第五章 研究分析及結果
6.3 研究建議
本研究以未來創投基金如何成功募資的趨勢進行探討。其他與創投基金募資 相關的探討,未來可做為本研究的後續研究方向包括:
一. 政府資源對於創投產業發展的影響:在 2008 年底金融海嘯發生之後,政府 於金融市場機構所辦演的角色大幅提升,因此各國政府紛紛提出各種不同的 經濟救市方案,及如何透過公部門資金(如:台灣的國發基金)投入該國創 投基金,以提振國內新創事業的發展。官方色彩資金比例明顯提高的情形 下,勢必會對於創投募資的生態產生重大的影響。
二. 結合併購(M&A)或公司重整(turnaround)為投資主題:由於十餘年來 除了網路服務及通訊領域有較明顯的發展之外,多數產業缺乏以明顯的殺手 級應用(killer application)產品帶動新創事業的發展;預期這種狀況仍會延 續一段較長的時間,這對於以優質案源為生存命脈的創投產業來說,未來的 競爭只會更加嚴苛。
以往創投基金與大型私募基金的區別,是將投資新創公司視為是創投基 金主要業務,而將併購或公司重整等投資業務視為是大型私募基金(private equity fund)的投資範疇。然而,大型私募基金多偏好於投資有穩定現金流
的成熟公司,而併購或公司重整過程中所切割出來的技術或團隊,卻是較適 合於創投基金的投資範疇。因此,除了扶植新創事業之外,未來包括:原有 公司非核心事業的分割(spin-off),及將大企業不具競爭力的技術獨立而 成立一全新的新創公司,也會是創投基金很好的投資標的之ㄧ。創投基金如 何在這塊領域中,與原有的大型私募基金在功能及扮演角色上有所區隔及相 互搭配,也是未來可能的研究方向。
三. 適合台灣創投基金的中國商機:由於台灣地理位置與中國大陸相當接近,加 上同文同種的優勢,在這樣的環境下,台系創投公司將無可避免的需面對中 國龐大的創投投資市場商機。此外,中國無疑是台灣創投業者可佔有一定先 機的投資市場,尤其在2009 年起兩岸間頻繁的經濟交流活動(如:兩岸搭 橋計劃),以及由兩岸官方制定的經濟合作架構協議(Economic Cooperative Framework Agreement, ECFA)的即將簽署,其實也意味著相關的許多投資 商機將一一出現。在全球資金大量傾注於中國資本市場時,台灣創投基金如 何能於大中華投資市場中扮演重要的角色,以積極的角度面對這個發展的趨 勢,將可在這個龐大的商機中獲取豐厚的投資報酬。
中國雖然年來力圖改革法規以與國際接軌,但整體的政經環境仍不成 熟,包括:受到政策影響的程度過高、金融環境自由化仍不足等問題,長期 而言,將極不利於中國創投產業的發展。此外,當地創投人才管理的難度較 高,以及智權保護的觀念仍不普遍等,都可以是未來的研究方向。
參考文獻
中文部份
1. 王生睿(1995),「創業投資事業與高科技產業及資本市場三者關係之研 究」,輔仁大學管理學研究所碩士論文。
2. 王淑姿(1993),「我國創業投資事業之發展現況與問題探討」,臺灣經濟研究 月刊,頁112-117。
3. 白俊男(1984),「創業投資事業與我國工業的發展」,產業金融雜誌,45 期。
4. 丘家邦、吳文彰(1998),「創業投資發展概況-創業投資理論概述」,中國 國際商銀月刊16 期。
5. 徐敏雄(1988),「創業投資過程之研究」,文化大學企業管理研究所碩士論 文。
6. 陳怡碩(1997),「臺灣創業投資事業之成效評估」,中山大學財務金融學系 碩士論文。
7. 陳家樂(2000),「創投決策與高科技廠商研發行為之研究—以新竹科學園 區上市上櫃公司為例」,國立中央大學產業經濟研究所碩士論文。
8. 「創業投資之定義」(2009),中華民國創業投資商業同業公會。2009 年 12 月14 日,取自網址:http://www.tvca.org.tw/F-1-3.htm
9. 康潤生(1985),「創業投資與科技發展」,幼獅出版社
10. 陸弘亮(2007),「探討執行長面臨企業全球化的問題」,美西玉山科技協會 通訊,209,12。
11. 劉常勇(1997),「如何成為相中千里駒的伯樂─ 創業投資評估決策程序」,
會計研究月刊,134,12-36。
12. 盧愛芳 雷中輝等(2008),「你拿什麼吸引我」,北京大學出版社。
英文部份
13. Amit Chowdhry(2009), “Andreessen Horowitz Fund Officially Launches”, PLUS2. Retrieved December 15, 2009, from http://pulse2.com/2009/07/06
/andreessen-horowitz-fund-officially-launches/
14. “Andreessen and Horowitz Have a ‘Secret Plan”(2009), The New York Times, Retrieved December 15, 2009, from http://dealbook.blogs.nytimes.com/2009 /07/06/andreessen-and-horowitz-have-a-secret-plan/
15. “Andreessen Horowitz fund makes first investment in startup already tied to partners”(2009), Simple Thoughts, Retrieved December 15, 2009, from http://blog.taragana.com/index.php/archive/andreessen-horowitz-fund-makes-fir st-investment-in-startup-already-tied-to-partners/
16. Anthony Ha(2009), “Cleantech due for a comeback? Khosla Ventures raises
$1.1B, hires former Facebook CFO”, Deal & More. Retrieved December 12, 2009, from http://deals.venturebeat.com/2009/08/31/cleantech-due-for-a- comeback-khosla-ventures-raises-11b-hires-former-facebook-cfo/
17. Author Feed(2009), “For Khosla, clean tech is all about scale”, Grist Magazine.
