• 沒有找到結果。

研究限制與建議

礙於時間與金錢的限制,在刺激物選用上,並沒有將過去所有的恐怖、驚悚電影 都納入做刺激物篩選與前測,只能就能夠取得的電影做選擇。所選入的電影片段主要 是根據本研究定義的恐怖電影元素,以超自然、威脅、場景的有無,納入符合情境的 電影片段,並沒有做刺激物片段的前測。建議未來相關研究,在選用刺激物前,可以 將大量的電影進行前測分析,嚴格篩選並採用最適的電影片段,可以降低單一電影片 段可能造成的結果偏誤。

在實驗一,參與者每個實驗情境只觀看 1 個約兩分鐘的電影片段,為了防止不同 個體對單一電影片段的偏好造成的情緒差異。本研究在實驗二,增加為每個情境共兩 個試驗,但是由於本研究的實驗皆為組內設計,每個參與者必須觀看每部兩分鐘,共 16 段的電影片段,導致實驗時間過長。未來建議相關研究,可以嘗試組間設計,比較 不同組的參與者觀看超自然、威脅、場景組成的不同電影片段,是否有情緒與享樂感 的差異。

70

二、參與者招募限制

在招募實驗參與者時,由於本實驗為恐怖、驚悚相關的內容,因此自願參與實驗 者較少,且恐懼趨近者的比例較恐懼迴避的參與者高。而本研究在實驗一、實驗二的 研究結果,恐懼趨近/迴避對情緒並無調節作用,可能也需要考慮參與者平衡的問 題。建議未來相關研究,可以將實驗獎勵提高,讓較多平常不敢看恐怖、驚悚電影的 恐懼迴避者也能夠參與實驗。

