Barker, J. K. & F. M. Lutzoni. 2002. The utility of the incongruence length difference test. Systematic Biology 51: 625-637.
Bawa, K. S. & J. E. Crisp. 1980. Wink-pollination in the understorey of a rain forest in Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology 68: 871-876.
Blume, C. L. 1856. Museum Botanicum Lugdduno-Batavum, 2 (4): 45-57.
Chen, C. J. and A. K. Monro. 2003. Urticaceae: Pilea. In Z. Y. Wu et al. (eds.), Flora of China 5: 92-120. Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden
Press, St. Louis.
Conn, B. J. & J. T. Hadiah. 2009. Nomenclature of tribes within the Urticaceae. Kew Bulletin 64: 349-352.
Darlu, P., & Lecointre. 2002. When does the incongruence length difference test fail?
Molecular Biology and Evolution 19: 432-437.
Dolphin, K., R. Belshaw, C. D. L. Orme, and D. L. J. Quicke. 2000. Noise and incongruence: interpreting results of the incongruence length difference test.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 17: 401-406.
Erdtman, G. 1952. Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy: Angiosperms. Almqvist
& Wiksell, Stockholm.
Friis, I. 1989. The Urticaceae: a systematic review. Evolution, systematic, and fossil history of the Hamamelidae, vol. 2, Systematics Association Special Volume 40B, 285-308. Oxford Science Publications, Oxford, UK.
Hance, H. F. 1885. Spicilegia Florae Sinensis Journal of Botany, British and Foreign.
London. 23 (275) 327-328.
Handel-Mazzetti, H. 1929. Symbolae Sinicae 7: 110-142.
Hayata, B. 1908. Urticaceae. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan. 25 (19): 195-199.
Hayata, B. 1911. Urticaceae. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan. 30 (1): 272-283.
Hayata, B. 1916. Icones Plantarum Formosanarum 6: 43-61.
Henry, A. 1896. A List of Plants from Formosa with Some Preliminary Remarks on the Geography, Nature of the Flora and Economic Botany of the Island. Trans.
Asiat. Soc. Japan 24 Suppl.: 89.
Huang, T. C. 1972. Urticaceae. Pollen Flora of Taiwan. 241. Botanical Department Press National Taiwan University. Taipei.
Lindley, J. 1821. Collectanea botanica, vol. 4 A. and R. Arch, London, UK.
Liu, T. S., and W. D. Huang. 1976. Urticaceae. In H. L. Li et al. (eds.), Flora of Taiwan, 2: 162-229. Epoch Publ. Co., Taipei.
Masamune, G. 1936. Short Flora of Formosa. (An enumeration of higher cryptogamic and phanerogamic plants hitherto known from the island of Formosa and its adjacent islands), pp. 49-51. Kudoa, Taihoku (Taipei).
Maximovicz, C. J. I. 1876. Achudemia japonica. Mélanges biologicques tirés du bulletin physico-mathématique de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg, 9: 627-629.
Mickevich, M. F. & J. S. Farris. 1981. The implications of congruence in Menidia.
Systematic Zoology 30: 351-370.
Monro, A. K. 2006. The Revision of Species-Rich Genera: A Phylogenetic Framework for the Strategic Revision of Pilea (Urticaceae) Based on cpDNA, nrDNA, and Morphology. American Journal Botany, 93 (3): 426-441.
Shih, B. L. and Y. P. Yang. 1998. New names and record of Urticaceae in Taiwan.
Taiwania, 43 (2): 150-154.
Shih, B. L., Y. P. Yang, and H. Y. Liu. 1995. A revision on Pilea, Lecanthus, and Procris (Urticaceae) of Taiwan. Taiwania, 40 (3): 256-290.
Takhtajan, A. 1986. Floristic regions of the world. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA.
Tateishi, Y. 2006. Pilea. In K. Iwatsuki et al. (eds.), Flora of Japan, 2: 82-88. Tokyo, Japan.
Van Royen, P. 1982. Pilea. The apine flora of New Guinea, 3 : 2089-2136. Cramer, Vaduz, Liechtenstein.