Retrieved December 12, 2009, from http://www.grist.org/article /2009-09-23-for-khosla-clean-tech-is-all-about-scale/
18. B. Black, R.J. Gilson(1997), “Venture Capital and the Structure of Capital Markets: Banks versus Stock Markets”, 47 Journal of Financial Economics, pp.
243-277
19. Bernard S. Blacka, Ronald J. Gilsona(1998), “Venture Capital and the Structure of Capital Markets: Banks Versus Stock Markets”. Journal of Financial
Economics, Vol. 47, Issue 3, pp. 243-277
20. Charlie Rose(2009), “Andreessen and Horowitz Complete Raising Dough for
$300-Million Venture Fund–Let the Seed Investing Begin!”. Retrieved January 20, 2010, from http://www.charlierose.com/search/?text=Andreessen+
21. Coutarelli, S.(1977), “Venture Capital in Europe”, New York: Praeger Special Studies in International Economics and Development.
22. David Hornik(2009), “Welcome Marc Andreessen and Ben Horowitz to the Wonderful World of Venture”, Capital.VentureBlog. Retrieved December 15, 2009, from http://www.ventureblog.com/articles/2009/07/welcome_marc_
andreessen_and_ben_horowitz_to_the_wonderful_wo.php
23. David Lawsky, Anupreeta Das(2009), “Netscape's Andreessen and Horowitz form VC fund”, Retuers. Retrieved December 15, 2009, from
http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5650N620090706
24. “Draper Fisher Jurvetson nears halfway mark with $196m for Fund X”,(2009), Alt Assets. Retrieved December 5, 2009, from http://www.altassets
.com/private-equity-news/article/nz16312.html
25. Emma Ritch(2009), “Borrego secures $30M from Taiwanese investor”, Cleantech Group, Retrieved December 15, 2009, from http://cleantech.com/
news/4787/borrego-secures-30m-taiwanese-inves
26. Emma Ritch(2009), “Has Calera become Khosla's 'favorite child'?”, Cleantech Group. Retrieved December 12, 2009, from http://cleantech.com/
news/5016/has-calera-become-khoslas-favorite
27. Erick Schonfeld(2009), “August Capital Raises A New $650 Million Fund”, TechCrunch. Retrieved December 5, 2009, from http://www.techcrunch.com
/2009/03/19/ august-capital-raises-a-new-650-million-fund/
28. Erick Schonfeld(2009), “Khosla Ventures Raises $1.1 Billion. It’s For More Than Just Clean Tech”, TechCrunch. Retrieved December 12, 2009, from http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/09/01/khosla-ventures-raises-11-billion-its-for
-more-than-just-clean-tech/
29. Erik R. Sirri, Peter Tufano(1998), “Costly Search and Mutual Fund Flows”, Journal of Finance, Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 1589-1622
30. “Global trends in venture capital 2009 global report”(2009), Deloltte. Retrieved December 15, 2009, from http://www.deloitte.com/dtt/cda/doc/content
/us_tmt_2009vcreport_060809.pdf
31. Gompers, Paul A., Joshua Lerner (1998), “What Drives Venture Capital Fundraising?”, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity - Microeconomics, pp.149-192.
