第四章 研究結果
第二節 前後測的信度分析
圖二為先自填組(n=106)之中自填與面訪 WHOQOL-BREF 的分數，自填 組的平均得分最低至最高為心理範疇(13.44)~生理範疇(14.13)；面訪組則為 心理範疇(14)~生理範疇(14.45)。使用配對 t 檢定比較其平均分數之差異，可 以很清楚的看到，先自填組中的面訪組全部4 個範疇的分數都顯著高於自填 組(生理 p<0.05；心理 p<0.001；社會 p<0.001；環境 p<0.001 )；圖三為先面 訪組(n=106)之中面訪與自填的分數，自填組的平均得分最低至最高為心理 範疇(13.8)~生理範疇(14.84)；面訪組則為心理範疇(14.27)~生理範疇
(15.07)，而先面訪組內則以面訪的心理範疇(p<0.01)和環境範疇(p<0.01)顯著 高於自填，其他在生理範疇及社會範疇雖無顯著差異，但面訪分數仍比自填 分數高。
不同的施測順序和人口特質來看內在等級相關係數(intraclass
correlation coefficient: ICC)之信度差異，ICC在這裡做同一組人前後的比較
（自己和自己的比較，組內信度）。
表三為WHOQOL-BREF在四個範疇之中，先面訪與先自填兩組組內不 同收樣模式的ICC指數。先自填組之中ICC值最差至最好的範圍為社會範疇 0.56-生理範疇0.78，先面訪組之中則為環境範疇0.71-生理範疇0.8。
Self-administrated first
14.13
13.44 13.43 13.51
14.45 14 14.18 14.21
0 5 10 15 20
Physical Psychological Social interaction Environmental S(1st) I(2nd)
* *** *** ***
*0.01<P<0.5; ** 0.001<P<0.01; *** P<0.001; based on paired t test
Figure 2. Comparison of mean score of each domain in the WHOQOL-BREF among two measurements in self-administrated first group
Self-administrated 2nd vs Interview first
14.84
13.8 14.27 14.07
15.07
14.27 14.4 14.52
0 5 10 15 20
Physical Psychological Social interaction Environmental S(2nd) I(1st)
** **
*0.01<P<0.5; ** 0.001<P<0.01; *** P<0.001; based on paired t test
Figure 3. Comparison of mean score of each domain in the WHOQOL-BREF among two measurements in face-to-face interview first group
Table 4. Reproductivity of domain score among two measurements within each group
Self-administration → Interview ICC Physical 14.13(1.93) 14.45(1.9) 0.78
Psychological 13.44(1.95) 14(1.67) 0.68
Social 13.43(2.24) 14.18(1.81) 0.56
Environmental 13.51(1.99) 14.21(1.38) 0.66
Interview → Self-administration ICC Physical 15.07(2.17) 14.84(2.24) 0.8
Psychological 14.27(2.15) 13.8(2.21) 0.71
Social 14.4(2.08) 14.27(2.17) 0.76
Environmental 14.52(1.84) 14.07(2.08) 0.71
表五承接表四，為兩組組內依照人口特質分組ICC，用性別分層，分成
用教育年數程度分層，教育程度九年以下在自填組的ICC範圍為社會 0.49-生理0.79，在面訪組的ICC範圍為心理0.75-環境0.8；九年以上在自填組 的ICC範圍為社會0.59-生理0.77，在面訪組中ICC範圍為環境0.64-心理0.81。
用疾病分層，無共病症在自填組的ICC範圍為社會0.61-生理0.84，在面 訪組中ICC範圍為生理0.79-社會、環境0.87；有共病症在自填組的ICC範圍 為社會0.53-生理0.7，在面訪組中ICC範圍為環境0.64-生理0.77。
在先自填組中，WHOQOL-BREF四個範疇之中，以社會範疇表現最差，
生理範疇表現最好；在表二列出的13個分層中，其中有11個分層（全部、男 性、65歲以上、65歲以上男性、65歲以上女性、65歲以下、教育程度國中以 下、教育程度高中以上、無共病症和有共病症）其ICC值在社會範疇表現最 差；其中又有12個分層（全部、男性、女性、65歲以上、65歲以上男性、40-64 歲女性、40-64歲男性、65歲以上女性、教育程度國中以下、教育程度高中 以上、無共病症和有共病症）其ICC值在生理範疇表現最好。
在先面訪組中，以心理和環境範疇表現最差，生理表現最好。13個分層 中，其中有5個分層（男性、65歲以上、65歲以上女性、65歲以下男性、教 育程度國中以下）其ICC值在心理範疇表現最差；另5個分層（全部、女性、
