• 沒有找到結果。

第四章 研究結果

第四節 項目反應理論分析結果

表六為各組試題的平均值(標準差)、各組平均差(標準差)以及 p 值,

可以從表1 看出在平均差的部分,除了 PN16、YN6 之外,其餘的試題面 訪分數均高於自填分數,並且在生理範疇(PN3, PN4, PN10, PN15),心理 範疇(YN5, YN11, YN26),社會範疇(SN21, SN27)和環境範疇(EN8, EN12, EN13, EN14, EN25, EN28)其面訪分數均顯著大於自填分數。

表七為分男性組的得分與兩種模式的得分差異,和表五相同,除了 PN16、YN6 之外,其餘的試題面訪分數均高於自填分數,男性組在生理 範疇(PN3, PN10, PN15),心理範疇(YN5, YN11, YN26),社會範疇(SN21, SN27)和環境範疇(EN12, EN13, EN14, EN28)其面訪分數均顯著大於自填 分數。

表八為分女性組的得分與兩種模式的得分差異,除了PN16、EN12 之外,其餘的試題面訪分數均高於自填分數,女性組在生理範疇(PN3, PN4, PN15),心理範疇(YN26),社會範疇(SN27)和環境範疇(EN8, EN13, EN25, EN28)其面訪分數均顯著大於自填分數。

試題差異男性多於女性。

表九為年齡65 歲以上組的得分與兩種模式的得分差異,除了 PN16 之外,其餘的試題面訪分數均高於自填分數,65 歲以上組在生理範疇(PN3, PN10, PN15),心理範疇(YN 5, YN 11, YN 19, YN26),社會範疇(SN21, SN22, SN27)和環境範疇(EN8, EN9, EN12, EN13, EN14, EN25, EN28)其 面訪分數均顯著大於自填分數。

表十為年齡40-64 歲以下組的得分與兩種模式的得分差異,其分佈未 若之前分層(全部、男性、女性、年齡65 歲以上)面訪大於自填,僅只 有6 題在生理範疇(PN3, PN4, PN15),心理範疇(YN26)和環境範疇(EN14, EN28)其面訪分數均顯著大於自填分數。

Table 6. Cronbach’s alpha, mean score of each item and comparison between self-administration first group and face-to-face interview first group.

Self-administration Face-to-face interview

S-I

Domains/Item Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) p-value

Overall

WN1. Overall quality of life 3.37(0.62) 3.42(0.64) -0.05(0.63) 0.5737

WN2. Overall health 3.09(0.77) 3.07(0.93) 0.02(0.86) 0.8635

Physical αS=0.73 αI=0.76

PN3. Pain and discomfort 3.66 (0.85) 4.32 (0.93) -0.65 (0.89) <.0001 PN4. Dependence on medication or

treatment 3.79 (1.09) 4.16 (1.12) -0.37 (1.1) 0.0154 YN6. Spirituality, religion and personal

beliefs 3.57 (0.82) 3.57 (0.85) 0 (0.83) 0.9907

YN7. Thinking, learning, memory &

concentration 3.33 (0.77) 3.46 (0.77) -0.13 (0.77) 0.2389

YN11. Body image and appearance 3.53 (0.78) 3.73 (0.65) -0.2 (0.72) 0.0436 YN19. Self-satisfaction 3.6 (0.73) 3.71 (0.76) -0.11 (0.75) 0.2694 YN26. Negative feeling 3.3 (0.9) 3.79 (0.91) -0.49 (0.9) 0.0001

Social interaction αS =0.77 αI =0.66

SN20. Personal relationship 3.52 (0.68) 3.53 (0.73) -0.01 (0.71) 0.8901 SN21. Sexual activity 3.11 (0.89) 3.53 (0.71) -0.42 (0.81) 0.0005 SN22. Friends’ support 3.57 (0.65) 3.68 (0.67) -0.11 (0.66) 0.2353 SN27. Esteemed and respected 3.22 (0.72) 3.69 (0.73) -0.47 (0.73) <.0001

