本論文試圖從《寓言》一書中捕捉蕭伯納欣賞《指環》的美學感知過 程，並析論其扮演的讀者身份與作者身份。普林斯（Gerald J. Prince, 1942 年 生）曾提出三種讀者264 分類：真正的讀者（actual reader）、想像的讀者
（implied reader），以及理想的讀者（ideal reader）。真正的讀者是實際閱讀 文本的人；想像讀者是作者為之創作，並賦予他一定審美能力的人；理想
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事實上不然。從電影與電視影集舉例，不論是《變人》（Bicentennial Man, 1999）267、《銀翼殺手 2049》（Blade Runner 2049, 2017）268，或是《西方 極樂園》（Westworld, 2016 起），269 這些看似題外話的大眾文化作品，皆是
267 電影改編自艾西莫夫（Issac Asimov, 1920-1992）的原創故事《兩百歲人瑞》
（Bicentennial Man, 1976），以及 1992 年艾西莫夫與席維堡（Robert Silverberg, 1935 年 生）依《兩百歲人瑞》改編的小說《正子人》（The Positronic Man, 1992）。Wikipedia, s.v.
“Bicentennial Man,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicentennial_Man_(film) (accessed. Feb. 8, 2018).
268 《銀翼殺手》（Blade Runner, 1982）之續集，改編自迪克（Philip K. Dick, 1928-1982）
的《仿生人會夢想擁有電子羊嗎？》（Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheeps?, 1968），探討 人性欲望與人類定義。Imdb.com, s.v. “Blade Runner 2049,”
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1856101/?ref_=nv_sr_1 (accessed. Feb. 8, 2018).
269 HBO 自製影集，至本論文完稿時仍未播畢。講述未來世界中某財團所經營的「美 國拓荒期西部世界」風格的遊樂園中所發生的故事。只要負擔得起遊樂園的入場費，便 可以在其中為所欲為，引發觀者對於人性的思考。Imdb.com, s.v. “Westworld,”
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0475784/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 (accessed. Feb. 8, 2018).
103
物？」似乎只要人類存在著，便脫離不了這樣的大哉問。重點在於，只要 在親近任何文類時，能產生讀者意識，認知到自己是怎樣的讀者，並且如 蕭伯納一般，不斷地在這場「閱讀」中產生想法，賦予文本新的枝枒與新 葉，文學意義便不遠矣。
104
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參考書目
壹、原始資料 一、 樂譜
Wagner, Richard. Das Rheingold. New York: Dover, 1985.
——————. Die Walküre. New York: Dover, 1978.
——————. Siegfried. New York: Dover, 1983.
——————. Götterdämmerung. New York: Dover, 1982.
二、 文字資料
Shaw, George Bernard. Music in London 1890-94. 3 vols. London: Constable, 1932.
——————. Shaw’s Music: The Complete Musical Criticism of Bernard Shaw. Dan H. Lawrence, ed. 3 vols. London: The Bodley Head, 1981.
——————. The Perfect Wagnerite: A Commentary on the “Nibelung’s Ring.” New York: Dover Publication, l967.
Wagner, Richard. “Vorwort zur Herausgabe der Dichtung des
Bühnenfestspieles »Der Ring des Nibelungen«.”(1862) In Gesammelte Schriften und Dichtungen, Vol. 6. , 272-281. Leipzig: Siegel, 1907.
——————.《尼貝龍根的指環――完美的華格納寓言》。林筱青，曾文英
譯。羅基敏 策劃。台北：高談文化，2003。
106
——————.《蕭翁談樂：蕭伯納音樂散文評論選》。冷杉 譯。音樂生活
叢書。香港：生活．讀書．新知三聯書店 ，2005。
三、 影音資料
Wagner, Richard. Das Rheingold, Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra Conducted by Sir Georg Solti, by Richard Wagner. Decca. London Records 414 101-2.
1984. Three compact discs box set.
——————. Der Ring des Nibelungen. Cor de la Generalitat Valenciana and Orquestra de la Comunitat Valenciana conducted by Zubin Mehta. Staged by La Fura dels Baus and directed by Carlus Padrissa Filmed at the Palau de les Arts “Reine Sofía” Valencia in June and July, 1991 and 1992. Berlin:
C Major Entertainment, 2009. DVD.
——————. Der Ring des Nibelungen. Chor und Orchester der Bayreuther Festspiele conducted by Daniel Barenboim. Staged and directed by Harry Kupfer. Filmed at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus in June and July, 1991 and 1992. München: Unitel, 1992, 1993. UK: Warner Classics, 2011. DVD.