三、肌電分析的限制

由於本研究的刺激物為兩分鐘的影片,因此無法採用刺激物出現前後三秒的臉部 肌電(皺眉肌、微笑肌)活化程度做情緒共生的計算。此外,也因刺激物時間較長,

臉部肌電在平均值(mean)比較上,時間軸的變化容易被平均掉,無法看出反應過程 的差異性,因此在實驗二的臉部肌電分析,使用最大值(max)進行分析。

四、恐怖電影的文化差異

本研究為了要控制每個情境的片段,必須從電影中篩選出符合情境的電影,在選 用刺激物方面,由於電影產量的考量,因此本研究採「西洋」恐怖電影作為刺激物。

但是,在情緒反應上,仍會有東西方文化的差異性,建議未來研究可以納入「東洋」

的恐怖電影,檢視在情緒反應上是否有差異。

71

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The Messengers 中譯:鬼使神差

00:36:29 – 00:39:16

(02:03) 小孩的玩具車讓

The Others 中譯:神鬼第六感

01:02:33 – 01:04:39

(02:06) 女主角的小孩變 01:30:10

(02:10) 女鬼在懸崖殺人

4 超自然/

場景不符合/

無生命威脅

The Sixth Sense 中譯:靈異第六感

01:31:10 – 01:33:10

(01:59) 小孩跟媽媽在車 01:11:32

(02:00) 主角發現自己家 裡的浴缸有屍體

6 非超自然/

場景符合/

無生命威脅

Disturbia 中譯:恐怖社區

01:07:37 – 01:09:29

(01:52) 三位主角在房間 裡講話

7 非超自然/

場景不符合/

有生命威脅

Silence of the Lambs 中譯:沈默的羔羊

01:15:16 – 01:17:16

(01:50) 人魔殺警察

8 非超自然/

場景不符合/

無生命威脅

Shutter Island 中譯:隔離島

00:04:30 – 00:06:30

(02:00) 兩位主角做車抵 達目的地

76

附錄二:實驗一刺激物截圖

情境 電影名稱 電影片段截圖

1 超自然/

場景符合/

有生命威脅

The Messengers 中譯:鬼使神差

2 超自然/

場景符合/

無生命威脅

The Others 中譯:神鬼第六感

3 超自然/

場景不符合/

有生命威脅

Mama 中譯:母侵

4 超自然/

場景不符合/

無生命威脅

The Sixth Sense 中譯:靈異第六感

77 5 非超自然/

場景符合/

有生命威脅

Hide and Seek 中譯:捉迷藏

6 非超自然/

場景符合/

無生命威脅

Disturbia 中譯:恐怖社區

7 非超自然/

場景不符合/

有生命威脅

Silence of the Lambs 中譯:沈默的羔羊

8 非超自然/

場景不符合/

無生命威脅

Shutter Island 中譯:隔離島

78

Insidious: Chapter 2 中譯:陰兒房 2

00:56:43 – 00:58:45

(02:00) 衣櫃裡有女鬼跑 出來

The Conjuring 中譯:厲陰宅

00:40:52 – 00:43:15

(02:01) 女鬼站在衣櫃上 跳下來攻擊主角

2 超自然/

場景符合/

無生命威脅

Dark Shadows 中譯:黑影家族

00:19:56 – 00:21:25

(01:55) 女主角看到跟自 己長一樣的女鬼 The Rite

中譯:現代驅魔師

01:00:42 – 01:02:39

(01:57) 驅魔師和被附身 的女生講話

3 超自然/

場景不符合/

有生命威脅

Shelter 中譯:藏身處

01:39:37 – 01:41:37

(02:00) 小女孩的靈魂被 吸出並死亡 The OMEM

中譯:天魔

00:48:41 – 00:50:49

(02:08) 魔鬼讓教堂的避 00:12:28

(02:03) 女鬼從游泳池突 然浮出然後消失 An American

Haunting 中譯:美 國怪談

00:46:16 – 00:48:16

(01:59) 女主角與小女孩 00:49:04

(02:03) 主角在房間被殺

The Purge 中譯:國定殺戮日

01:03:37 – 01:05:27

(01:50) 主角在家裡和三 個殺人犯博鬥 6 非超自然/

場景符合/

無生命威脅

Orphan 中譯:孤兒怨

00:09:17 – 00:11:19

(02:02) 媽媽與女兒用手 語對話

Hide and Seek 中譯:捉迷藏

00:01:35 – 00:03:39

(02:04) 媽媽哄小孩入睡

7 非超自然/

場景不符合/

有生命威脅

The Black Dahlia 中譯:黑色大理花

懸案

00:22:34 – 00:24:30

(01:55) 兩個主角在街上 槍戰

Hannibal Rising 中譯:人魔崛起

00:10:12 – 00:12:12

(01:58) 戰爭場景

8 非超自然/ Red Dragon 中譯:紅龍

00:11:12 – 00:13:13

(01:53) 警察和主角在海 邊聊天

79 場景不符合/

無生命威脅

No Country for Old Men 中譯:險路勿

00:27:53 – 00:30:07

(02:05) 兩位主角在尋找 犯罪現場

80

附錄四:實驗二刺激物截圖

Condition 情境 電影名稱 電影片段截圖

1

超自然/場景符合/有 生命威脅

Insidious: Chapter 2 中譯:陰兒房 2

The Conjuring 中譯:厲陰宅

2

超自然/場景符合/無 生命威脅

Dark Shadows 中譯:黑影家族

The Rite 中譯:現代驅魔師

3

超自然/場景不符合/

有生命威脅

Shelter 中譯:藏身處

The OMEM 中譯:天魔

81

An American Haunting 中譯:美國怪談

Orphan 中譯:孤兒怨

The Black Dahlia 中譯:黑色大理花懸

82 Hannibal Rising 中譯:人魔崛起

8

非超自然/場景不符 合/無生命威脅

Red Dragon 中譯:紅龍

No Country for Old Men 中譯:險路勿近

83

附錄五:PANAS 量表形容詞翻譯

英文 中文

enthusiastic 熱情的

interested 感興趣的

determined 堅定的

excited 興奮的

inspired 受鼓舞的

alert 靈活的

active 積極的

strong 激昂的

proud 自豪的

attentive 專注的

scared 驚恐的

afraid 害怕的

upset 沮喪的

distressed 苦惱的

jittery 緊張不安的

nervous 焦慮的

ashamed 羞愧的

guilty 內疚的

irritable 煩躁的

hostile 懷有敵意的

84

附錄六:BAS/BIS 量表

題號 問項

1

A person's family is the most important thing in life.

家庭是一個人生命中最重要的事情。

2

Even if something bad is about to happen to me, I rarely experience fear or nervousness.

即便有對我不好的事情將發生,我也不會感到恐懼或焦慮。

3

I go out of my way to get things I want.

無論多麻煩,只要是我想要的東西,我都會盡其所能的去得到。

4

When I'm doing well at something I love to keep at it.

如果我在一件事情上表現很好,我會樂於繼續去做它。

5

I'm always willing to try something new if I think it will be fun.

只要我覺得某件事情可能會是有趣的,我就會願意去嘗試它。

6

How I dress is important to me.

我很重視我的穿著。

7

When I get something I want, I feel excited and energized.

當我得到自己想要的東西時,我會覺得興奮且充滿活力。

8

Criticism or scolding hurts me quite a bit.

被批評或指責時,我會感到相當的很難過。

9

When I want something I usually go all-out to get it.

當我想要某種東西時,我會盡全力去得到它。

10

I will often do things for no other reason than that they might be fun.

我常常只因為好玩或有趣就去做某些事情。

11

It's hard for me to find the time to do things such as get a haircut.

我很難找到時間去做一些事,例如剪頭髮。

12

If I see a chance to get something I want I move on it right away.

當我知道有機會去得到自己想要的東西時,我會馬上行動。

當我知道有機會去得到自己想要的東西時,我會馬上行動。

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