65歲以上男性、教育程度高中以上、有共病症）其ICC值在環境範疇表現最 差；有10個分層（全部、男性、女性、65歲以上、65歲以上男性、65歲以上 女性、65歲以下、65歲以下女性、教育程度9年以上、有共病症）其ICC值 在生理範疇表現最好。
在範疇觀點來看，生理範疇表現最好，社會範疇的表現最差。在組別觀點 來看，先面訪的表現較先自填來的好。在性別觀點來看，女生表現較男生好。
在年齡的觀點來看，40-64歲組較65歲以上來的佳。
Table 5 . Reproductivity of self-administration and interview in domain scores of WHOQOL-BREF for each group stratified by gender, age, education and disease status.
Physical domain Psychological domain Social domain Environmental domain
S(1st)vs I(2nd) I(1st)vs S(2nd) S(1st)vs
I(2nd) I(1st)vs Interaction
65+_male 0.7 0.71 0.54 0.44 0.38 0.6 0.56 0.43 65-_male 0.71 0.8 0.62 0.78 0.74 0.91 0.84 0.88 65+_female 0.75 0.72 0.72 0.53 0.53 0.61 0.62 0.54 65-_female 0.85 0.9 0.83 0.94 0.73 0.91 0.71 0.91
ICC: One way random
S(1st)vs I(2nd): Self-administration first vs. Face-to-face interview second I(1st)vs S(2nd): Face-to-face interview first vs. Self-administration second
第三節 同一時間點（組間）兩種方式的比較（範疇分析）
由圖四為先自填(n=106)與先面訪(n=106)分數比較，先自填的平均得分 最低至最高為心理(13.44)~生理(14.13)；先面訪則為心理(14.27)~生理
(15.07) ，可從圖中看出全部四個範疇面訪分數顯著高於自填分數(生理 p<0.001；心理 p<0.01；社會 p<0.01；環境 p<0.001 )；圖五為後自填與後面 訪分數比較，後自填的平均得分最低至最高為心理(13.8)~生理(14.84)；後面 訪則為心理(14)~生理(14.45)，兩組檢定比較，均沒有顯著差異。
接下來，比較先自填與先面訪兩組人，將分層性別、年齡、教育程度和 有無共病症之次族群，看其得分差異。
圖六為女性組的比較，自填分數由最低到最高為心理(13.42)~生理 (14.18)；面訪組則為心理(13.97)~生理(15.11)，雙樣本 t 檢定女性在生理 (p<0.05)以及環境層面(p<0.01)有顯著差異；圖七男性組的比較，自填分數由 最低到最高為社會(13.13)~生理(14.08)；面訪組則為環境(13.97)~生理
(15.08)，兩組雙樣本 t 檢定比較，則是面訪全部的範疇高於自填，並社會範 疇相差最為顯著(p<0.001)。
圖八為年齡65 歲以下組的比較，自填分數由最低到最高為環境(13.69)~
生理(14.83)；面訪組則為心理(13.95)~生理(15.25)，檢定比較後可以看到每
個範疇得分完全沒有顯著差異；圖九為年齡65 歲以上組的比較，自填分數 由最低到最高為社會(12.96)~生理(13.54)；面訪組為環境(14.55)~生理
(15.08)，檢定比較可以很清楚看到，每一個範疇面訪分數顯著大於自填分數 (生理 p<0.05；心理 p<0.001；社會 p<0.001；環境 p<0.001 )。
Self-administrated first vs Interview first
14.13 13.44 13.43 13.51
15.07
14.27 14.4 14.52
0 5 10 15 20
Physical Psychological Social interaction Environmental
S(1st) I(1st)
*** ** ** ***
*0.01<p<0.5; ** 0.001<p<0.01; *** p<0.001; Two sample t test
Figure 4 . Comparison of mean score of each domain in the WHOQOL-BREF among the first measurements in both groups
Self-administrated 2nd vs Interview 2nd
14.84
13.8 14.27 14.07
14.45 14 14.18 14.21
0 5 10 15 20
Physical Psychological Social interaction Environmental S(2nd) I(2nd)
Figure 5. Comparison of mean score of each domain in the WHOQOL-BREF among the second measurements in both groups
Self-administrated first vs Interview first female
