5.1 結論
本研究在組裝廠的角度下，探討當組裝廠面臨兩供應商時，若供應商的製造 良率皆為隨機變數時，則組裝廠在缺貨成本、廢料處理成本及購買成本的考量下，
會在何種情況只向其中一家供應商訂購所有的需求數量，而何時情況則會將訂單 分散給兩廠商。我們以報童模式為基礎探討這種單一週期訂購問題，由於通式解 需確定良率分配才可再進一步探討，因此我們以均勻分配為基礎，並分析模型各 參數對成本的影響。以下則為本研究之結論：
(1) 利用報童模式做單一週期的訂購策略，且供應商製造良率非界於 0 到 1 之間 的均勻分配時，此模型可解外，亦可以達到最小化成本的目的。此外，我們 在兩供應商製造良率恰屬於 0 到 1 之間的均勻分配時，我們可找出組裝廠訂 購策略的範圍。
(2) 當供應商良率皆為均勻分配時，組裝廠需求的變動並不會改變組裝廠的決策 模式，也就是不會有向單一家訂購變成分散訂單的情形發生。而懲罰成本對 於決策的變化需要進一步的討論較能確認對系統的影響。
(3) 以最小化成本為目標，考量了供應商的銷售價格和懲罰成本的影響，在兩供 應商製造良率皆屬於 0 到 1 之間的均勻分配時，可以得到一個判斷式，可使 得組裝廠在這些資訊下，判斷要向單一供應商訂購或者是分散訂單。
(4) 在系統存在缺貨成本和廢料處理成本時，價格較貴但是良率條件較好的供應 商可以獲得較大的市場佔有率。
5.2 未來研究方向
未來研究發展方向，可從以下幾點進行：
(1) 可加入組裝廠對供應商訂購時有允收標準，若是供應商無法達到標準時，需
賠償組裝廠一些費用。而組裝廠供貨給下游顧客時，懲罰成本也可以根據下 由顧客的允收標準來制訂。
(2) 除了良率時隨機變數外，需求也是隨機變數。
(3) 購買數量可以有折扣發生。
(4) 針對高良率、高價格廠商及低良率、低價格供應商的管理方法。
參考文獻
Adachi, Y., T. Nose, and S. Kuriyama. 1999. Optimal Inventory Control Policy Subject to Different Selling Prices of Perishable Commodities. International Journal of Production Economics 60 389–394.
Anupindi, R., and R. Akella. 1993. Diversification Under Supply Uncertainty.
Management Science 29 944-963.
Bakal, I. S., and E. Akcali. 2006. Effects of Random Yield in Remanufacturing with Price-Sensitive Supply and Demand. Production and Operations Management
15 407-420.
Burton, T. T. 1988. JIT/Repetitive Sourcing Strategies: Tying the Knot' with Your Suppliers. Production and Inventory Management 29 38-41.
Cheng, C. E. 1991. An Economic Order Quantity Model with Demand-Dependent Unit Production Cost and Imperfect Production Processes. IIE Transactions 23 23-28.
Chien, T. W. 1993. Determine Profit-Maximizing Production Shipping Policies in a One-To One Direct Shipping, Stochastic Demand Environment. European Journal of Operational Research 64 83-102.
Dye, C. Y., and L. Y. Ouyang. 2005. An EOQ Model for Perishable Items under Stock-Dependent Selling Rate and Time-Dependent Partial Backlogging. European Journal of Operational Research 163 776-783.
Freeland, J. R. 1991. A Survey of Just-In-Time Purchasing Practices in the United States. Production and Inventory Management Journal 32 43-50.
Gallego, G., and I. Moon. 1993. The Distribution Free Newsboy Problem: Reviews and Extensions. Journal of the Operational Research Society 44 825-834.
Gerchak, Y. and M. Parlar. 1990. Yield Variability, Cost Tradeoffs and Diversification in the EOQ Model. Naval Research Logistics 37 341-354.
Harris, F. W. 1915. What Quantity to Make at Once. The Library of Factory Management, Vol. V. Operation and Costs. A. W. Shaw Company, Chicago.
He, R., and J. Zhang. 2008. Random Yield Risk Sharing in a Two-Level Supply Chain.
International Journal of Production Economics 112 769-781.
Huang, C. K. 2004. An Optimal Policy for a Single Vendor Single Buyer Integrated Production-Inventory Problem with Process Unreliability Consideration.
International Journal of Production Economics 91 91-98.
Kazaz, B. 2004. Production Planning under Yield and Demand Uncertainty with Yield-Dependent Cost and Price. Manufacturing and Service Operations Management 6 209–224.
