本研究結果顯示，臺灣的癌症病人多數於死亡前三個月內曾被開立鴉片類藥 物。臺灣癌症疼痛之鴉片類藥物利用以 morphine 最高，而弱效鴉片類部分，則為 tramadol 為主。在強弱效及使用途徑部分，以強效及非針劑為主。
而針對腸胃道癌症病人鴉片類藥物利用分析中，經多變項校正後，鴉片類藥 物開立率以 2007 年最高(OR=8.28, 95%CI=1.03-66.37)；共病症分數為 2 分者，鴉 片類藥物累積劑量預估值較高(2,357, P=0.037)。
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附錄
附表一、鴉片類藥物代碼及 ATC 分類
藥物 途徑 劑量 代碼 ATC
Morphine 口服 10mg A005860100 N02AA01
30mg(長效) A042534100, B019001100 60mg(長效) B019000100
10 mg/ml, 100ml A005869155 注射 10mg/1ml A005891209 20mg/1ml A005886209
Fentanyl 貼片 25 mcg/hour B022898314, B021523314 N02AB03 50 mcg/hour B022899321, B021525321
Buprenorphine 舌下 0.2mg B021625100 N02AE01
注射 0.3 mg/ml B021626209
Tramadol 口服 37.5mg B023917100 N02AX02
50mg(cap) A040422100, A041557100, A042533100, A043597100, A043824100, B016863100, B023134100, B024492100
100mg(SR) (長 效)
A042770100, B021840100, A047457100,
200mg B024340100
注射 50mg/ml(2ml) B015875212, A039058212, A038145212, A036167212 , A036597212,A036780212, A038135212, B024289212
50mg/ml(1ml) A036167209,A036597209,A038135209, A039058209 ,B015875209
Codeine 口服 15mg A005857100 R05DA04
30mg A005865100
Propoxyphene 口服 65mg A032745100, A044447100 N02AC04
Pethidine 注射 50mg/1cc A005874209 N02AB02 口服 50 mg A005858100
Tramadol
+Acetaminophen
口服 37.5mg + 325mg AC57779100,B023917100,AC56706100, AC57777100,AC58168100,AC58188100, AC58302100
N02AX52
Propoxyphene+A cetaminophen
口服 65mg+650mg A044968100 N02AC54
32mg+325mg A029486100, A029814100, A048464100