14.18
13.42 13.74 13.47
15.11
13.97 14.22 14.53
0 5 10 15 20
Physical Psychological Social interaction Environmental S(1st) I(1st)
* **
*0.01<p<0.5; ** 0.001<p<0.01; *** p<0.001; Two sample t test
Figure 6 . Comparison of mean score of each domain in the WHOQOL-BREF among the first measurements in both groups for female
Self-administrated first vs Interview first male
14.08
13.46 13.13 13.56
14.58 14.61 14.55
15.08
Physical Psychological Social interaction Environmental S(1st) I(1st)
* * *** **
*0.01<p<0.5; ** 0.001<p<0.01; *** p<0.001; Two sample t test
Figure 7. Comparison of mean score of each domain in the WHOQOL-BREF among the first measurements in both groups for male
Self-administrated first vs Interview first 40-64 years old
14.83
13.85 13.99 13.69
15.25
13.95 13.98 14.15
0 5 10 15 20
Physical Psychological Social interaction Environmental S(1st) I(1st)
Figure 8. Comparison of mean score of each domain in the WHOQOL-BREF among the first measurements in both groups for age＜65 years
Self-administrated first vs Interview first
≧65 years old
13.54 13.1 12.96 13.36
14.9 14.57 14.8 14.87
0 5 10 15 20
Physical Psychological Social interaction Environmental S(1st) I(1st)
*** *** *** ***
***p<0.001; Two sample t test
Figure 9. Comparison of mean score of each domain in the WHOQOL-BREF among the first measurements in both groups for age≧65 years
第四節 項目反應理論分析結果
表六為各組試題的平均值(標準差)、各組平均差(標準差)以及 p 值，
可以從表1 看出在平均差的部分，除了 PN16、YN6 之外，其餘的試題面 訪分數均高於自填分數，並且在生理範疇(PN3, PN4, PN10, PN15)，心理 範疇(YN5, YN11, YN26)，社會範疇(SN21, SN27)和環境範疇(EN8, EN12, EN13, EN14, EN25, EN28)其面訪分數均顯著大於自填分數。
表七為分男性組的得分與兩種模式的得分差異，和表五相同，除了 PN16、YN6 之外，其餘的試題面訪分數均高於自填分數，男性組在生理 範疇(PN3, PN10, PN15)，心理範疇(YN5, YN11, YN26)，社會範疇(SN21, SN27)和環境範疇(EN12, EN13, EN14, EN28)其面訪分數均顯著大於自填 分數。
表八為分女性組的得分與兩種模式的得分差異，除了PN16、EN12 之外，其餘的試題面訪分數均高於自填分數，女性組在生理範疇(PN3, PN4, PN15)，心理範疇(YN26)，社會範疇(SN27)和環境範疇(EN8, EN13, EN25, EN28)其面訪分數均顯著大於自填分數。
試題差異男性多於女性。
表九為年齡65 歲以上組的得分與兩種模式的得分差異，除了 PN16 之外，其餘的試題面訪分數均高於自填分數，65 歲以上組在生理範疇(PN3, PN10, PN15)，心理範疇(YN 5, YN 11, YN 19, YN26)，社會範疇(SN21, SN22, SN27)和環境範疇(EN8, EN9, EN12, EN13, EN14, EN25, EN28)其 面訪分數均顯著大於自填分數。
表十為年齡40-64 歲以下組的得分與兩種模式的得分差異，其分佈未 若之前分層（全部、男性、女性、年齡65 歲以上）面訪大於自填，僅只 有6 題在生理範疇(PN3, PN4, PN15)，心理範疇(YN26)和環境範疇(EN14, EN28)其面訪分數均顯著大於自填分數。
Table 6. Cronbach’s alpha, mean score of each item and comparison between self-administration first group and face-to-face interview first group.
