施用不同肥料對種植紫錐菊後之土壤性質會有不同的影響。施用機質肥料後 土壤的 pH 值較高，化學肥料處理之土壤 pH 值則會隨施用量增加而降低。有機 質肥料在紫錐菊採收後能增加土壤的有機質含量，並且具有較高的總氮、可萃取 磷、鈣、鎂及錳的含量，能保持土壤肥力並維持土壤 pH 值。由於紫錐菊原生於 貧瘠土壤，在不同肥料處理之紫錐菊的乾重皆沒有顯著差異，但施用有機質肥料 處理會使花數增加。紫錐菊在開花期會吸收多量氮、磷、鉀、鈣及鎂，並將根多 量的鉀轉移至地上部。施用高量化學肥料會使植物體中氮和鈣的濃度較高；而施 用有機質肥料有助於紫錐菊對磷和鉀的吸收，但會降低植物體中的氮濃度，不過 紫錐菊之二次代謝物 (酚類及咖啡酸衍生物) 的含量增加。紫錐菊之酚類與咖啡 酸衍生物具有高度正相關，而酚類以及咖啡酸衍生物與紫錐菊之總氮含量具中度 負相關，顯示植體中氮濃度增加會降低酚類及咖啡酸衍生物的生合成。綜合上述，
雖然所有處理的紫錐菊產量皆無顯著差異，在考量紫錐菊之活性成分的含量以及 土壤的永續經營，施用有機質肥料為較佳的肥培策略。其中以有機質肥料處理 (Org 1) 可得到最高的酚類 (18.3 g kg-1) 及咖啡酸衍生物 (36.1 μmol g-1) 含量。
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附錄
附錄一、不同肥料處理對土壤 pH、EC 值和有機質含量之影響 Appendix 1. Effects of different fertilizer on pH, ECa and OM b of the soil
Treatments pH ECa (dS m-1) OMb (g kg-1) 150 DAT
Chem 1 5.1 ± 0.1 b 2.6 ± 0.5 bc 46 ± 1.1 c Chem 2 4.9 ± 0.1 bc 3.0 ± 0.6 ab 46 ± 0.6 c Chem 3 4.8 ± 0.2 c 3.6 ± 0.3 a 47 ± 0.4 c Org 1 5.3 ± 0.2 a 1.8 ± 0.5 cd 50 ± 1.5 b Org 2 5.3 ± 0.1 a 1.9 ± 0.5 cd 56 ± 1.5 a Org 3 5.3 ± 0.2 a 2.5 ± 1.1 bc 57 ± 1.3 a Control 5.4 ± 0.1 a 1.1 ± 0.3 d 47 ± 2.6 c
180 DAT
Chem 1 5.5 ± 0.2 a 0.9 ± 0.4 ab 46 ± 1.2 d Chem 2 5.3 ± 0.1 b 1.0 ± 0.2 ab 47 ± 2.6 cd Chem 3 5.1 ± 0.1 c 1.5 ± 0.8 a 49 ± 0.3 bc Org 1 5.5 ± 0.1 a 0.9 ± 0.6 ab 51 ± 1.1 b Org 2 5.5 ± 0.1 a 0.9 ± 0.3 ab 56 ± 1.1 a Org 3 5.5 ± 0.1 a 1.4 ± 0.5 a 56 ± 1.5 a Control 5.5 ± 0.1 a 0.7 ± 0.1 b 47 ± 2.5 cd
Value are means ± standard deviation (n = 4) and the different letter(s) in column of the same sampling day indicate significant differences within each treatments at P ≤ 0.05 by LSD test. a EC: electrical conductivity of saturated extract. b OM: oganic matter.
