第四章 結論與討論
第二節 研究限制
第一部分，有關變數設計的不足。首先，本研究將「職場中斷」視為一次 性發生事件，事實上，進出勞動力市場為多次發生的事件，因此本研究未包含女 性重返、再次退出等情況，對於已婚女性而言重返後再次退出，與其第一次退出 職場所考量的因素應當有所不同，且若能考量多次進出勞動力市場的事件，更可 凸顯已婚女性動態的就業歷程。但為避免將「中斷就業」的概念複雜化，且本研 究目的在於探討影響已婚女性職場中斷的背後機制，因此雖僅考量一次的中斷就 業，已可證明確有中斷就業之事實。再者，本研究引用 Becker(1994/1997)人力資 本的概念認為，夫妻就工作與家庭事務上的安排是基於比較雙方能力與優勢的理 性結果。而薪資應當是最適於比較夫妻間工作優勢的變數，然而本資料庫中未含 薪資相關變數，實屬可惜。因此以職位高低代表工作優勢，但其亦伴隨工作責任 較重、工時調整空間較小等其他影響，雖有不足，仍應納入考量。其次，納入同 住對象之目的在於，探討其是否分擔家務。由於本資料庫中未詳述家庭事務分擔 情況，因此未能凸顯出同住對象對女性中斷就業的影響，未來若能擁有更加詳細 資料，可作進一步處理。
第二部分則是有關分析資料的情況。首先，分析樣本選擇婚前一年曾有過 工作者，平均而言，婚姻持續逾 10 年，對於許多較為年長的受訪者而言，婚姻 初期的工作狀況早已遺忘或是相當模糊，因此填答遺漏。為盡可能留存資料，因 此以個人就業歷程中的平均狀況填補缺答。本研究亦納入配偶狀況，其相關題項 缺答，同樣以配偶就業歷程中的平均值填補。回溯性資料或是逐年追蹤的資料，
都較橫斷面資料更容易出現缺答、受訪者遺失的情況。但為研究已婚女性長期且 動態的就業歷程發展，仍應使用長期資料。再者，基於研究主旨，需要個人與配 偶的長期資料，但因缺少可信的長期資料，本研究使用資料調查年度為 2005 年，
略為久遠，其問卷設計較為忽略新形態非典型的工作類型，例如電傳勞動、利用 網路平台的自營工作者，由於工作類型的轉變將可能影響夫妻面對家庭與工作衝
突的行為決策。未來若有良好且近期的長期追蹤調查資料庫，應更能貼近台灣現 況與預估未來狀況。
第三部分，從過去研究可見，社會文化、家庭價值觀是影響台灣已婚女性 面對家庭與工作衝突時就業歷程的重要因素，由於本研究使用回溯性資料庫，因 此無法收集受訪者態度、價值觀的轉變，期待未來能有多年期長期追蹤資料庫，
以周全本研究缺失與限制。
研究限制主要在於變數設計、以及資料庫的缺漏與不足，雖有前述研究限 制，本研究仍描繪出影響台灣已婚女性職場中斷風險的背後機制。並與家庭生命 週期做交互作用項，凸顯已婚女性隨著子女成長而變動的就業歷程。
附錄
Appendix. A、主要解釋變數迴歸係數表
M1 M2 M3 M4
公部門 -0.956*** -0.900*** -0.969***
資料來源：Social Stratification and Social Mobility(2005)。
*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1
Appendix. B、調節變數迴歸係數表
(0.115) (0.115) (0.115)
最小6-18歲 0.063
(0.357)
最小18歲以上 0.248
(0.431)
丈夫工時過長#家庭生命週期
最小0-3歲 0.376
(0.338)
最小3-6歲 0.454
(0.376)
最小6-18歲 -0.115
(0.359)
最小18歲以上 0.194
(0.456)
常數 -8.563*** -6.182*** -6.254***
(1.220) (1.090) (1.093)
N(人-月資料) 139823 139823 139823
資料來源：Social Stratification and Social Mobility(2005)。
*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1
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