5.1 結論
目前航空營收研究以定量和定價為主,但過去研究多將兩者分開討論,在定 量中不考慮票價對消費者的影響;在定價中不考慮機位控管的問題,但實際上,
量與價都是影響航空公司營收的重要因素。
本研究在探討後發現,對於航空營收,飛機票價會影響消費者購買行為,亦 會影響航空公司機位控管之問題。因此本研究以在單一航段問題中,消費者選擇 行為為基礎,建立一定價的動態模式來控管機位,藉以產生適當的航空定價與機 位控管決策。
在基本範例解之特性分析中可發現,不同的定價的確會影響航空公司整體收 益。在相同的價格組合下,實施定價可以比不實施定價營收多3.50%;而在基本 範例解正負$40 下做價格組合,其最佳定價與鄰域解之定價差距有 10.80%,顯示 定價配合機位存貨控管確實可以增加航空公司之營收。
而本研究之參數設定雖然並沒有實際的參數來佐證,但在參數對基本範例解 特性之研究中發現,除了到達率會明顯影響基本範例解之定價外,在標準差和相 關係數不同時,其基本範例解之定價仍可獲得大多數之營收,顯示其參數之不同 對於本研究之定價策略影響並不大,仍可採用本研究之定價方法來極大化營收。
而在機位存貨控管效果之測試中,我們可以得知在基本範例之定價下,若航 空公司進行機位存貨控管與不進行機位存貨控管之營收差異有3.35%,顯示機位 存貨控管可以增加航空公司之營收,但若航空公司不進行機位存貨控管,單單只 採用最佳定價時,即使營收會下降,但仍可獲得大多數之營收,其原因在於航空 公司已藉由定價來達到與機位存貨有控管類似之效果。
5.2 建議
為使本研究提出之考量存貨控管模式與消費者選擇行為的機位定價決策更 加成熟,針對未來研究發展部分,可分為下列幾項:
1、 將消費者需求隨時間變動而不同
本研究之消費者需求是隨著定價的不同而改變,而忽略了時間性,之 後可將因時間不同而有不同需求機率出現的情況納入考量,以更符合 現實情形。
2、 消費者選擇行為模式
本研究之消費者選擇行為模式採用消費者願付價格的分佈,並假設此 分佈呈多變量常態分配,但是否有更簡單或容易的方法來描述艙等開 放的消費者選擇行為,可做為另一個研究之方向。
3、 定價模式驗證
本研究之定價模式參數是經由相關文獻及航空實際操作經驗合理推 測,但更精確的參數可透過問卷調查或訪談消費者所得到,因此未來 可實際調查符合特定航空公司之參數,再藉由本研究之定價模式來求 得最佳定價及控管策略。
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簡 歷
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