Environmental αS =0.81 αI =0.73

EN8. Physical safety and security 3.12 (0.82) 3.44 (0.89) -0.32 (0.86) 0.0065 EN9. Physical environments 2.9 (0.95) 3.12 (1.02) -0.22 (0.98) 0.1098 EN12. Financial environment 3.09 (0.77) 3.34 (0.96) -0.25 (0.87) 0.0389 EN13. Opportunities 3.44 (0.74) 3.79 (0.75) -0.36 (0.74) 0.0006 EN14. Participation & support of leisure

activities 3.32 (0.88) 3.64 (0.86) -0.33 (0.87) 0.0069

EN23. Home environment 3.63 (0.7) 3.7 (0.7) -0.07 (0.7) 0.4925 EN24. Health & social care: availability &

quality 3.59 (0.65) 3.72 (0.64) -0.13 (0.64) 0.1352

EN25. Transportation 3.52 (0.68) 3.73 (0.61) -0.2 (0.65) 0.0238 EN28. Eating food 3.75 (0.85) 4.18 (0.87) -0.43 (0.86) 0.0004

α=(internal consistent reliability) cronbach’s alpha

Table 7 : Cronbach’s alpha, mean score of each item and comparison between

self-administration first group and face-to-face interview first group for male.

Self-administration Face-to-face interview

S-I

Domains/Item Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) p-value

Overall

WN1. Overall quality of life 3.34(0.59) 3.47(0.69) -0.13(0.64) 0.2834

WN2. Overall health 3.13(0.79) 3.04(0.92) 0.1(0.86) 0.5634

Physical domain αS =0.73 αI =0.77

PN3. Pain and discomfort 3.75 (0.79) 4.33 (0.94) -0.58 (0.87) 0.0009 PN4. Dependence on medication or

treatment 3.56 (1.18) 3.93 (1.23) -0.37 (1.21) 0.1159 YN6. Spirituality, religion and personal

beliefs 3.58 (0.84) 3.58 (0.85) 0 (0.85) 0.9849

YN7. Thinking, learning, memory &

concentration 3.4 (0.72) 3.55 (0.74) -0.15 (0.73) 0.2899

YN11. Body image and appearance 3.5 (0.8) 3.84 (0.5) -0.34 (0.67) 0.0116 YN19. Self-satisfaction 3.58 (0.8) 3.78 (0.63) -0.21 (0.72) 0.1429 YN26. Negative feeling 3.32 (0.73) 3.93 (0.96) -0.61 (0.85) 0.0003 Social interaction domain αS =0.76 αI =0.68

SN20. Personal relationship 3.44 (0.73) 3.55 (0.66) -0.1 (0.69) 0.4435

SN21. Sexual activity 3 (0.93) 3.6 (0.68) -0.6 (0.82) 0.0003 EN14. Participation & support of leisure

activities 3.33 (0.88) 3.75 (0.84) -0.42 (0.86) 0.0135

EN23. Home environment 3.63 (0.69) 3.71 (0.74) -0.07 (0.71) 0.5904 EN24. Health & social care: availability &

quality 3.62 (0.63) 3.69 (0.63) -0.08 (0.63) 0.5386

EN25. Transportation 3.42 (0.72) 3.59 (0.63) -0.18 (0.68) 0.177 EN28. Eating food 3.72 (0.89) 4.09 (0.87) -0.38 (0.88) 0.0294

α=(internal consistent reliability) cronbach’s alpha

Table 8 : Cronbach’s alpha, mean score of each item and comparison between self-administration first group and face-to-face interview first group for female.

