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第五章 結論與建議

第二節 建議與限制

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衝擊,維持放款的成長。

第二節 建議與限制

一、政策建議

由本文結果可知,沒有顯著證據支持貨幣政策放款管道的存在,銀行透過其 資產負債調整維持放款的成長。且大小型銀行由於資產結構上的差異,面對經濟 衝擊的調整也有些許的不同,大型銀行藉由銀行淨值的調整,而小型銀行則是藉 由同業融通或舉債融通的方式。根據以上結果,本文提出以下建議:

1. 中央銀行實施貨幣政策時,應考量銀行資產負債調整策略與相關法規限制 有鑒於大、小型銀行會藉由不同資產負債調整策略,部分抵銷貨幣政策效果,

政策當局應在施行貨幣政策之時,考量當時銀行資產負債部位所處的投資限 制、流動性限制等情況。除了使中央銀行的貨幣政策效果更加可預料,並達 成穩定經濟的目標,還可適時監理銀行避免因過度融資而造成流動性危機。

2. 提升銀行風險控管效率

信用風險及利率風險皆是造成銀行虧損的主要來源,且銀行加入金融控股體 系之後,由於金融業務複雜度增加,面對利率變動所付出的調整成本也增加,

因此銀行應密切注意放款信用品質的變化,並且利用量化分析方法,準確預 測利率變動造成的虧損程度,提升風險控管效率水準,以此降低調整成本對 銀行經營造成的負面影響。

3. 提高金融控股體系下銀行的財務資訊透明度

銀行跨業經營使銀行業務及財務變得較複雜,也使金融監理單位管理的難度 增加,因此政府應要求金融控股體系下的銀行增加財務的透明度,讓投資者 能夠準確評估投資風險,而金融監理單位也能順利發揮監督的功能。

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二、研究限制

本論文的限制在於樣本不足。因為過去銀行家數較多,但金融改革之後,銀 行家數逐漸減少,因此,許多銀行財務報表資料並不齊全;再加上銀行淨值的資 料自 1999 年第 4 季之後才較完整,導致本論文只能針對本國 24 家銀行 1999 年第4 季之後的時間作分析。此外,在本文的銀行樣本中,並非每一家銀行都加 入金融控股體系,而大、小型銀行加入金融控股體系的家數又不同,因此,估計 結果與實際情況可能出現落差。

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The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, mimeo.

二、中文部分

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附錄

固定效果模型估計的實證結果如以下各表。

全體樣本銀行放款管道之實證結果

模型一 被解釋變數:d log 𝐿(放款變動率) 解釋變數 係數估計值 標準差 Intercept -0.008270 0.007240

dlogD 0.616092*** 0.027500 di 0.016426*** 0.004270 dlogY 0.194854*** 0.013700 dlogINVS -0.016290*** 0.002680 dlogTD 0.007710*** 0.001870 SD1 0.030143*** 0.003690 SD2 0.018924*** 0.003740 SD3 0.013347*** 0.003640

N Adj-R2

1152 0.9914

註:*、**和***分別代表 10%、5%和 1%的統計顯著水準。

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全體樣本銀行放款管道及資本管道之實證結果 模型二 被解釋變數:d log 𝐿(放款變動率) 解釋變數 係數估計值 標準差 Intercept -0.008380 0.007240

dlogD 0.606289*** 0.028100 di 0.016188*** 0.004290 dlogY 0.193418*** 0.013800 dlogINVS -0.016380*** 0.002690 dlogTD 0.007375*** 0.001870 dlogV 0.014144* 0.008530 dc1_i -0.000060* 0.000033 SD1 0.029695*** 0.003740 SD2 0.019535*** 0.003780 SD3 0.013547*** 0.003670

N Adj-R2

1152 0.9915

註:*、**和***分別代表 10%、5%和 1%的統計顯著水準。

Intercept -0.005420 0.007670

dlogD 0.603680*** 0.028300 di 0.017993*** 0.004360 dlogY 0.195708*** 0.015100 dlogINVS -0.014850*** 0.003230 dlogTD 0.004624* 0.002440 dlogV 0.020064* 0.011900 dc1_i -0.000007 0.000042 h -0.005690 0.004580 h_INVS -0.003630 0.005690 h_TD 0.006129 0.003800 h_V -0.008260 0.015900 h_c1 -0.000140** 0.000071 SD1 0.030553*** 0.003760

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大小型銀行放款管道及資本管道之實證結果 模型二 被解釋變數:d log 𝐿(放款變動率)

大型銀行 小型銀行

解釋變數 係數估計值 標準差 係數估計值 標準差 Intercept 0.003307 0.006170 -0.023660*** 0.008600

dlogD 0.589183*** 0.040300 0.607527*** 0.039900 di 0.018011*** 0.004990 0.014999** 0.007260 dlogY 0.160502*** 0.019500 0.239846*** 0.084300 dlogINVS -0.018140*** 0.003350 -0.016910*** 0.004140 dlogTD 0.002120 0.003550 0.007620*** 0.002380 dlogV 0.105153*** 0.020800 0.004857 0.010500 dc1_i -0.000100** 0.000044 -0.000040 0.000051 SD1 0.007867* 0.004340 0.043551*** 0.010400 SD2 0.008368* 0.004260 0.030151*** 0.007080 SD3 -0.001440 0.004190 0.028451*** 0.006400

N Adj-R2

528 0.9971

624 0.7072

註:*、**和***分別代表 10%、5%和 1%的統計顯著水準。

Intercept 0.002673 0.006620 -0.001300 0.012700

dlogD 0.592489*** 0.041300 0.599404*** 0.040800 di 0.018922*** 0.005130 0.018293** 0.007260 dlogY 0.150290*** 0.020900 0.248796*** 0.083600 dlogINVS -0.021420*** 0.004450 -0.012430*** 0.004630 dlogTD 0.001807 0.006800 0.004457 0.002890 dlogV 0.087387*** 0.027400 0.011781 0.014900 dc1_i -0.000080 0.000070 -0.000008 0.000057 h 0.000293 0.004200 -0.027080** 0.011500 h_INVS 0.007580 0.006680 -0.017280* 0.009550 h_TD 0.000675 0.008030 0.008698* 0.005020 h_V 0.030454 0.033400 -0.013330 0.020400 h_c1 -0.000040 0.000088 -0.000140 0.000147 SD1 0.008339* 0.004480 0.044273*** 0.010300 SD2 0.008931** 0.004340 0.030437*** 0.007030 SD3 -0.001630 0.004220 0.028759*** 0.006360

N

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