結論與未來展望 65

因為切換式電源供應器具有較佳的效率與適用於行動式電子產品，故此類型 之電源設計為未來電源設計的主流[27]。

本論文修改過去積分式順滑模態控制設計，提出具有積分之順滑函數(sliding mode control with integral)設計降壓型直流轉換器之順滑模態控制器，並採用飽和 函數取代切換函數以降低系統跳切現象。相較於先前之控制器，此控制器除既有 滑模態控制的優點，例如允許系統參數的變化與不確定值，還有無需估測負載與 對負載變動具有強健性的優點，並且因為加入積分器，所以可以消除穩態誤差。

在第二章建立模型的過程中，採用非理想之片段模型建立系統模型，有別於 過去元件理想模型推導出之線性模型。從第四章的模擬可知，在負載不確定的情 況下，仍能將輸出電壓控制到期望值，負載瞬變時，也能穩定在平衡點上，且目 標電壓改變時，輸出電壓也能正確將輸出電壓控制到目標電壓值。此一模型與其 他類型之直流轉換器相似，可以整理成為雙線性系統，未來的研究可以參考第三 章之設計步驟設計其他類型之電壓轉換器。

因為採用根值指定法選用順滑函數之係數，其獲得之值極小，很難利用現有 運算放大器實現，利用數位控制的方式其解析度需求極高，故未來研究方向可採 用此類型之積分型順滑函數控制，調整適合的係數以符合實作之可行性。此外，

加入積分器，使得系統響應速度與震盪現象並不如預期，所以消除此非理想現象 亦為未來研究之方向。

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附錄 A MATLAB/SIMULINK 模擬方塊圖

如圖A.1 所示，為系統主方塊圖，分為三部分，系統模型，控制器，以及負 載控制器。

圖A.1 系統主方塊圖  

  圖A.2 控制器

  圖A.3 系統數值模型

  圖A.4 以 SimPowerSystems 建立系統模型