以下分為七個部分，分別對臀大肌、股直肌、股二頭肌、股外側肌、股內側肌、脛 前肌、腓腸肌做結果詳述。
一、臀大肌表現結果
臀大肌在不同坐墊位置的變化之統計結果如下表 4-3-1。不同坐墊位置對臀大肌變 化的差異，在重複量數變異數分析得知臀大肌完整踩踏表現 (F(4,52)＝1.627, p=.181)、
下踩期 (F(4,52)＝.418, p=.795)、回升期(F(4,52)＝.526, p=.717)的肌電活化變化。
臀大肌完整踩踏表現肌電活化值未達顯著交互作用 (p > .05)，逐一進行主要效果檢
Backword Middle Forward
% MVC
GM - Muscle Activation
33
Backword Middle Forward
% MVC
GM - Downstroke Muscle Activation
圖 4-3-3 股直肌下踩期表現
Backword Middle Forward
% MVC
RF - Downstroke Muscle Activation
Lower
Backword Middle Forward
% MVC
RF - Upstroke Muscle Activation
35
Backword Middle Forward
% MVC
BF - Muscle Activation
Lower
Backword Middle Forward
% MVC
BF - Downstroke Muscle Activation
表 4-3-1 不同坐墊位置的變化之臀大肌、股直肌、股二頭肌肌肉活化表現平均數與標準差
Table 4-3-1. Descriptive statistics for the two-way repeated-measures ANOVA of Muscle activation (% MVC)
Vertical Up position Medium position Lower position
Horizontal Backward Medium Forward Backward Medium Forward Backward Medium Forward F P
Gluteus Maximus
# significant interaction effect (p < .05)
a denotes the significant differences in up position; b denotes significant differences in medium position; and c denotes significant differences in lower position
d denotes the significant differences in backward position; e denotes significant differences in middle position; and f denotes significant differences in forward position The main effect analysis revealed a significant difference between vertical and horizontal for Gluteus Maximus average ( F = 9.70, p < .001; F =7.08, p < .004).
The main effect analysis revealed a significant difference between vertical for Gluteus Maximus down-stroke ( F = 4.46, p < .022).
The main effect analysis revealed a significant difference between vertical and horizontal for Gluteus Maximus up-stroke ( F = 9.70, p < .001; F =7.08, p < .004).
The main effect analysis revealed a significant difference between horizontal for Rectus Femoris down-stroke ( F = 17.06, p < .000).
The main effect analysis revealed a significant difference between horizontal for Rectus Femoris up-stroke ( F = 6.88, p < .004).
The main effect analysis revealed a significant difference between vertical and horizontal for Biceps femoris average ( F = 9.01, p < .001; F =5.55, p < .010).
The main effect analysis revealed a significant difference between vertical for Biceps femoris down-stroke ( F = 6.142, p < .007).
The main effect analysis revealed a significant difference between vertical for Biceps femoris up-stroke ( F = 3.82, p < .035).
