• 沒有找到結果。

在實際業界中,大部分晶圓廠都忽略了傳輸整合步進機在小批量情境下會有產能 損失的問題,而過去文獻也都只探討在滿批量下做步進機的派工,故本論文所研究的 議題是值得被探討的。

雖然過去 Wu & Chiou(2009)曾經針對低良率的情境作傳輸整合步進機的排程,

但並無考慮到有些晶圓批會有使用相同光罩的情形,然而在現實情況中,晶圓廠是具 有迴流製程特性的工廠,故工件會重複進入傳輸整合步進機中加工,而每次皆為加工 不同的電路佈局,在加工不同電路佈局時則需要更換光罩,換句話說,相同的產品在 同一加工層時(加工相同的電路佈局),會使用相同光罩,故本研究為在考慮光罩限制 下,針對小批量的情境來減少產能損失的問題。而本研究所提出之 GA-F(Family-based GA)可以在短時間內,得到一組近似最佳解的加工順序與總完工時間。

5.1 研究的結論

過去 Wu & Chiou(2009)為研究在小批量情境下作傳輸整合步進機的排程,但因 為所使用的方法沒有考量光罩的特性,所以只使用基因演算法,並無納入家族式派工 的概念,也就是本研究的標竿 GA-I。本研究欲探討在此情境下,使用家族式派工是否 會比使用單獨派工法則有著更少的機台閒置情形,在第四章中已可得知 GA-F 可以比 GA-FT 求出更好的工件順序,故結論將會針對 GA-I 與 GA-F 做探討。在經過大量的 實驗後,可以將本研究的結論歸納如下:

1. 當欲排序的工件數目越多,家族式派工法則的效果越顯著。因為工件數目越 多,加工時所需要更換光罩的次數也越多,設置的次數也更多,而本研究的 GA-F 可以減少更多餘的設置時間。

2. 當設置時間越長時,家族式派工法則的效果越顯著。因為設置時間越長,則 GA-I 所產生的設置時間會更多,造成總完工時間拉長,而本研究所使用的 GA-F 可以減少多餘的設置時間,減少總完工時間。

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3. 當所使用的光罩種類越多,家族式派工法則的效果越顯著。因為光罩種類數 量越多,工件在加工時遇到使用不同光罩的工件機會也越大,而本研究所使 用的 GA-F 可以減少工件遇到使用不同光罩的工件,使總完工時間更短。但 值得注意的是,當使用光罩數量與工件數量接近時,則使用 GA-F 效果會趨 近於 GA-I,故績效下降。

4. 當欲排序工件的良率越低,家族式派工法則的效果越顯著。因為良率越低時,

總完工時間會越小,此時設置時間對於總完工時間的影響就會越大,而本論 文的 GA-F 減少了多餘的設置時間,故 GA-F 在低良率時成效會比 GA-I 顯著。

5.2 未來研究方向

本研究的未來研究方向,整理如下列數項:

1. 本研究目前只探討單一機台的研究,故未來可朝向雙機或多機,甚至是生產 系統來做延伸。

2. 本研究目前只探討以基因演算法求解傳輸整合步進機的排程問題,尚未探討 以不同的巨集演算法(Meta-heuristic)來求解此一問題,故未來可嘗試使用 不同的巨集演算法來解決傳輸整合步進機的排程問題。

3. 由於在小批量情境下發生產能閒置問題的主要原因是因為 Port 數量不足,故 未來可朝向 Port 數量的研究,探討 Port 達到多少數量時,即可以使傳輸整合 步進機不會發生產能的損失。

4. GA-F 的解品質會比 GA-FT 好的主要原因是 GA-FT 的染色體在每次的基因演 化後變動太大,導致不易產生好的解,故未來研究方向可朝向針對不同的問 題情境的 Family-based,去改善它們的染色體設計。

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