32. Gonenc, Rauf (1984). "Venture Capital: Key Ingredient in High-tech Start-up." OECD Nov. 1984: 11-15
33. James M. Poterba(1989), “Capital Gains Tax Policy toward Entrepreneurship”, National Tax Journal, Vol. 42, pp. 375-389
34. Jeng, Leslie A, Wells, Philippe C.(2000), “The Determinants of Venture Capital Funding: Evidence Across Countries”, Journal of Corporate Finance
Vol.,6, 3, pp. 241-289
35. Jennifer Kho(2005), “DFJ’s $150M Cleantech Fund”, Red Herring. Retrieved December 5, 2009, from http://www.redherring.com/Home/14042
36. Judith Chevalier(1997), “Risk Taking by Mutual Funds as a Response to Incentives”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 105, pp. 1167–1200.
37. Justin Moresco(2009), “Khosla’s $250M Seed-stage Fund Closed, CalPERS Invests $60M Posted”, earth2tech, Retrieved December 12, 2009, from
http://earth2tech.com/2009/08/12/khosla%E2%80%99s-250m-seed -stage-fund-closed-calpers-invests-60m/
38. Kelley, A. J., Campanella, F. B., and Mckiernan, J.(1971), “Venture Capital: A Guide Book for New Enterprises, Mass”, The Management Institute, School of
Management, Boston College, 33-34.
39. “Khosla Ventures Expands Ability to Assist Entrepreneurs with Billion Dollars in New Capital”(2009), InvestorIdea.com. Retrieved December 12, 2009, from http://www.investorideas.com/News/090109d.asp
40. “Khosla Ventures Launches Two New Cleantech Funds”(2009), CleanTech brief. Retrieved December 12, 2009, from http://cleantechbrief.com/node/829
41. Kim-Mai Cutler(2009), “Facebook co-founder’s Asana raises $9M from Benchmark, Andreessen-Horowitz”, Venture Beat, Retrieved December 15, 2009, from http://venturebeat.com/2009/11/24/facebook-co-founders-asana- raises-9-million-from-benchmark-andreessen-horowitz/
42. Laura Kreutzer, Keenan Skelly(2009), “Draper Fisher Rounds Up $196M For Scaled-Down Fund”,Venture Capital Dispatch, Retrieved December 5, 2009, from http://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2009/07/20/draper-fisher-rounds-up- 196m-for-scaled-down-fund/
43. Marc Andreessen(2009), “Introducing our new venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz”, Techmeme, Retrieved Dec. 15, 2009, from
http://www.techmeme.com/090706/p4#a090706p4
44. Martin LaMonica(2009), “Khosla Ventures piles up $1 billion for green tech”, cnet news, Retrieved December 12, 2009, from http://news.cnet.com/
8301-11128_3-10323028-54.html
45. Mary Kathleen Flynn(2009), “August Capital: Big deals for big fund”, The Deal.com. Retrieved December 5, 2009, from http://www.thedeal.com/dealscape
/2009/04/ august_capital_big_deals_for_b.php
46. Mary Kathleen Flynn(2009), “August in bloom”, The Deal.com, Retrieved December 5, 2009, from http://www.thedeal.com/newsweekly/dealmakers /august-in-bloom. php
47. Michael Arrington(2009), “Skype Sale To Investor Group Led By Andreessen Horowitz”, TechCrunch, Retrieved Decmber 15, 2009, from
http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/08/31/skype-sale-to-investor-group-led-by-an dreessen-horowitz-confirmed/
48. Milt Capps(2009), “TCRS makes $25MM private-equity commitment”, Venture Nashville Connection, Retrieved December 5, 2009, from http://www.
venturenashville.com/tcrs-makes-25mm-private-equity-commitment-cms-400 49. “2000 NVCA Year Book”(2000), National Venture Capital Association.