——————. Der Ring des Nibelungen. Chor und Orchester der Bayreuther Festspiele conducted by Pierre Boulez. Staged and directed by Patrice Chéreau. Filmed at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus in1980. München: Unitel, 1992, 1993. UK: Warner Classics, 2011. DVD.
——————. Der Ring des Nibelungen. Metropolitan Opera Orchestra conducted by James Levine. Staged and directed by Otto Schenk.
Hamburg: Deutsche Grammophon, 2002. DVD.
貳、參考資料
外文
Anonymous. "Bernard Shaw." The Musical Times, Vol. 91, No. 1294 (Dec., 1950): 463-464.
107
Baake, Friedrich. “George Bernard Shaw als Musikkritiker.” Archiv für Musikwissenschaft, 10. Jarg., H. 3 (1953): 233-252.
Barber, George S. “Shaw’s Contribution to Music Criticism.” PMLA, Vol. 72, No. 5 (Dec., 1957): 1005-1017.
Bentley, Eric. Bernard Shaw: A Reconsideration. New York: W. W. Norton &
Company, 1976.
Bleich, David. Reading and Feelings: An Introduction to Subjective Criticism.
Urbana: National Council of Teachers of English, 1975.
Bloom, Harold, ed. George Bernard Shaw. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987.
Bowley, Sir Arthur Lyon. Wages in the United Kingdom in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1900.
Byrne, Sadie, ed. George Bernard Shaw’s Plays. New York: W. W. Norton &
Company, 2002.
Dahlhaus, Carl. Esthetics of Music. Translated by William W. Austin.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Gahan, Peter. “Shaw and Music: Meaning in a Bassett Horn.” Shaw, Vol. 29 (2009): 145-175.
Gates, Eugene. “The Music Criticism and Aesthetics of George Bernard Shaw.”
Journal of Aesthetic Education, Vol. 35, No. 3 (Autumn, 2001): 63-71.
Grene, David, and Richmond Lattimore, eds. Greek Tragedies. Vol. 1.
Translated by David Grene, Richmond Lattimore, and Elizabeth Wyckoff.
Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1960.
Groos, Arthur. ““In the River Rhein”? —Das Rheingold as Musical
Cosmogony.” Paper presented at Richard Wagner: Myth, Poem, Score, Stage International Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, July 2013.【中譯資訊請 見後「外文中譯」項目】
108
Henson, Janice. “Bernard Shaw's Contribution to the Wagner Controversy in England.” The Shaw Review, Vol. 4, No. 1 (January, 1961): 21-26.
Holroyd, Michael. Bernard Shaw: The One-Volume Definitive Edition. London:
Chatto & Windus, 1997.
——————. Bernard Shaw: The New Biography. London: Head of Zeus, 2015.
Holub, Robert C. Reception Theory: A Critical Introduction. UK: Methuen Co.
Ltd., 1984.【中譯資訊請見後「外文中譯」項目】
Huckvale, David. “Music and the Man: Bernard Shaw and the Music Collection at Shaw's Corner.” Shaw, Vol. 10 (1990): 96-112.
Iser, Wolfgang. Prospecting: From Reader Response to Literary Anthropology.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989.
——————. The Act of Reading: A Theory of Aesthetic Response. Baltimore:
Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978.
——————. The Implied Reader: Patterns of Communication in Prose Fiction from Bunyan to Beckett. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974.
——————. The Range of Interpretation. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000.
——————. “The Reading Process: A Phenomenological Approach.” New Literary History, Vol. 3, No. 2, On Interpretation: I (Winter, 1972):
279-299.
Jauss, Hans Robert. Aesthetic Experience and Literary Hermeneutics.
Translated by Michael Shaw. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1982.
——————. Toward an Aesthetic of Reception. Translated by Timothy Bahti.
Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1982.
109
——————. Question and Answer: Forms of Dialogic Understanding.
Translated by Michael Hays. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
1989.
Lawrence, D. H. “Introduction.” In Shaw’s Music: The Complete Musical Criticism of Bernard Shaw, edited by Dan H. Lawrence, 7-25. Vol. 1.
London: The Bodley Head, 1981.
Lee, Josephine. "The Skilled Voluptuary: Shaw as Music Critic." Shaw, Vol. 12 (1992): 147-164.
Macrae, Alasdair D. F., ed. Percy Bysshe Shelley: Selected Poetry and Prose.
London: Routledge, 1991.
Martin, Stoddard, ed. Wagner to “The Wasteland”: A Study of the Relationship of Wagner and English Literature. London: Macmillan Press, 1982.
Nobel Foundation and Swedish Academy, ed. Nobel Prize Library: Nelly Sachs, Jean-Paul Sartre, George Bernard Shaw, Frans Eemil Sillanpää, and René Sully-Prudhomme. New York: Helvetica, 1971.