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四、股外側肌表現結果
股外側肌在不同坐墊位置的變化之統計結果如下表 4-3-3。不同坐墊位置對股外側 肌變化的差異，在重複量數變異數分析得知股外側肌完整踩踏表現 (F(4,52)＝.428, p=.788)、下踩期 (F(4,52)＝.340, p=.850)、回升期 (F(4,52)＝.022, p=.999)的肌電活化變 化。
Backword Middle Forward
% MVC
VLO - Downstroke Muscle Activation
圖 4-3-8 股外側肌回升期表現 五、股內側肌表現結果
股內側肌在不同坐墊位置的變化之統計結果如下表 4-3-4。不同坐墊位置對股內側 肌變化的差異，在重複量數變異數分析得知股內側肌完整踩踏表現 (F(4,52)＝1.247, p=.303)、下踩期 (F(4,52)＝.746, p=.565)、回升期 (F(4,52)＝.286, p=.886)的肌電活化變 化。
Backword Middle Forward
% MVC
VLO - Upstroke Muscle Activation
Lower
Backword Middle Forward
% MVC
VMO - Downstroke Muscle Activation
39
股內側肌回升期表現肌電活化值未達顯著交互作用 (p > .05)，逐一進行主要效果檢 定，比較如下，在不同垂直高度 (F(2,26)=.382, p=.686) 或水平前後(F(2,26)=5.205, p=.013) 位置的位移，會影響股內側肌肌電活化值。經事後比較發現：向後的坐墊位置比前 (p=.004 < .05) 的坐墊位置有較大的肌電活化值，如圖 4-3-10。
圖 4-3-10 股內側肌回升期表現
Lower Middle
Upper
0 10 20 30 40
Backword Middle Forward
% MVC
VMO - Upstroke Muscle Activation
表4-3-2 不同坐墊位置的變化之股外側肌、股內側肌肌肉活化表現平均數與標準差
Table 4-3-2. Descriptive statistics for the two-way repeated-measures ANOVA of Muscle activation (%MVC)
Vertical Up position Medium position Lower position
Horizontal Backward Medium Forward Backward Medium Forward Backward Medium Forward F P
Vastus Lateralis
Average 46.82 ± 16.01 47.77 ± 12.33 47.17 ± 9.98 43.82 ± 7.85 45.14 ± 9.32 47.06 ± 11.36 46.11 ± 8.34 46.28 ± 9.86 47.74 ± 9.64 0.428 0.788
Down-stroke 58.70 ± 21.95 64.13 ± 24.65 66.97 ± 15.61 53.36 ± 22.16 60.21 ± 18.39 67.54 ± 24.71 60.81 ± 20.24 65.19 ± 17.18 70.83 ± 16.94 0.340 0.850
Up-stroke 34.94 ± 20.90 31.40 ± 15.17 27.37 ± 7.39 34.29 ± 19.67 30.08 ± 14.34 26.58 ± 11.17 31.42 ± 15.29 27.37 ± 7.87 24.66 ± 7.62 0.022 0.999
Vastus Medialis
Average 46.76 ± 9.19 49.73 ± 12.08 47.55 ± 8.31 46.58 ± 5.97 47.68 ± 8.9 48.70 ± 9.64 47.90 ± 8.59 46.44 ± 7.79 49.89 ± 9.01 1.247 0.303
Down-stroke 59.40 ± 16.28 66.47 ± 22.84 67.54 ± 13.44 56.47 ± 19.94 62.98 ± 17.98 69.25 ± 21.55 62.72 ± 19.20 64.18 ± 14.74 72.71 ± 18.02 0.746 0.565
Up-stroke 34.12 ± 15.25 32.99 ± 13.35 27.56 ± 7.44 36.68 ± 19.19 32.39 ± 17.55 28.14 ± 12.49 33.08 ± 14.96 28.70 ± 7.91 27.06 ± 7.15 0.286 0.886
# significant interaction effect (p < .05)
a denotes the significant differences in up position; b denotes significant differences in medium position; and c denotes significant differences in lower position
d denotes the significant differences in backward position; e denotes significant differences in middle position; and f denotes significant differences in forward position The main effect analysis revealed a significant difference between horizontal for
Vastus Lateralis
down-stroke ( F = 10.13, p < .001).The main effect analysis revealed a significant difference between horizontal for
Vastus Lateralis
up-stroke ( F = 4.43, p < .022).The main effect analysis revealed a significant difference between horizontal for
Vastus Medialis
down-stroke ( F = 9.77, p < .001).The main effect analysis revealed a significant difference between horizontal for
