5. 論⽂結論及後續議題 (Conclusion and Further Issues)
5.2 後續探討問題 (Further Issues)
本文研究閩南語調群，發現年輕世代的語者會產生語言變異。而調群的
研究並非僅有閩南語，於其它漢語方言，甚至漢藏語系之外的語言皆有調群的 相關研究；故本文的發現，亦可鼓勵學者對其他語言中的調群重啟研究。
另外，本文發現閩南語中的兩結構，其調群劃分值得重新調查，即 e 結 構及仔尾詞 –a。本文調查時發現，閩南語中的 e 結構 (所有格結構)，於 e 左端 原本具調群邊界 (例：日本# e 汽車 #)，因此 e 前的音節讀本調；但年輕語者於 此結構可不出現調群邊界，(例：日本 e 汽車 # 、伊種 e 水果 # 絕對讚 # 啦)，而 導致 e 前的音節讀為變調。同樣地，於閩南語的仔尾詞 –a 左端，原本無調群 邊界 (例：貓仔#)，但部分年輕語者卻於此處出現調群邊界 (例：貓 # 仔 #、學 生 # 仔 #)。此兩結構亦值得進一步探究。
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附錄：語料庫調群邊界總計
註：語者所念句數不同，乃因過程適時捨棄語者不熟稔之語句。
註：此處的 V 含單音節及雙音節。
附錄 1-1: V-NP 結構
語者 年齡
V-NP 結構 總句數
V # NP # (兩調群)
V NP#
(單一調群) 1 20 167 (100%) 51 (31%) 116 (69%) 2 20 152 (100%) 49 (32%) 103 (68%) 3 21 171 (100%) 71 (42%) 100 (58%) 4 22 168 (100%) 69 (41%) 99 (59%) 5 23 141 (100%) 21 (15%) 120 (85%) 6 24 133 (100%) 34 (26%) 99 (74%) 7 25 148 (100%) 35 (24%) 113 (76%) 8 25 167 (100%) 57 (34%) 110 (66%) 9 26 167 (100%) 45 (27%) 122 (73%) 10 27 175 (100%) 68 (39%) 107 (61%) 11 27 159 (100%) 31 (19%) 128 (81%) 總計 1748 (100%) 531 (30%) 1217 (70%)
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附錄 1-1-1: V-NP 結構—單音節 V
語者 年齡
V-NP 結構 總句數
V # NP # (兩調群)
V NP#
(單一調群) 1 20 105 (100%) 11 (10%) 94 (90%) 2 20 94 (100%) 9 (10%) 85 (90%) 3 21 106 (100%) 20 (19%) 86 (81%) 4 22 99 (100%) 14 (14%) 85 (86%) 5 23 84 (100%) 1 (1%) 83 (99%) 6 24 83 (100%) 4 (5%) 79 (95%) 7 25 87 (100%) 4 (5%) 83 (95%) 8 25 96 (100%) 10 (10%) 86 (90%) 9 26 100 (100%) 12 (12%) 88 (88%) 10 27 102 (100%) 13 (13%) 89 (87%) 11 27 94 (100%) 4 (4%) 90 (96%) 總計 1050 (100%) 102 (10%) 948 (90%)
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立 政 治 大 學
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附錄 1-1-2: V-NP 結構—雙音節 V
語者 年齡
V-NP 結構 總句數
V # NP # (兩調群)
V NP#
(單一調群) 1 20 62 (100%) 40 (65%) 22 (35%) 2 20 58 (100%) 40 (69%) 18 (31%) 3 21 65 (100%) 51 (78%) 14 (22%) 4 22 69 (100%) 55 (80%) 14 (20%) 5 23 57 (100%) 20 (35%) 37 (65%) 6 24 50 (100%) 30 (60%) 20 (40%) 7 25 61 (100%) 31 (51%) 30 (49%) 8 25 71 (100%) 47 (66%) 24 (34%) 9 26 67 (100%) 33 (49%) 34 (51%) 10 27 73 (100%) 55 (75%) 18 (25%) 11 27 65 (100%) 27 (42%) 38 (58%) 總計 698 (100%) 429 (61%) 269 (39%)
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註：此處的 V 含單音節及雙音節。
附錄 1-2: V-QP 結構
語者 年齡
V-QP 結構 總句數
V # QP # (兩調群)
V QP#
(單一調群) 1 20 25 (100%) 5 (20%) 20 (80%) 2 20 26 (100%) 10 (38%) 16 (62%) 3 21 33 (100%) 18 (55%) 15 (45%) 4 22 23 (100%) 6 (26%) 17 (74%) 5 23 24 (100%) 0 (0%) 24 (100%) 6 24 25 (100%) 4 (16%) 21 (84%) 7 25 25 (100%) 3 (12%) 22 (88%) 8 25 33 (100%) 2 (6%) 31 (94%) 9 26 63 (100%) 12 (19%) 51 (81%) 10 27 75 (100%) 21 (28%) 54 (72%) 11 27 64 (100%) 10 (16%) 54 (84%) 總計 416 (100%) 91 (22%) 325 (78%)