Self-administration Face-to-face interview
S-I
Domains/Item Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) p-value
Overall
WN1. Overall quality of life 3.37(0.62) 3.42(0.64) -0.05(0.63) 0.5737
WN2. Overall health 3.09(0.77) 3.07(0.93) 0.02(0.86) 0.8635
Physical αS=0.73 αI=0.76
PN3. Pain and discomfort 3.66 (0.85) 4.32 (0.93) -0.65 (0.89) <.0001 PN4. Dependence on medication or
treatment 3.79 (1.09) 4.16 (1.12) -0.37 (1.1) 0.0154 YN6. Spirituality, religion and personal
beliefs 3.57 (0.82) 3.57 (0.85) 0 (0.83) 0.9907
YN7. Thinking, learning, memory &
concentration 3.33 (0.77) 3.46 (0.77) -0.13 (0.77) 0.2389
YN11. Body image and appearance 3.53 (0.78) 3.73 (0.65) -0.2 (0.72) 0.0436 YN19. Self-satisfaction 3.6 (0.73) 3.71 (0.76) -0.11 (0.75) 0.2694 YN26. Negative feeling 3.3 (0.9) 3.79 (0.91) -0.49 (0.9) 0.0001
Social interaction αS =0.77 αI =0.66
SN20. Personal relationship 3.52 (0.68) 3.53 (0.73) -0.01 (0.71) 0.8901 SN21. Sexual activity 3.11 (0.89) 3.53 (0.71) -0.42 (0.81) 0.0005 SN22. Friends’ support 3.57 (0.65) 3.68 (0.67) -0.11 (0.66) 0.2353 SN27. Esteemed and respected 3.22 (0.72) 3.69 (0.73) -0.47 (0.73) <.0001
Environmental αS =0.81 αI =0.73
EN8. Physical safety and security 3.12 (0.82) 3.44 (0.89) -0.32 (0.86) 0.0065 EN9. Physical environments 2.9 (0.95) 3.12 (1.02) -0.22 (0.98) 0.1098 EN12. Financial environment 3.09 (0.77) 3.34 (0.96) -0.25 (0.87) 0.0389 EN13. Opportunities 3.44 (0.74) 3.79 (0.75) -0.36 (0.74) 0.0006 EN14. Participation & support of leisure
activities 3.32 (0.88) 3.64 (0.86) -0.33 (0.87) 0.0069
EN23. Home environment 3.63 (0.7) 3.7 (0.7) -0.07 (0.7) 0.4925 EN24. Health & social care: availability &
quality 3.59 (0.65) 3.72 (0.64) -0.13 (0.64) 0.1352
EN25. Transportation 3.52 (0.68) 3.73 (0.61) -0.2 (0.65) 0.0238 EN28. Eating food 3.75 (0.85) 4.18 (0.87) -0.43 (0.86) 0.0004
α=(internal consistent reliability) cronbach’s alpha
Table 7 : Cronbach’s alpha, mean score of each item and comparison between
self-administration first group and face-to-face interview first group for male.