Self-administration Face-to-face interview

S-I

Domains/Item Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) p-value

Overall

WN1. Overall quality of life 3.4(0.66) 3.37(0.6) 0.03(0.63) 0.8023

WN2. Overall health 3.03(0.77) 3.12(0.95) -0.08(0.86) 0.6425

Physical domain αS =0.74 αI =0.75

PN3. Pain and discomfort 3.58 (0.91) 4.31 (0.93) -0.74 (0.92) <.0001 PN4. Dependence on medication or

treatment 4.02 (0.94) 4.43 (0.92) -0.41 (0.93) 0.0268 YN6. Spirituality, religion and personal

beliefs 3.56 (0.8) 3.57 (0.85) -0.01 (0.83) 0.9467

YN7. Thinking, learning, memory &

concentration 3.27 (0.82) 3.37 (0.8) -0.1 (0.81) 0.5186

YN11. Body image and appearance 3.56 (0.75) 3.63 (0.77) -0.07 (0.76) 0.6436 YN19. Self-satisfaction 3.62 (0.66) 3.65 (0.89) -0.03 (0.78) 0.8383 YN26. Negative feeling 3.29 (1.05) 3.67 (0.84) -0.38 (0.95) 0.047 Social interaction domain αS =0.77 αI =0.62

SN20. Personal relationship 3.6 (0.63) 3.53 (0.81) 0.07 (0.73) 0.6418 SN21. Sexual activity 3.24 (0.82) 3.45 (0.76) -0.21 (0.79) 0.2419 SN22. Friends’ support 3.62 (0.6) 3.66 (0.69) -0.05 (0.64) 0.7274 SN27. Esteemed and respected 3.27 (0.69) 3.59 (0.75) -0.32 (0.72) 0.0271

Environmental domain αS =0.78 αI =0.78

EN8. Physical safety and security 3.06 (0.89) 3.47 (0.9) -0.41 (0.9) 0.0217 EN9. Physical environments 2.81 (1.09) 3.16 (1.08) -0.35 (1.08) 0.1055 EN12. Financial environment 3.1 (0.78) 3.1 (1.06) 0 (0.93) 1 EN13. Opportunities 3.39 (0.78) 3.76 (0.86) -0.37 (0.82) 0.024 EN14. Participation & support of leisure

activities 3.31 (0.9) 3.55 (0.88) -0.24 (0.89) 0.1711

EN23. Home environment 3.63 (0.71) 3.71 (0.67) -0.07 (0.69) 0.6035 EN24. Health & social care: availability &

quality 3.56 (0.67) 3.76 (0.65) -0.21 (0.66) 0.1146

EN25. Transportation 3.63 (0.63) 3.88 (0.55) -0.25 (0.59) 0.036 EN28. Eating food 3.79 (0.82) 4.29 (0.86) -0.51 (0.84) 0.0029

α=(internal consistent reliability) cronbach’s alpha

Table 9. Cronbach’s alpha, mean score of each item and comparison between self-administration first group and face-to-face interview first group for age < 65 years.

Self-administration Face-to-face interview

S-I

Domains/Item Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) p-value

Overall

WN1. Overall quality of life 3.33(0.56) 3.38(0.66) -0.05(0.61) 0.6775

WN2. Overall health 2.98(0.84) 3.01(0.92) -0.04(0.88) 0.8206

Physical domain αS =0.72 αI =0.78

PN3. Pain and discomfort 3.66 (0.94) 4.35 (1.02) -0.69 (0.98) 0.0006 PN4. Dependence on medication or

treatment 4.22 (0.9) 4.6 (0.78) -0.38 (0.84) 0.0208 YN6. Spirituality, religion and personal

beliefs 3.78 (0.7) 3.65 (0.7) 0.13 (0.7) 0.343

YN7. Thinking, learning, memory &

concentration 3.37 (0.8) 3.44 (0.69) -0.06 (0.74) 0.6596

YN11. Body image and appearance 3.67 (0.82) 3.62 (0.73) 0.05 (0.77) 0.7479 YN19. Self-satisfaction 3.69 (0.71) 3.56 (0.9) 0.12 (0.81) 0.4387 YN26. Negative feeling 3.25 (0.93) 3.78 (0.9) -0.53 (0.92) 0.0038 Social interaction domain αS =0.82 αI =0.67