50. Poterba, J.M.(1989), “Capital Gains Tax Policy Toward Entrepreneurship”, National Tax Journal 42, 375-389.
51. Pratt, Stanley E.(1982), “How to Raise Venture Capital”, New York: Charles Scribner.
52. Pui-Wing Tam(2009), “Khosla Ventures’s Take on Tech”, The Wall Street Journal, Retrieved December 12, 2009, from http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/
2009/09/02/khosla-venturess-take-on-tech/
53. Rind, K., “The Role of Venture Capital in Corporate Development”, Strategic Management Journal 2 (2), 1981: 168-79.
54. Rubel, S. M.(1972), Guide to venture capital sources (9th ed.). Chicago: Capital Publishing Corporation, 1972-1973.
55. Russell Garland(2007), “Want a Fresh Venture Model? DFJ's Got One”, Venture Capital Dispatch. Retrieved December 5, 2009, from
http://www.dfj.com/news/article_239.shtml
56. Sahlman W., Stevenson, H(1985), “Capital market myopia”,.Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 7-30
57. Sarah Lacy(2009), “Details on Marc Andreessen’s New Fund (Plus Five Other Interesting Things He Said)”, TechCrunch. Retrieved December 15, 2009, from
http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/07/05/details-on-marc-andreessen%E2%80%9 9s-new-fund-plus-five-other-interesting-things-he-said/
58. Siliconindia(2009), “Vinod Khosla founded Khosla Ventures raises $1 Billion”, siliconindia news bureau. Retrieved December 12, 2009, from
http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/Vinod_Khosla_founded_Khosla_Ventur es_raises_1_Billion_-nid-60881-cid-19-sid-.html
59. Sirri Erik, Peter Tufano(1998), “Costly Search and Mutual Fund Flows”, Journal of Finance Vol.53, 5, pp.1589-1622
60. Steve Jurvetson(2000), “What is Viral Marketing?”, cnet news. Retrieved January 15, 2010, from http://news.cnet.com/2010-1071-281328.html
61. “Top 100 Global Venture Capitalists”(2009), Red Herring. Retrieved December 15, 2009, from http://www.herringevents.com/GlobalVC09/
62. Tomio Geron(2009), “Vinod Khosla Closes $250M Seed-Stage Fund”, The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 3, 2010, from http://blogs.wsj.com/
venturecapital/2009/08/12/one-down-vinod-khosla-closes-250m-seed-stage-fun d/
63. “Venture capital fundraising activity contracts in the second quarter of 2009”
(2009), Thomson Reuters & National Venture Capital Association. Retrieved December 1, 2009, from http://www.nvca.org/index.php?option=com_docman
&task=doc_download&gid=468&Itemid=93
64. “Venture capital fundraising activity registers second consecutive quarterly decline in the third quarter of 2009”(2009), Thomson Reuters & National Venture Capital Association. Retrieved December 1, 2009, from
http://Thomsonreuters.com/content/press_room/tf/tf_gen_business/2Q9_vc_fun draising
65. “Venture capital fundraising activity slows considerably in the first quarter of
2009”(2009), Thomson Reuters & National Venture Capital Association.
Retrieved December 1, 2009, from http://www.nvca.org/index.php?
option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=419&Itemid=93
66. “Vinod Khosla, Khosla Ventures”(2008), Stanford's Entrepreneurship Corne., Retrieved December 12, 2009, from http://ecorner.stanford.edu/
authorMaterialInfo.html?author=26
67. Wise & Ray(1990), “Aggressive Japaneses Venture Capital Worries Sillicon Velley”, Electronic Business