第一，從中共重視統戰策略的時機來看：個人以為無論在革命時 期或是建政之後，大致沒有脫離中共自處弱勢時機，就加強統戰作為 的規律。不過公元 2000 年底的高規格統戰會議有些例外，從中共改革 開放之後的統戰工作會議來看，似乎例行工作的性質比較強，目前還 看不出規律的變化。
第二，從中共統戰工作、統戰理論會議的工作內容來看：以中共 現有公佈的資料、文件、論文來看，似乎中共在統戰策略方面的研究 並沒有真正的進步，也欠缺理論層次的深刻研究，只是慣性地將革命 的「法寶」移植到建設時期、現代化時期來套用。因此我們以為中共 建政之後的統戰，對內或許仍有效果，特別是配合民族主義、愛國主 義的情緒時；但是在臺、港、澳地區，在外交政策上的效果就十分有 限。
第三，臺灣方面對中共統戰策略的運用，恰好和中共自身的錯誤 相同，完全以革命時期的自身失敗經驗來研究統戰，完全沒有注意到 建政之後，中共統戰效果弱化的現象。因此臺灣政府對中共的統戰策 略就很難思考出有效的對策，反而是過分重視擴大統戰的功能，所以 才訂定出「三不政策」、「戒急用忍」政策。時至今日，我們可以發 現上述消極的隔離政策，非但沒有保護到臺灣，反而一方面向我分化 臺灣的內部；另一方面更重要的是失去了對大陸發展的發言權。如今 我們偶然以為中共只有統戰武器可以影響臺灣，而漠視了中共政權特 別是改革開放廿年的成就，其他作為均無可怕之處。然而個人的研究 認為中共的統戰策略已經是沒有什麼可怕，反而是其他的成就會對臺 灣造成具大的壓力。時至今日，如果我們仍然以陳舊的、革命時代的 統戰認知來自我恐懼、自我驚嚇、自我懷疑，則我們就會將中共弱點 視為強項，反而忽視了中共的真正強大之處，從而也就會提出失當的 對策；當然如果我們發現中共在統戰理論提出了新看法、新的基礎，
自然那就另當別論了。
（收件：2001 年 3 月 5 日，修正：2001 年 3 月 30 日，採用：2001 年 4 月 10 日）
Analysis of Chinese Communist National United Front Conference Critiques from
Scholars in Taiwan and Mainland China
Kai-huang Yang
(Professor of the Department of Political Science at Soochow University)
Abstract
United front work was the most powerful strategy during the Chinese communist revolution. According to PRC’s official definition, it means to pick out friends from the enemy side after carefully analyzing the objective. A successful united front helps CCP become stronger and defeat the most prior and important enemy and then the rest. It’s true as we look back at the history of Chinese communist revolution. The unitd front work has also been frequently used since 1949 when the regime was established.
However no policy is without limitation. Different “United Front Work” strategies are needed with regard to different purposes, timing and situations. Have Chinese authority developed different united front strategies to settle new problems? This article tries to examine, through documents of the national united front conference and essays from concerned symposiums, the difference between the strategies during the revolutionary period and those in peace time.
After the communist government adopted the reform and
opening-up policy, it tried to found the united front work as a science. Conferences are held annually to discuss the united front work from practice to theory. But until now, it’s just propaganda, based on the content of official and unofficial publications. Further more most of the conferences or symposiums are no more than official routine work. Scholars in mainland China who study the united front policy can only follow one approach to prove its righteousness, which is to follow the line of Marx-Leninism or to quote remarks from Chinese leadership.
Taiwan is concerned about the united front work. Scholars here should find easily its weakness. However old paradigms, based on the experiences during the 1945-1949 civil war, are still regarded as golden rules by Taiwanese researchers who tend to exaggerate the effect of United front work. But they also use the old paradigm of following the KMT’s failed experiment during the civil war from 1945 to 1949. So the R.O.C government adopted the “Three-Nos” policy and the “Be Patient and Withhold” policy for a long time. Now anybody without prejudice knows that is a lost policy.
China has now transformed from a closed society to a semi-open one. Taiwan needs not be afraid of the united front work.
Contrarily, it needs an engagement policy and its own version of united front work to turn China from an authoritarian regime to a democratic one in order to stabilize the situation in Asia.
Keyword: United front, National united front Conference, Conference of National united front Policy, Symposium of united front, Multi-part cooperation