、玩水、泡水)、上樓梯、有氧舞蹈／運動、快速地騎腳踏車、打球(如網球 單打、籃球、足球)、跳繩、重量訓練、搬運重物(大於17台斤／10公斤)、或者 是鏟土。
_______天
□ 沒有做高強度的身體活動 請跳答2-5.
2-4.您通常一天花多時間做高強度的身體活動？
一天______小時_______分鐘
第二部分：身體活動量（6題）
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2-5. 請再次只考慮那些您持續10分鐘以上的活動。過去七天內，您有多少天有 做中強度的活動？例如：下山健走、用一般速度游泳、下樓梯、跳舞(不含有氧 舞蹈、慢舞、國際標準舞或元極舞)、太極（不含外丹功）、用一般速度騎腳踏 車、攜帶有點重的東西走路(例如買菜、背、抱小孩。有點重是指7.5-15台斤／4.5-9 公斤：例如二包A4的紙、二瓶家庭號鮮奶、一個小玉西瓜、三個帶皮鳳梨、五 公斤的米、三個紅磚頭、七瓶玻璃罐的台灣啤酒或米酒、一箱24瓶易開罐飲料)、
整理庭院／陽台、費力的家務(清洗窗戶、用手擦地、鋪床、手洗衣服、手工洗 車)、或是網球雙打、羽毛球、桌球、排球、棒球？請不要將提輕物的走路算進 去。
_______天
□ 沒有做中強度的身體活動 請跳答3-1.
2-6.您通常一天花多少時間，做中強度的身體活動？
一天______小時_______分鐘
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3.接下來要請問您過去一星期內從事坐著或躺著活動的時間，若同時
間從事兩種活動，請選擇其中一項為主要活動，舉例來說，如果您 一面看電視一面看報紙，請不要將兩個活動都計算進去，請計算其 中一種就好。行為類別 過去 7 天，有幾天？ 在那幾天，平均一天有多久？
3-1.看電視/影帶 DVD _______天 _______小時_______分鐘
3-2.使用電腦/上網（含平板、滑手 機與玩遊戲）
_______天 _______小時_______分鐘
3-3.閱讀書報雜誌 _______天 _______小時_______分鐘
3-4.親友坐著聊天或講電話 _______天 _______小時_______分鐘
3-5.開車/乘坐各種交通工具 _______天 _______小時_______分鐘
3-6.用餐（含三餐、吃點心、喝茶/
飲料）
_______天 _______小時_______分鐘
3-7.興趣嗜好（如：聽音樂/廣播、
做手工藝、打牌下棋等）
_______天 _______小時_______分鐘
3-8.小睡片刻（如：坐著打盹、睡午 覺）
_______天 _______小時_______分鐘
3-9.坐著工作或擔任志工 _______天 _______小時_______分鐘
3-10.其他活動（如：上教堂、寺廟 等）
_______天 _______小時_______分鐘
第三部分：高齡者靜態（久坐）行為調查（10題）
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4-1 請問您的身高？ _________公分 4-2 請問您的體重？ _________公斤 4-3 婚姻狀況？
□
(1) 已婚□
(2) 未婚（包含離婚、喪 偶）4-4 職業？
□ (1) 有全職工作
□ (2) 無全職工作 4-5 教育程度？
□ (1)國小(含)以下
□ (2)國（初）中
□ (3)高中職
□ (4)大學（專）
□ (5)研究所(含)以上 4-6 請問您居住狀況？
□ (1)(1)獨居
□ (2)(2)與家人/他人住
4-7 請問您是否有吸菸的習慣？
□ (1)(1)有
□ (2)(2)無
4-8 請問您是否有喝酒的習慣？
□ (1(1)有 □ (((2)無
第四部分：基本資料與個人病史（17題）
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**********訪問結束，謝謝您的協助！*************
4-9 請問您是否有均衡攝取六大類食物的習慣？（包含全穀根莖類、
蔬菜類、水果類、低脂乳品類、豆魚肉蛋類、油脂與堅果種子類）
□ (1(1)有 □ (((2)無
4-10目前您認為你整體的健康狀況為?
□ ((1) 好 □ ((2) 普通 □ ((3) 不好
請問，是否有醫生告訴您，有下列的疾病或正在服用藥物？
4-11. 高血壓 □(1)有 □(2)無 □(3)不知道（不主動提示）
4-12. 糖尿病 □(1)有 □(2)無 □(3)不知道（不主動提示）
4-13. 心臟病 □(1)有 □(2)無 □(3)不知道（不主動提示）