Kelle, P., S. Transchel, and S. Minner. 2009. Buyer-Supplier Cooperation and Negotiation Support with Random Yield Consideration. International Journal of Production Economics 118 152-159.
Khouja, M. 1999. The Single-Period (News-Vendor) Problem: Literature Review and Suggestions for Future Research. The International Journal of Management Science 27 537-553.
Khouja, M. 2000. Optimal Ordering, Discounting, and Pricing in the Single-Period Problem. International Journal of Production Economics 65 2201-2216.
Lau, H. S, and A. H. –L. Lau. 1994. Coordinating Two Suppliers with Offsetting Lead Time and Price Performance. Journal of Operations Management 11 327-337.
Lau, H. -S., and L.-G. Zhao. 1994. Dual Sourcing Cost-Optimization with Unrestricted Lead-Time Distributions and Order-Split Proportions. IIE Transactions 26 66-75.
Lau, H. S., and H. L. Lau. 1997. A Semi-Analytical Solution for a Newsboy Problem with Mid-Period Replenishment. Journal of the Operational Research Society 48 1245-1253.
Lau, H. 1997. Simple Formulas for the Expected Costs in the Newsboy Problem: An Educational Note. The European Journal of Operational Research 100 557–561.
Mohebbi, E., and M. J. M. Posner. 1998. Sole versus Dual Sourcing in a
Continuous-Review Inventory System with Lost Sales. Computer and Industrial Engineering 34 321-336.
Moon, I., and S. Choi. 1994. The Distribution Free Continuous Review Inventory System with a Service-Level Constraint. Computers and Industrial Engineering 27 209-212.
Moon, I., and S. Choi. 1995. The Distribution Free Newsboy Problem with Balking.
Journal of the Operational Research Society 46 537-542.
Mukhopadhyay, S. K., and H. Ma. 2009. The Role of Quality Uncertainty in Remanufacturing Decisions. International Journal of Business and Systems Research 3 387-412.
Pan, A. C., R. V. Ramasesh, J. C. Hayya, and J. K. Ord. 1991. Multiple Sourcing: The Determination of Lead Times. Operations Research Letters 10 1–7.
Parlar, M., and D. Wang. 1993. Diversification Under Yield Randomness in Two Simple Inventory Models. European Journal of Operational Research 66 52-64.
Petruzzi, N. C., and M. Dada. 1999. Pricing and the Newsvendor Problem: A Review with Extensions Operation Research 47 183-194.
Porteus, E. L. 1986. Optimal Lot Sizing, Process Quality Improvement and Setup Cost Reduction. Operation Research 34 137-144.
Presutti, Jr. W. D. 1992. The Single Source Issue: US and Japanese Sourcing Strategies. International Journal of Purchasing and Management 28 2-9.
Ramasesh, R. V., J. K. Ord, J. C. Hayya, and A. Pan. 1991. Sole versus Dual Sourcing in Stochastic Lead-Time (s,Q) Inventory Models. Management Science 37 428–443.
Ramasesh, R. V., J. K. Ord, and J. C. Hayya. 1993. Note: Dual Sourcing with Nonidentical Suppliers. Naval Research Logistics 40 279–288.
Items with Imperfect Quality. International Journal of Production Economics 64 59-64.
Schonberger, R. J. 1982. Japanese Manufacturing Techniques. Free Press, New York.
Sculli, D., and S.Y. Wu. 1981. Stock Control Two Supplier and Normal Lead Times. Journal of the Operational Research Society 32 1003-1009.
Sedarage, D., O. Fujiwara, and H. T. Luong. 1999. Determining Optimal Order Splitting and Reorder Level for N-Supplier Inventory Systems. European Journal of Operational Research 116 389–404.
Stevenson, W. J. 2002. Production Operations Management 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill companies, Inc.
Wacker, K. A. 1993. Uncommon Common Sense. Quality Progress 26 97-100.
Watts, C. A., K. Y. Kim, and C. K. Hahn. 1992. Linking Purchasing to Corporate Competitive Strategy. International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management 31 1-8.
林進財 (1990)，「多站報童存貨決策問題之集中存貨政策對期望成本的影響效 果」。國立交通大學管理科學系博士論文。
黃允成 (2001)，「報童模式在機率性需求與數量折扣下最適訂購量與訂價策略之 研究」。工業工程學刊第十八卷第六期 43-52.
自動化在線，2008
http://www.autooo.net/ic/tech/2009-04-19/26896.html 上網日期：2009/10/28
奇美保固資訊，2009
http://www.chimei.com.tw/warranty-monitor.asp 上網日期：2010/01/15