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附錄 1-2-1: V-QP 結構—單音節 V
語者 年齡
V-QP 結構 總句數
V # QP # (兩調群)
V QP#
(單一調群) 1 20 25 (100%) 5 (20%) 20 (80%) 2 20 26 (100%) 10 (38%) 16 (62%) 3 21 33 (100%) 18 (55%) 15 (45%) 4 22 23 (100%) 6 (26%) 17 (74%) 5 23 24 (100%) 0 (0%) 24 (100%) 6 24 25 (100%) 4 (16%) 21 (84%) 7 25 25 (100%) 3 (12%) 22 (88%) 8 25 33 (100%) 2 (6%) 31 (94%) 9 26 52 (100%) 7 (13%) 45 (87%) 10 27 60 (100%) 13 (22%) 47 (78%) 11 27 52 (100%) 1 (2%) 51 (98%) 總計 378 (100%) 69 (18%) 309 (82%)
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附錄 1-2-2: V-QP 結構—雙音節 V
語者 年齡
V-QP 結構 總句數
V # QP # (兩調群)
V QP#
(單一調群)
1 20 0 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
2 20 0 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
3 21 0 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
4 22 0 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
5 23 0 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
6 24 0 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
7 25 0 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
8 25 0 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
9 26 11 (100%) 5 (45%) 6 (55%) 10 27 15 (100%) 8 (53%) 7 (47%) 11 27 12 (100%) 9 (75%) 3 (25%) 總計 38 (100%) 22 (58%) 16 (42%)
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立 政 治 大 學
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註：此處的 QP 含雙音節及三音節。
附錄 1-3: QP-A 結構
語者 年齡
QP-A 結構總 句數
QP # A # (兩調群)
QP A#
(單一調群) 1 20 28 (100%) 18 (64%) 10 (36%) 2 20 32 (100%) 14 (44%) 18 (56%) 3 21 27 (100%) 24 (89%) 3 (11%) 4 22 26 (100%) 20 (77%) 6 (23%) 5 23 25 (100%) 8 (32%) 17 (68%) 6 24 29 (100%) 17 (59%) 12 (41%) 7 25 30 (100%) 15 (50%) 15 (50%) 8 25 38 (100%) 20 (53%) 18 (47%) 9 26 36 (100%) 17 (47%) 19 (53%) 10 27 42 (100%) 30 (71%) 12 (29%) 11 27 30 (100%) 11 (37%) 19 (63%) 總計 343 (100%) 194 (57%) 149 (43%)
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立 政 治 大 學
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附錄 1-3-1: QP-A 結構—雙音節 QP
語者 年齡
QP-A 結構 總句數
QP # A # (兩調群)
QP A#
(單一調群)
1 20 0 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
2 20 0 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
3 21 0 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
4 22 0 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
5 23 0 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
6 24 0 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
7 25 0 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