附錄二、不同肥料處理對土壤總氮、無機態氮、Mehlich Ⅲ可萃取磷與鉀濃度之影響
Appendix 2. Effects of different fertilizer on total nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, M-Ⅲa P and M-Ⅲa K concentration of the soil
Treatments Total N (g kg-1) Inorganic N (mg kg-1) M-Ⅲa P (mg kg-1) M-Ⅲa K (mg kg-1) 150 DAT
Chem 1 2.4 ± 0.04 b 156 ± 23 bc 104 ± 6 c 168 ± 9 ab
Chem 2 2.4 ± 0.03 b 199 ± 38 ab 102 ± 3 c 157 ± 30 ab
Chem 3 2.5 ± 0.1 ab 227 ± 12 a 107 ± 2 c 167 ± 33 ab
Org 1 2.5 ± 0.1 ab 100 ± 46 cd 110 ± 3 c 115 ± 57 b
Org 2 2.6 ± 0.2 a 112 ± 40 c 151 ± 9 b 133 ± 35 b
Org 3 2.6 ± 0.1 a 130 ± 67 c 189 ± 20 a 204 ± 62 a
Control 2.1 ± 0.1 c 46 ± 16 d 79 ± 1 d 58 ± 5 c
180 DAT
Chem 1 2.2 ± 0.1 c 50.8 ± 14.2 ab 102 ± 4 d 166 ± 8 a Chem 2 2.3 ± 0.1 bc 49.7 ± 18.7 b 101 ± 5 d 143 ± 39 ab Chem 3 2.1 ± 0.3 c 90.0 ± 51.7 a 108 ± 3 cd 155 ± 23 a Org 1 2.2 ± 0.1 bc 32.5 ± 24.9 bc 112 ± 2 c 87 ± 17 cd Org 2 2.6 ± 0.1 a 21.2 ± 15.4 bc 152 ± 9 b 113 ± 26 bc Org 3 2.5 ± 0.1 ab 47.7 ± 32.3 bc 191 ± 10 a 140 ± 46 ab
Control 1.8 ± 0.3 d 9.1 ± 8.4 c 75 ± 1 e 49 ± 4 d
Value are means ± standard deviation (n = 4) and the different letter(s) in column of the same sampling day indicate significant differences within
附錄三、不同肥料處理對土壤 Mehlich Ⅲ可萃取鈣、鎂、鐵、錳、銅與鋅濃度之影響
Appendix 3. Effects of different fertilizer on the Mehlich Ⅲ extractable Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn of the soil Treatments Concentration of Mehlich Ⅲ extration (mg kg-1)
Ca Mg Fe Mn Cu Zn
150 DAT
Chem 1 727 ± 70 bc 155 ± 8 b 525 ± 62 b 19 ± 1 e 3.4 ± 0.15 a 6.5 ± 0.5 de Chem 2 729 ± 38 bc 157 ± 14 b 512 ± 15 b 26 ± 1 cd 3.3 ± 0.08 b 6.9 ± 0.5 cde Chem 3 707 ± 122 bc 156 ± 7 b 516 ± 19 b 31 ± 3 b 3.3 ± 0.06 ab 7.2 ± 0.5 cd Org 1 761 ± 49 b 186 ± 15 ab 609 ± 21 a 29 ± 1 bc 3.3 ± 0.17 ab 7.5 ± 0.3 bc Org 2 790 ± 104 ab 219 ± 8 ab 607 ± 27 a 32 ± 5 ab 3.1 ± 0.04 c 8.2 ± 0.5 ab Org 3 902 ± 85 a 265 ± 20 a 620 ± 19 a 36 ± 3 a 3.0 ± 0.14 c 8.5 ± 0.7 a Control 626 ± 93 c 144 ± 16 b 584 ± 21 a 24 ± 1 d 3.3 ± 0.07 ab 6.4 ± 0.4 e
180 DAT
Chem 1 664 ± 99 bc 121 ± 6 de 566 ± 12 b 18 ± 1 bc 3.1 ± 0.1 abc 6.4 ± 0.1 bc Chem 2 608 ± 104 c 121 ± 12 de 574 ± 29 b 16 ± 2 c 3.2 ± 0.1 ab 6.0 ± 0.7 c Chem 3 694 ± 91 abc 149 ± 50 cd 582 ± 5.4 ab 20 ± 2 b 3.1 ± 0.2 ab 6.7 ± 0.5 b Org 1 773 ± 124 ab 173 ± 35 bc 579 ± 7.3 ab 19 ± 1 b 3.2 ± 0.2 a 6.8 ± 0.1 b Org 2 799 ± 80 a 206 ± 10 ab 567 ± 10 b 21 ± 3 ab 2.9 ± 0.1 bcd 6.8 ± 0.5 b Org 3 755 ± 55 ab 219 ± 19 a 577 ± 22 b 24 ± 2 a 2.7 ± 0.1 d 7.7 ± 0.5 a Control 458 ± 43 d 88 ± 11 e 603 ± 19 a 15 ± 1 c 2.8 ± 0.3 cd 6.5 ± 0.4 bc
Value are means ± standard deviation (n = 4) and the different letter(s) in column of the same sampling day indicate significant differences within each treatments at P ≤ 0.05 by LSD test.
附錄四、不同肥料處理對紫錐菊之氮含量的影響
Appendix 4. Effects of different fertilizer treatments on nitrogen content in E. purpurea Treatments Nitrogen contents (mg plant-1)
Root Shoot Whole plant
150 DAT
Chem 1 59.7 ± 10.9 ab 145 ± 4.8 bc 204 ± 8.4 ab Chem 2 68.5 ± 17.9 a 182 ± 41 ab 251 ± 51 a Chem 3 59.4 ± 15.9 ab 187 ± 50 a 247 ± 65 a Org 1 52.4 ± 18.2 ab 129 ± 24 c 181 ± 42 b Org 2 44.4 ± 8.2 b 128 ± 14 c 173 ± 20 b Org 3 57.3 ± 13.1 ab 127 ± 3.7 c 184 ± 12 b Control 47.8 ± 14.6 ab 133 ± 4.4 c 181 ± 16 b
180 DAT
Chem 1 131 ± 33.0 b 179 ± 62 b 310 ± 77 b Chem 2 149 ± 33.9 b 252 ± 52 a 401 ± 57 a
Chem 1 131 ± 33.0 b 179 ± 62 b 310 ± 77 b Chem 2 149 ± 33.9 b 252 ± 52 a 401 ± 57 a