Weddell, H. A. 1854. Revue de la famille de Urticacées. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, Ser. 4 1: 173 – 212.
Weddell, H. A. 1856. Monographie de la famille des Urticées. Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris. 9: (1) – 400.
Weddell, H. A. 1857. Monographie de la famille des Urticées. Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris. 9: 401 – 592.
Weddell, H. A. 1869. Urticaceae. In: A. de Candolle (ed.), Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis., 6 (1), pp. 32 – 35. Masson, Paris.
Wright, C. H. 1899. Urticaceae. Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 26 (178):
475-480.
Yamamoto, Y. 1925. Supplements Iconum Plantarum Formosanarum, 1: 2-29.
Yamamoto, Y. 1931. Journal of the Society of Tropical Agriculture, 3: 241.
Yamamoto, Y. 1932. Supplements Iconum Plantarum Formosanarum, 5: 17-18.
Yang, Y. P., B. L. Shih, and H. Y. Liu. 1996. Urticaceae. In T. C. Huang et al. (eds.), Flora of Taiwan, 2nd ed. 2: 234-253. Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
附錄
附錄一、本研究使用之 GenBank 分子序列之證據標本資訊及序號。
分類群名稱 證據標本 trnL-F ITS
Elatostema repens Villacorta & Aranivea 98 DQ179373
Procris frutescens AY208728
Pr. insularis AY208729
Lecanthus peduncularis Chiang & Hu 172 DQ179370
M. Mikage et al. 9552105 DQ175619
Pilea anisophylla Ludlow 7081 DQ179343
P. alpina Tuerckheim 3426 DQ175543
P. aphrophila E.P. Killip 34825 DQ175589
P. basicordata H.N. Qing 76 DQ17936 DQ175614
P. bassleriana Y. Mexia 6360 DQ175592
P. baurii EU554359
P. benguetensis Merrill 9696 DQ179337
P. cadierei RBGE 19697470 DQ179359 DQ175608
P. carnulosa Killip & Varela 34659 DQ175593
P. costata A.K. Monro 4015 DQ175595
P. craspedodroma DQ179336
P. depressa AF501613
P. dolichocarpa C.P. Chien 768 DQ175609
P. elegantissima Sino-American Ghuizhou Expedition 1575 DQ179348
P. forgetii J.P. Folsom 3498A DQ175585
P. fruticosa J. Clemens & M.S. Clemens 27865 DQ179353 DQ175604
P. glaberrima P.C. Gardner 220 DQ179352 DQ175600
P. glabra O. Servin 1415 DQ179354 DQ175584
P. gomeziana EU554358
P. grandifolia EU554360
P. hyalina A.K. Monro et al. 3284 DQ175586
P. involucrata EU554357
P. japonica H.C. Robinson & C.B. Kloss 58 DQ175618
P. jayaensis DQ179334
附錄一(續)、本研究使用之 GenBank 分子序列之證據標本資訊及序號。
分類群名稱 證據標本 trnL-F ITS
P. johniana Edwards 4240 DQ179340
P. johnsii DQ179335
P. lapestris Johns 9979 DQ179341 DQ175598
P. latifolia R.L. Dressler 5884 DQ175594
P. lippioides E.P. Killip & A.C. Smith 15559 DQ175616
P. longicaulis Baise Expedition 01909 DQ179363 DQ175611
P. longifolia Hildebrandt 4044 DQ175553
P. melastomoides Beaman 12229 DQ179345 DQ175596
P. microphylla SCMR 9412020 GQ396670
P. myriantha A.K. Monro 4032 DQ175591
P. notata Chow 76038 DQ175615
P. nummulariifolia EU554361
P. peltata Tsang 21849 DQ179338