Panagl, Oswald.“„Gehrt ich nach Wonne, weckt ich nur Weh“ － Zur Sprache in den Musikdramen Richard Wagners: Beobachtungen, Beshreibungen, Befunde.”Paper presented at Richard Wagner: Myth, Poem, Score, Stage International Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, July 2013.
【中譯資訊請見後「外文中譯」項目】
Rayfield, Donald. Anton Chekhov: A Life. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1997.
Selden, Raman. Practicing Theory and Reading Literature: An Introduction.
London: Routledge, 2016.
Selden, Raman, Peter Widdowson, and Peter Brooker, eds. A Reader’s Guide to Contemporary Theory, 5th ed. London: Pearson, 2005.
Scher, Steven Paul. “Literature and Music.” In Interrelatiions of Literature, ed.
Jean-Pierre Barricelli and Joseph Gibaldi, 225-250. NY: MLA, 1982.
110
Schweiger, Hannes. “Shaw’s Contributions to the Culture and Politics of Fin de Siècle Vienna.” Shaw, Vol. 25 (2005): 135-146.
Shaw, George Bernard. Bernard Shaw Theatrics: Selected Correspondence of Bernard Shaw. Dan H. Lawrence, ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995.
——————. Sixteen Self Sketches. London: Constable, 1949.
Weintraub, Stanley. “Introduction to Shaw.” In George Bernard Shaw, edited by Harold Bloom, 27-45. London: Chelsea House, 1987.
——————. The Unexpected Shaw: Biographical Approaches to George Bernard Shaw and His Work. New York: Ungar, 1982.
——————. Bernard Shaw: A Guide to Research. University Park:
Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992.
——————, ed. Bernard Shaw: The Diaries 1885-1897. 2 vols. University Park: Penn State University Press, 1986.
——————, ed. Shaw's People: Victoria to Churchill. University Park: Penn State University Press, 1996.
Weisenthal, J. L. Shaw's Sense of History. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.
Williams, Stephen. “Bernard Shaw as Music Critic.” The Musical Times, Vol.
92, No. 1295 (Jan., 1951): 9-13.
Windsperger, Lothat, ed. Das Buch der Motive aus Opern und Musikdramen Richard Wagners. Band II. Edited by. Mainz: Schott, 1985.
中文 (依作者姓名筆劃排序)
張明貴。《費邊社會主義思想》。台北：五南圖書出版，2003。
黃喻麟。〈論《華格納寓言--揭開「尼貝龍根指環」的面紗》之翻譯策略與 文化傳遞〉。天主教輔仁大學翻譯學研究所碩士論文，2002。
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Chekhov, Anton.《三姊妹／櫻桃園：契訶夫戲劇精選》。陳兆麟 譯注。台 北：聯經，2004。
112
Nobel Foundation and Swedish Academy, ed.〈蕭伯納榮獲諾貝爾文學獎的評 審過程〉，《蕭伯納｜戴麗達》，諾貝爾文學全集編譯委員會 譯。瑞典
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Amazon.com. S.v. “The Perfect Wagnerite.”
https://www.amazon.com/Perfect-Wagnerite-Websters-Hungarian-Thesaur us/dp/B001PCI51I (accessed Nov. 22, 2017).
Landow, George P. and Jim Skipper. “Wages, the Cost of Living, Contemporary Equivalents to Victorian Money.”
http://www.victorianweb.org/economics/wages.html (accessed Feb. 8, 2018).
Nobel Prize.org. “The Nobel Prize in Literature 1925: George Bernard Shaw.”
Nobel Media.
https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1925/
(accessed November 10, 2017).
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https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/467 (accessed November 19, 2017).
Rosen, Bruce. “Income vs Expenditure in Working-Class Victorian England.”
Victorian History.
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http://www.oxforddnb.com (accessed December 31, 2015).
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張奎志。〈文本．作者．讀者——文學批評在三者間的合理遊走〉。中國社 會科學院文學研究所中國文學網。
http://www.literature.org.cn/Article.aspx?id=51435 (accessed Apr. 16, 2017).
網路資料庫
Cambridge Dictionary of American Idioms.
http://www.cambridge.org/us/cambridgeenglish/catalog/dictionaries/cambr idge-dictionary-american-idioms/cambridge-dictionary-american-idioms-p aperback.
Geni.com. https://www.geni.com.
Google.com. https://www.google.com.
Imdb.com. http://www.imdb.com.
Oxford Music Online. http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com.
State Library Victoria. https://www.slv.vic.gov.au.
Wikipedia. https://www.wikipedia.org/.
國家教育研究院雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網。http://terms.naer.edu.tw.
臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
https://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/ccd=hIaZFm/webmge?mo de=basic.