研究限制與未來研究建議

一、研究限制

在研究過程中，不免受限於不可抗力因素而影響研究的周延性。有關本研究 的研究限制如下：

(一)專利資料與檢索的限制

在電腦散熱產業方面目前主要採取風冷式主動散熱，然而其專利常無法 與其他產業明確區分。例如風扇馬達之專利，可能是有關於本產業之徵型散 熱風扇，亦可能是有關於光碟機或其他工具之小型步進馬達。本次檢索以其 和散熱有關之關鍵字交集查詢，難免會漏失廠商純粹對於馬達或單一結構零 件申請的專利。並且公司對於專利的申請策略不同，資源的多寡也會影響專 利的申請。此外，專利資料庫並無法提供專利現在的法律狀況，例如授權、

是否已停止繳交規費而失去保護、公司易手、將專利由子公司名義申請等 等，這些因素都會對本研究所檢索到的專利樣本造成影響。

(二)研究方法的限制

由產業技術的專利矩陣觀察，各個技術領域存在許多專利活動不多，但 是專利品質很好的廠商。本研究將所有公司以專利品質及專利活動作相同基 礎的評比，無法明確區分這些利基型廠商間的技術差別，並且因無法分析其 專利與產品及市場之關係，造成如建準電機、協禧電機等在微型散熱風扇方 面深耕已久的廠商，無法在專利矩陣中突顯其定位。

(三)時間的限制

首先是專利資料的引證方面，專利時間愈長，受到引證的機會與次數會 愈多，新專利的品質就不易由引證率適當的來評價，這也使得長期投入產業 相關技術的廠商得到較多的注意。時間的限制也顯現在產業趨勢的預測上。

即使目前分析顯示技術已呈現成熟期的狀態，但無法預料是否會有新市場、

新技術的出現而使產業技術生命週期再次恢復成長。

二、未來研究建議

電腦散熱產業技術多元，且範圍定義因應用目標不同而有差異。例如富士康 將奈米科技應用於的散熱風扇軸承的表面及使用之潤滑液，但是相關專利卻難以 歸納為電腦散熱產業。而企業專利策略的執行部分也相當值得探討，為使後續研 究者能更深入探討電腦散熱產業及公司之專利策略的相關研究課題，提出參考建 議如下：

(一)專利管理部門組織與制度相關議題

企業要實施專利策略需有相應的部門組織來執行，如何建構適合企業規 模與產業特性的專利組織與制度、決定其層級與和其他部門間的協調，對企 業的研發效率及成果有相當大的影響。

(二)單一企業之產品及專利的相關議題

針對單一企業其產品專利、市場與競爭對手相比較，並研究其專利對公 司經營績效之影響，以及探討其對專利等資源的運用情況，是否可以利用交 互授權等方法來增加公司的價值。

(三)專利鑑價的方法與專利品質指標相關議題

目前專利品質的認定主要是以相對數量與引證率的指標，但隨著產業變 化以及時間的推移，新增替代性技術的威脅等等因素的影響，會影響到專利 品質與價值的認定。如何以適當的方式評價專利的品質與價值，在相關研究 的領域中有很高的重要性。

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三、網頁部分：

1. 經濟部智慧財產局 http://www.tipo.gov.tw/patent/patent_report/最近十年本國 人與外國人(新申請專利、公告核准)件數統計表.pdf

2. 行政院國家科學委員會-全國科技動態調查(中華民國科學技術統計要覽 2004 年版) http://www.nsc.gov.tw/tech/index.asp

3. 歐洲專利局網站-專利資訊

http://www.european-patent-office.org/patinfopro/index.shtml