Self-administration Face-to-face interview
S-I
Domains/Item Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) p-value
Overall
WN1. Overall quality of life 3.34(0.59) 3.47(0.69) -0.13(0.64) 0.2834
WN2. Overall health 3.13(0.79) 3.04(0.92) 0.1(0.86) 0.5634
Physical domain αS =0.73 αI =0.77
PN3. Pain and discomfort 3.75 (0.79) 4.33 (0.94) -0.58 (0.87) 0.0009 PN4. Dependence on medication or
treatment 3.56 (1.18) 3.93 (1.23) -0.37 (1.21) 0.1159 YN6. Spirituality, religion and personal
beliefs 3.58 (0.84) 3.58 (0.85) 0 (0.85) 0.9849
YN7. Thinking, learning, memory &
concentration 3.4 (0.72) 3.55 (0.74) -0.15 (0.73) 0.2899
YN11. Body image and appearance 3.5 (0.8) 3.84 (0.5) -0.34 (0.67) 0.0116 YN19. Self-satisfaction 3.58 (0.8) 3.78 (0.63) -0.21 (0.72) 0.1429 YN26. Negative feeling 3.32 (0.73) 3.93 (0.96) -0.61 (0.85) 0.0003 Social interaction domain αS =0.76 αI =0.68
SN20. Personal relationship 3.44 (0.73) 3.55 (0.66) -0.1 (0.69) 0.4435
SN21. Sexual activity 3 (0.93) 3.6 (0.68) -0.6 (0.82) 0.0003 EN14. Participation & support of leisure
activities 3.33 (0.88) 3.75 (0.84) -0.42 (0.86) 0.0135
EN23. Home environment 3.63 (0.69) 3.71 (0.74) -0.07 (0.71) 0.5904 EN24. Health & social care: availability &
quality 3.62 (0.63) 3.69 (0.63) -0.08 (0.63) 0.5386
EN25. Transportation 3.42 (0.72) 3.59 (0.63) -0.18 (0.68) 0.177 EN28. Eating food 3.72 (0.89) 4.09 (0.87) -0.38 (0.88) 0.0294
α=(internal consistent reliability) cronbach’s alpha
Table 8 : Cronbach’s alpha, mean score of each item and comparison between self-administration first group and face-to-face interview first group for female.
Self-administration Face-to-face interview
S-I
Domains/Item Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) p-value
Overall
WN1. Overall quality of life 3.4(0.66) 3.37(0.6) 0.03(0.63) 0.8023
WN2. Overall health 3.03(0.77) 3.12(0.95) -0.08(0.86) 0.6425
Physical domain αS =0.74 αI =0.75
PN3. Pain and discomfort 3.58 (0.91) 4.31 (0.93) -0.74 (0.92) <.0001 PN4. Dependence on medication or
treatment 4.02 (0.94) 4.43 (0.92) -0.41 (0.93) 0.0268 YN6. Spirituality, religion and personal
beliefs 3.56 (0.8) 3.57 (0.85) -0.01 (0.83) 0.9467
YN7. Thinking, learning, memory &
concentration 3.27 (0.82) 3.37 (0.8) -0.1 (0.81) 0.5186
YN11. Body image and appearance 3.56 (0.75) 3.63 (0.77) -0.07 (0.76) 0.6436 YN19. Self-satisfaction 3.62 (0.66) 3.65 (0.89) -0.03 (0.78) 0.8383 YN26. Negative feeling 3.29 (1.05) 3.67 (0.84) -0.38 (0.95) 0.047 Social interaction domain αS =0.77 αI =0.62
SN20. Personal relationship 3.6 (0.63) 3.53 (0.81) 0.07 (0.73) 0.6418 SN21. Sexual activity 3.24 (0.82) 3.45 (0.76) -0.21 (0.79) 0.2419 SN22. Friends’ support 3.62 (0.6) 3.66 (0.69) -0.05 (0.64) 0.7274 SN27. Esteemed and respected 3.27 (0.69) 3.59 (0.75) -0.32 (0.72) 0.0271
Environmental domain αS =0.78 αI =0.78
EN8. Physical safety and security 3.06 (0.89) 3.47 (0.9) -0.41 (0.9) 0.0217 EN9. Physical environments 2.81 (1.09) 3.16 (1.08) -0.35 (1.08) 0.1055 EN12. Financial environment 3.1 (0.78) 3.1 (1.06) 0 (0.93) 1 EN13. Opportunities 3.39 (0.78) 3.76 (0.86) -0.37 (0.82) 0.024 EN14. Participation & support of leisure
activities 3.31 (0.9) 3.55 (0.88) -0.24 (0.89) 0.1711
EN23. Home environment 3.63 (0.71) 3.71 (0.67) -0.07 (0.69) 0.6035 EN24. Health & social care: availability &
quality 3.56 (0.67) 3.76 (0.65) -0.21 (0.66) 0.1146
EN25. Transportation 3.63 (0.63) 3.88 (0.55) -0.25 (0.59) 0.036 EN28. Eating food 3.79 (0.82) 4.29 (0.86) -0.51 (0.84) 0.0029
α=(internal consistent reliability) cronbach’s alpha
Table 9. Cronbach’s alpha, mean score of each item and comparison between self-administration first group and face-to-face interview first group for age < 65 years.