8 25 0 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
9 26 9 (100%) 1 (11%) 8 (89%)
10 27 17 (100%) 10 (59%) 7 (41%) 11 27 11 (100%) 0 (0%) 11 (100%)
總計 37 (100%) 11 (30%) 26 (70%)
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立 政 治 大 學
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附錄 1-3-2: QP-A 結構—三音節 QP
語者 年齡
QP-A 結構 總句數
QP # A # (兩調群)
QP A#
(單一調群) 1 20 28 (100%) 18 (64%) 10 (36%) 2 20 32 (100%) 14 (44%) 18 (56%) 3 21 27 (100%) 24 (89%) 3 (11%) 4 22 26 (100%) 20 (77%) 6 (23%) 5 23 25 (100%) 8 (32%) 17 (68%) 6 24 29 (100%) 17 (59%) 12 (41%) 7 25 30 (100%) 15 (50%) 15 (50%) 8 25 38 (100%) 20 (53%) 18 (47%) 9 26 27 (100%) 16 (59%) 11 (41%) 10 27 25 (100%) 20 (80%) 5 (20%) 11 27 19 (100%) 11 (58%) 8 (42%) 總計 306 (100%) 183 (60%) 123 (40%)
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立 政 治 大 學
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註：此處的 AdvP 含單音節及雙音節。
附錄 1-4: AdvP-V 結構
語者 年齡
AdvP-V 結構總句數
AdvP # V # (兩調群)
AdvP V#
(單一調群) 1 20 160 (100%) 29 (18%) 131 (82%) 2 20 185 (100%) 46 (25%) 139 (75%) 3 21 174 (100%) 52 (30%) 122 (70%) 4 22 174 (100%) 46 (26%) 128 (74%) 5 23 154 (100%) 28 (18%) 126 (82%) 6 24 146 (100%) 41 (28%) 105 (72%) 7 25 158 (100%) 36 (23%) 122 (77%) 8 25 183 (100%) 53 (29%) 130 (71%) 9 26 148 (100%) 35 (24%) 113 (76%) 10 27 150 (100%) 56 (37%) 94 (63%) 11 27 131 (100%) 29 (22%) 102 (78%)
總計 1763 (100%) 451 (26%) 1312 (74%)
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附錄 1-4-1: AdvP-V 結構—單音節 AdvP
語者 年齡
AdvP-V 結構總句數
AdvP # V # (兩調群)
AdvP V#
(單一調群) 1 20 66 (100%) 0 (0%) 66 (100%) 2 20 76 (100%) 0 (0%) 76 (100%) 3 21 65 (100%) 0 (0%) 65 (100%) 4 22 74 (100%) 1 (1%) 73 (99%) 5 23 62 (100%) 0 (0%) 62 (100%) 6 24 61 (100%) 0 (0%) 61 (100%) 7 25 59 (100%) 0 (0%) 59 (100%) 8 25 66 (100%) 0 (0%) 66 (100%) 9 26 58 (100%) 0 (0%) 58 (100%) 10 27 58 (100%) 0 (0%) 58 (100%) 11 27 47 (100%) 0 (0%) 47 (100%) 總計 692 (100%) 1 (0.1%) 691 (99.9%)
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立 政 治 大 學
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附錄 1-4-2: AdvP-V 結構—雙音節 AdvP
語者 年齡
AdvP-V 結構總句數
AdvP # V # (兩調群)
AdvP V#
(單一調群) 1 20 94 (100%) 29 (31%) 65 (69%) 2 20 109 (100%) 46 (42%) 63 (58%) 3 21 109 (100%) 52 (48%) 57 (52%) 4 22 100 (100%) 45 (45%) 55 (55%) 5 23 92 (100%) 28 (30%) 64 (70%) 6 24 85 (100%) 41 (48%) 44 (52%) 7 25 99 (100%) 36 (36%) 63 (64%) 8 25 117 (100%) 53 (45%) 64 (55%) 9 26 90 (100%) 35 (39%) 55 (61%) 10 27 92 (100%) 56 (61%) 36 (39%) 11 27 84 (100%) 29 (35%) 55 (65%) 總計 1071 (100%) 450 (42%) 621 (58%)