P. peperomiifolia W.G. D'Arcy 295 DQ179281
P. peperomioides A.K. Monro 4182 DQ179350 DQ175605
P. plataniflora J.L. Gressitt 509 DQ179349 DQ175599
P. pseudonotata C.J. Chen 95398 DQ179360 DQ175613
P. racemosa Ho et al. 2686 DQ179347 DQ175602
P. receptacularis Shennong Jia Expedition 32530 DQ179362 DQ175612
P. rivularis Bruce 935 DQ179358 DQ175606
P. rotundinucula Wang 130 DQ179356
P. rubriflora C.J. Chen 4944 DQ175610
P. rufa G.L. Webster & K.A. Wilson 5147 DQ175578
P. rugosa L.R. Holdridge 1246 DQ175587
P. setigera Howard 8502 DQ175542
P. sinofasciata Nie 92239 DQ179351
P. stipulosa NSW:Hadiah 237 FJ432266
P. ternifolia L.H.S. Williams 390 DQ179346 DQ175597
P. tetraphylla Taylor 2828 DQ179355
附錄二、本研究新增之分子序列樣本之證據標本資訊。
Pilea angulata Yang, C. J. 140 Taichung Co. (台中縣), Heping (和帄鄉), Wushikeng (烏石坑) 低海拔詴驗站
Yang, C. J. 215, 254 Nantou Co. (南投縣), Ren'ai (仁愛鄉), Meifong (梅 峰), 中橫支線, 台 14 甲
Yang, C. J. 294, 549 Taipei Co. (台北縣), Wulai (烏來鄉), Neidong logging trail (內洞林道)
Yang, C. J. 343 Taitung Co. (台東縣), Luye (鹿野鄉), 197 county ancient trail (錐麓古道)
P. japonica Yang, C. J. 541 Kaohsiung Co. (高雄縣), Taoyuan (桃源鄉),
附錄二(續)、本研究新增之分子序列樣本之證據標本資訊。
分類群名稱 證據標本 採集地
P. melastomoides Yang, C. J. 142 Taichung Co. (台中縣), Heping (和帄鄉), Wushikeng (烏石坑) 低海拔詴驗站
P. rotundinucula Yang, C. J. 141, 143 Taichung Co. (台中縣), Heping (和帄鄉), Wushikeng (烏石坑) 低海拔詴驗站
附錄二(續)、本研究新增之分子序列樣本之證據標本資訊。
分類群名稱 證據標本 採集地
P. somae Yang, C. J. 328, 558 Taipei Co. (台北縣), Wulai (烏來鄉), Hapen mountain crossing trail (哈盆越嶺道)
Yang, C. J. 390 Taitung Co. (台東縣), Yanping (延帄鄉), Mt. Dulan (都蘭山)
Yang, C. J. 447 Taitung Co. (台東縣), Lanyu (蘭嶼鄉), beside Datianchih(大天池旁)
Yang, C. J. 490 Pingtung Co. (屏東縣), Manzhou (滿洲鄉), Mt. Laofo (老佛山)
Yang, C. J. 736 Hualien Co. (花蓮縣), Sioulin (秀林鄉), Jhueilu ancient trail (錐麓古道)
附錄三、葉綠體基因 trnL-F 片段所建立的親緣關係樹之相同分類群部份(圖十三 中黑色實心三角形部分)。A:P. angulata;B:P. pumila;C:P. melastomoides;
D:P. aquarum ssp. brevcornuta、P. rotundinucula & P. somae。
A
B
C
D
附錄四、核基因 ITS 片段所建立的親緣關係樹之同分類群部份(圖十四中黑色實 心三角形部分)。A:P. angulata;B:P. melastomoides;C:P. aquarum ssp.
brevcornuta、P. rotundinucula & P. somae。
A
B
C
附錄五、合併葉綠體基因 trnL-F 片段和核基因 ITS 片段所建立的親緣關係樹之 同分類群部份(圖十五中黑色實心三角形部分)。A:P. angulata;B:P.
melastomoides;C:P. aquarum ssp. brevcornuta、P. rotundinucula & P.
somae。
A
B
C
彩色照片:
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
彩色照片:
1-4:Pilea angulata;5-8:P. aquarum ssp. brevicornuta。
攝影者:呂碧鳳
彩色照片:
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
彩色照片:
彩色照片:
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
17-19:Pilea melastomoides;20-21:P. microphylla;22-23:P. peploides;24:
P. plataniflora。攝影者:呂碧鳳
彩色照片:
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
彩色照片:
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
33-37:Pilea somae;38-40:P. swinglei。
攝影者:呂碧鳳