Self-administration Face-to-face interview
S-I
Domains/Item Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) p-value
Overall
WN1. Overall quality of life 3.33(0.56) 3.38(0.66) -0.05(0.61) 0.6775
WN2. Overall health 2.98(0.84) 3.01(0.92) -0.04(0.88) 0.8206
Physical domain αS =0.72 αI =0.78
PN3. Pain and discomfort 3.66 (0.94) 4.35 (1.02) -0.69 (0.98) 0.0006 PN4. Dependence on medication or
treatment 4.22 (0.9) 4.6 (0.78) -0.38 (0.84) 0.0208 YN6. Spirituality, religion and personal
beliefs 3.78 (0.7) 3.65 (0.7) 0.13 (0.7) 0.343
YN7. Thinking, learning, memory &
concentration 3.37 (0.8) 3.44 (0.69) -0.06 (0.74) 0.6596
YN11. Body image and appearance 3.67 (0.82) 3.62 (0.73) 0.05 (0.77) 0.7479 YN19. Self-satisfaction 3.69 (0.71) 3.56 (0.9) 0.12 (0.81) 0.4387 YN26. Negative feeling 3.25 (0.93) 3.78 (0.9) -0.53 (0.92) 0.0038 Social interaction domain αS =0.82 αI =0.67
SN20. Personal relationship 3.53 (0.67) 3.36 (0.7) 0.17 (0.69) 0.2189 SN21. Sexual activity 3.35 (0.75) 3.53 (0.72) -0.19 (0.74) 0.2209 SN22. Friends’ support 3.63 (0.66) 3.58 (0.69) 0.05 (0.67) 0.7285 SN27. Esteemed and respected 3.43 (0.64) 3.58 (0.71) -0.15 (0.68) 0.2567
Environmental domain αS =0.82 αI =0.77
EN8. Physical safety and security 3.12 (0.86) 3.35 (0.95) -0.23 (0.91) 0.1997 EN9. Physical environments 2.92 (0.96) 3 (0.98) -0.08 (0.97) 0.6781 EN12. Financial environment 3.08 (0.72) 3.05 (1.04) 0.03 (0.91) 0.884 EN13. Opportunities 3.45 (0.76) 3.71 (0.9) -0.26 (0.83) 0.1135 EN14. Participation & support of leisure
activities 3.25 (0.84) 3.6 (0.89) -0.35 (0.87) 0.0441
EN23. Home environment 3.75 (0.66) 3.69 (0.72) 0.05 (0.69) 0.6868 EN24. Health & social care: availability &
quality 3.53 (0.67) 3.69 (0.66) -0.16 (0.67) 0.2166
EN25. Transportation 3.61 (0.7) 3.73 (0.62) -0.12 (0.66) 0.3528 EN28. Eating food 3.84 (0.76) 4.16 (0.86) -0.32 (0.81) 0.0444
α=(internal consistent reliability) cronbach’s alpha
Table 10. Cronbach’s alpha, mean score of each item and comparison between self-administration first group and face-to-face interview first group for age ≧ 65 years.
