作物抗蟲相關的轉殖技術研究頗多，除上述幾種較為顯著的抗蟲 成分外，研究人員仍不斷努力篩選，尋求其他可能的化學抗蟲物質。
迄今商業化大面積栽植仍侷限於蘇力菌毒蛋白的轉殖作物。由於受作 物類別與栽種面積的限制、或有不利於人畜健康的疑慮、或是田間防 蟲效果未達足堪應用階段等因素限制，其他蘇力菌毒蛋白以外的轉殖 作物，目前尚未有商業化栽植的品種生產，但是這些藉由轉殖技術而 表現不同抗蟲機制的作物，在研究人員孳孳努力下，技術與成果日新 月異，未來的發展仍深具潛力。除化學抗蟲物質，根據傳統育種的理 念，篩選具物理抗蟲機制的植物基因，發展基因轉植技術，改造作物
使其增加葉面葉毛密度讓害蟲無法棲息於植物上，或者增加葉毛的高 度，致害蟲的口器無法刺吸危害植物，甚至對一些具傳播病毒的媒介 昆蟲如粉蝨或薊馬，可以達到阻斷其傳播植物病毒的途徑，未嘗不是 開發抗蟲基因轉殖植物的另一方向。
基因轉殖作物固然帶給人類農業耕作上的便利，但也可能對生態 環境產生負面影響，例如抗殺草劑作物的種植，若導致某種類型殺草 劑過量使用，可能減少某些野生植物的種類，如這種改變使某些昆蟲 棲所與食物減少，將使這些昆蟲族群面臨生存壓力或是面臨滅絕的威 脅。基於對於「改性活生物體」(Living modified organism，包括基因轉 殖生物)可能對地球上生物資源有不利影響，在聯合國生物多樣性公約 組織主導下，全體締約國於2000 年決議通過「卡塔赫納生物安全議定 書」，表明關切現代生物技術的迅速拓展，可能對生物多樣性產生不利 的影響，約定於發展生物技術的同時，對改性活生物體的轉移、處理 與使用，應採取妥善的安全措施，以確保人類健康與生物多樣性之安 全。此議定書的通過，更加強國際間於風險評估時對生物多樣性影響 之重視。我國在2005 年六月公佈的「基因轉殖植物隔離田間試驗管理 辦法」中，亦有關於環境安全評估的規定，對於提出評估申請、評估 的程序與方法等，有原則性之規範。而基因轉殖植物即使通過評估而 釋出種植，其對於環境生態系之長期影響，仍需要做持續的追蹤監控，
一旦發現有不利於環境生態的情形，立即採取管制或禁止之措施，才 可能使基因轉殖植物對環境產生破壞之風險降至最低。希望能在獲取 現代科技所衍生利益的同時，盡量避免對環境生態造成任何負面影 響，基因轉殖作物方可永續之經營。
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