Vastus Medialis
up-stroke ( F = 5.21, p < .013).41
六、脛前肌表現結果
脛前肌在不同坐墊位置的變化之統計結果如下表 4-3-6。不同坐墊位置對脛前肌變 化的差異，在重複量數變異數分析得知脛前肌完整踩踏表現 (F(4,52)＝1.371, p=.257)、
下踩期 (F(4,52)＝.573, p=.683)、回升期 (F(4,52)＝2.574, p=.048) 的肌電活化變化。
Backword Middle Forward
% MVC
TA - Downstroke Muscle Activation
七、腓腸肌表現結果
腓腸肌在不同坐墊位置的變化之統計結果如下表 4-3-7。不同坐墊位置對脛前肌變 化的差異，在重複量數變異數分析得知脛前肌完整踩踏表現 (F(4,52)＝1.108, p=.363)、
下踩期 (F(4,52)＝.543, p=.705)、回升期 (F(4,52)＝9.071, p=.000) 的肌電活化變化。
Backword Middle Forward
% MVC
GAS - Muscle Activation
43
圖 4-3-13 腓腸肌下踩期表現
腓腸肌回升期表現肌電活化值之單純主要效果，比較如下，垂直高度位置的位移結 果：在向前的坐墊位置下，低的坐墊位置比高 (p=.001 < .05) 及中 (p=.006 < .05) 的坐 墊位置有較大的肌電活化值。水平前後位置的位移結果：在低的坐墊位置下，向前的坐 墊位置比中 (p=.001 < .05) 及後 (p=.029 < .05) 的坐墊位置有較大的肌電活化值。
Lower Middle
Upper
10 20 30 40
Backword Middle Forward
% MVC
GAS - Downstroke Muscle Activation
表 4-3-3 不同坐墊位置的變化之脛前肌、腓腸肌肌肉活化表現平均數與標準差
Table 4-3-3. Descriptive statistics for the two-way repeated-measures ANOVA of Muscle activation (%MVC)
Vertical Up position Medium position Lower position
Horizontal Backward Medium Forward Backward Medium Forward Backward Medium Forward F P
Tibialis Anterior
Average 34.54 ± 10.63 37.34 ± 10.70 39.46 ± 11.02 34.41 ± 8.11 34.44 ±10.50 35.81 ± 10.47 32.53 ± 11.86 32.74 ±10.86 31.41 ± 8.67 1.371 0.257
Down-stroke 30.20 ± 9.23 32.42 ± 10.91 29.02 ± 11.20 29.05 ± 12.90 27.97 ± 12.67 28.16 ± 10.88 23.74 ± 11.51 22.28 ± 9.24 22.90 ± 8.52 0.573 0.683
Up-stroke 38.89 ± 17.85 42.26 ± 18.62 49.89 ± 14.92 39.76 ± 10.20 40.90 ± 12.30 43.47 ± 13.32 41.33 ± 14.40 43.20 ± 15.72 39.92 ± 11.59 2.574 0.048#
Gastrocnemius
Average 64.06 ± 14.38 59.79 ± 10.65 50.49 ± 11.29 53.51 ± 13.48 49.82 ± 13.28 47.13 ± 9.70 51.73 ± 14.07 47.93 ± 13.29 43.47 ± 13.79 1.108 0.363
Down-stroke 95.55 ± 31.08 85.44 ± 26.91 74.85 ± 18.68 75.83 ± 26.47 71.28 ± 21.09 60.58 ± 18.56 67.76 ± 23.00 64.93 ± 19.68 56.60 ± 18.48 0.543 0.705
Up-stroke 32.58 ± 11.12 34.14 ± 15.27 26.14 ± 9.78cf 31.20 ± 11.05 28.36 ± 8.66 33.68 ± 14.31cf 35.70 ± 18.99 30.92 ± 11.63abde 56.60 ± 18.48 9.071 0.000#
# significant interaction effect (p < .05)
a denotes the significant differences in up position; b denotes significant differences in medium position; and c denotes significant differences in lower position
d denotes the significant differences in backward position; e denotes significant differences in middle position; and f denotes significant differences in forward position The main effect analysis revealed a significant difference between vertical for Tibialis Anterior down-stroke ( F = 7.24, p < .003).
The main effect analysis revealed a significant difference between vertical and horizontal for Gastrocnemius average ( F = 7.58, p < .003; F =19.883, p < .000).
The main effect analysis revealed a significant difference between vertical and horizontal for Gastrocnemius down-stroke ( F = 11.187, p < .000; F =11.735, p < .000).
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