Self-administration Face-to-face
interview S-I
Domains/Item Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) p-value
Overall
WN1. Overall quality of life 3.4(0.68) 3.45(0.63) -0.05(0.66) 0.6815
WN2. Overall health 3.18(0.71) 3.1(0.96) 0.07(0.84) 0.6768
Physical domain αS =0.69 αI =0.78
PN3. Pain and discomfort 3.65 (0.77) 4.31 (0.81) -0.66 (0.79) <.0001 PN4. Dependence on medication or
treatment 3.38 (1.07) 3.73 (1.22) -0.35 (1.15) 0.1094 YN6. Spirituality, religion and personal
beliefs 3.39 (0.86) 3.51 (0.98) -0.12 (0.92) 0.4808
YN7. Thinking, learning, memory &
concentration 3.26 (0.77) 3.51 (0.86) -0.25 (0.81) 0.1126
YN11. Body image and appearance 3.39 (0.71) 3.87 (0.55) -0.48 (0.63) 0.0001 YN19. Self-satisfaction 3.48 (0.74) 3.85 (0.62) -0.37 (0.68) 0.0049 YN26. Negative feeling 3.33 (0.91) 3.78 (0.94) -0.45 (0.92) 0.0116 Social interaction domain αS =0.71 αI =0.64
SN20. Personal relationship 3.48 (0.69) 3.69 (0.74) -0.21 (0.72) 0.127 SN21. Sexual activity 2.85 (0.92) 3.54 (0.71) -0.68 (0.83) 0.0002 SN22. Friends’ support 3.5 (0.63) 3.75 (0.68) -0.26 (0.65) 0.0447 SN27. Esteemed and respected 3.05 (0.75) 3.84 (0.74) -0.78 (0.74) <.0001 Environmental domain αS =0.81 αI =0.66
EN8. Physical safety and security 3.11 (0.76) 3.55 (0.86) -0.44 (0.81) 0.0051 EN9. Physical environments 2.86 (0.94) 3.27 (1.03) -0.42 (0.99) 0.0283 EN12. Financial environment 3.07 (0.81) 3.6 (0.85) -0.53 (0.83) 0.0011 EN13. Opportunities 3.4 (0.71) 3.84 (0.66) -0.44 (0.69) 0.0012 EN14. Participation & support of leisure
activities 3.38 (0.91) 3.73 (0.83) -0.35 (0.87) 0.0347
EN23. Home environment 3.52 (0.71) 3.73 (0.71) -0.21 (0.71) 0.123 EN24. Health & social care: availability &
quality 3.61 (0.65) 3.76 (0.61) -0.16 (0.63) 0.1936
EN25. Transportation 3.39 (0.7) 3.74 (0.59) -0.36 (0.65) 0.0048 EN28. Eating food 3.67 (0.91) 4.24 (0.89) -0.57 (0.9) 0.0011
α=internal consistent reliability cronbach’s alpha
項目反應理論分析面訪與自填模式
表十一為在面訪與自填的信度(reliability)、難度(item difficulty)與適 配指標(infit mean square)比較。
適合度指標(infit statistic)在WHOQOL-BREF的四個範疇中，兩組均 符合單一向度的假設，但在反向題PN4”
依賴藥物
”(1.31)、YN26”負面感 覺
”(1.34)不符合和PN3”疼痛影響需要做的事
”的指標值稍微較高。在信度的評估中，受測者潛在特質的信度指標與傳統的測量信度的 Cronbach’s alpha 相同，在自填組信度指標生理、心理、社會及環境範疇 的信度指標分別為0.68、0.6、0.61 及 0.79。在面訪組信度指標生理、心 理、社會及環境範疇的信度指標分別為0.71、0.69、0.45 及 0.71，其中 面訪組社會範疇的信度指標最差為0.45，內部一致性最好的為環境範疇 0.79。
在自填組生理範疇難度範圍為(-0.79~0.39)，最難的是 PN17”
滿意從 事日常活的的能力
”(0.39)，最簡單的是 PN15”四處行動的能力
”(-0.79)；面訪組難度範圍為(-0.97~0.79)，最難的是 PN16”
滿意睡眠狀況
”(0.79)，最簡單的是PN3”
疼痛是否會妨礙需要處理的事
”(-0.97)，其中在自填組 之中PN4”依賴藥物
”；在心理範疇之中，自填組難度範圍為(-0.28~0.48)，最難的YN11”
接受自己的外表
” (0.48)，最簡單 YN19”對自己滿意
”最難的YN11”