第五章 結論與建議
第三節 建議與未來研究方向
一、 研究方法之建議
(一) 研究工具
本研究使用的拋體運動概念評量，雖在研究前期已作過效化與修改，但是 在正式施測時可以觀察到還是有學生不清楚題意，事後評量時也發現有些題目未 盡完善。故須不斷改進，確認每個題目的情境與條件清晰無誤導、題目間所測向 度沒有重複。另外本研究之概念涉及動態與複雜關係的概念理解，因為時間限制 大部分概念未能以開放式的問題形式回答，可能因此錯失了許多資訊，故建議測 量相關概念時應多以開放題型作答，並盡可能透過電腦、呈現相仿的圖片、或使 用動畫模擬等方式以求更接近真實的學習狀況。
(二) 模擬動畫與 App
在教學過程中研究者發現學生在使用模擬動畫或 App 進行模擬實驗時，會 有看不清軌跡上打點的情形，因此建議在類似的模擬動畫加入放大縮小功能，以 便更清楚數出拋體的位移。另外在觸控組中，若需在動畫中改變重力加速度則學 生必須一隻手掌握平板電腦另一隻手操控向量，不免會有操作困難或是拿不穩的 情況發生，建議若有類似操作，其操作區域可以設計成拿著平板電腦時可以直接 由空出的拇指操控以求學習更加便利。
二、 教學之建議
(一) POE 教學法使用
POE 的教學法在此單元配合模擬實驗雖然合適，但是因為電腦組的教學場 域必須在電腦教室，因此在討論及分享上都會有移動的困難。故建議可以事先在 分組時視情況改變座位或調整每組人數以利討論。另外在解釋（Explain）階段 教師必須視時提示學生，且在達成教學效果後作適當總結並進入下一循環，此步 驟仰賴教師的教學經驗與技巧，建議事先想好預設的總結語與假想學生可能的回
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答。
(二) 平板電腦使用
平板電腦在實際教學最大的困難莫過於發放與維護管理，發放與回收均會 耗費一定的時間因此必須先制定固定流程並請學生協助，平板電腦的維護管理則 因為沒有如同電腦一樣的還原卡，建議可以先將 App 放置於數個記憶卡，直接 使用記憶卡安裝 App 比起雲端下載較為迅速有效率。最後在教學時常發生平板 電腦沒電的情形，因此在教學前建議先設置好延長線及充電器維持教學步驟的流 暢不會因沒電而中斷。
三、 未來研究之建議
(一) 研究之實施時間
受限於參與者學校之時程，本研究的教學活動相對短促。然而要讓學生建 立完整的概念架構，應提供充裕的時間與適當的教材，故建議將教學時間作適當 的延長。
(二) 研究之概念內容
本研究之拋體運動概念屬於簡化真實情境、需要將抽象現象視覺化的學習 內容，若要將研究設計推廣至其他概念則也應具備這些特性，且將概念的特性對 應至平板電腦或電腦的特性上。
(三) 延宕測驗
整體而言學習者對於概念的理解有顯著進步，但是此學習成效是否為短暫 記憶、單純硬記、抑或是納入本身認知結構則需要進一步施予延宕測驗以追蹤確 認。
(四) 科技使用
本研究研究之平板電腦特性主要涉及觸控螢幕及內建感測器，若要進一步 研究平板電腦所帶來的便利與潛力，則建議在研究中需納入多點觸控及統整性系 統等其他特性，搭配不同的教學情境以深入探求平板電腦對於概念學習成效的影
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響。
(五) 視覺動作統整能力
視覺動作統整能力在本研究雖然並未與科技使用交互作用，但若未來研究 加入更多功能，需要更多視覺與動作的刺激，則可能有不同結果。故建議未來研 究配合不同的科技使用特性，選擇是否繼續探討視覺動作統整能力的影響。
(六) 空間能力
空間能力在本研究中顯示之效果視對象而分別支持能力作為補償、能力作 為增強兩種假說，顯示不同的學習情境下，空間能力可能也會有不同的作用機制。
建議未來研究能夠更進一步確認於何種條件下會產生特定的影響效果，進而提供 教學者考慮學習者特性後選擇最佳的教學方法。
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