SN20. Personal relationship 3.53 (0.67) 3.36 (0.7) 0.17 (0.69) 0.2189 SN21. Sexual activity 3.35 (0.75) 3.53 (0.72) -0.19 (0.74) 0.2209 SN22. Friends’ support 3.63 (0.66) 3.58 (0.69) 0.05 (0.67) 0.7285 SN27. Esteemed and respected 3.43 (0.64) 3.58 (0.71) -0.15 (0.68) 0.2567

Environmental domain αS =0.82 αI =0.77

EN8. Physical safety and security 3.12 (0.86) 3.35 (0.95) -0.23 (0.91) 0.1997 EN9. Physical environments 2.92 (0.96) 3 (0.98) -0.08 (0.97) 0.6781 EN12. Financial environment 3.08 (0.72) 3.05 (1.04) 0.03 (0.91) 0.884 EN13. Opportunities 3.45 (0.76) 3.71 (0.9) -0.26 (0.83) 0.1135 EN14. Participation & support of leisure

activities 3.25 (0.84) 3.6 (0.89) -0.35 (0.87) 0.0441

EN23. Home environment 3.75 (0.66) 3.69 (0.72) 0.05 (0.69) 0.6868 EN24. Health & social care: availability &

quality 3.53 (0.67) 3.69 (0.66) -0.16 (0.67) 0.2166

EN25. Transportation 3.61 (0.7) 3.73 (0.62) -0.12 (0.66) 0.3528 EN28. Eating food 3.84 (0.76) 4.16 (0.86) -0.32 (0.81) 0.0444

α=(internal consistent reliability) cronbach’s alpha

Table 10. Cronbach’s alpha, mean score of each item and comparison between self-administration first group and face-to-face interview first group for age ≧ 65 years.

Self-administration Face-to-face

interview S-I

Domains/Item Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) p-value

Overall

WN1. Overall quality of life 3.4(0.68) 3.45(0.63) -0.05(0.66) 0.6815

WN2. Overall health 3.18(0.71) 3.1(0.96) 0.07(0.84) 0.6768

Physical domain αS =0.69 αI =0.78

PN3. Pain and discomfort 3.65 (0.77) 4.31 (0.81) -0.66 (0.79) <.0001 PN4. Dependence on medication or

treatment 3.38 (1.07) 3.73 (1.22) -0.35 (1.15) 0.1094 YN6. Spirituality, religion and personal

beliefs 3.39 (0.86) 3.51 (0.98) -0.12 (0.92) 0.4808

YN7. Thinking, learning, memory &

concentration 3.26 (0.77) 3.51 (0.86) -0.25 (0.81) 0.1126

YN11. Body image and appearance 3.39 (0.71) 3.87 (0.55) -0.48 (0.63) 0.0001 YN19. Self-satisfaction 3.48 (0.74) 3.85 (0.62) -0.37 (0.68) 0.0049 YN26. Negative feeling 3.33 (0.91) 3.78 (0.94) -0.45 (0.92) 0.0116 Social interaction domain αS =0.71 αI =0.64

SN20. Personal relationship 3.48 (0.69) 3.69 (0.74) -0.21 (0.72) 0.127 SN21. Sexual activity 2.85 (0.92) 3.54 (0.71) -0.68 (0.83) 0.0002 SN22. Friends’ support 3.5 (0.63) 3.75 (0.68) -0.26 (0.65) 0.0447 SN27. Esteemed and respected 3.05 (0.75) 3.84 (0.74) -0.78 (0.74) <.0001 Environmental domain αS =0.81 αI =0.66

EN8. Physical safety and security 3.11 (0.76) 3.55 (0.86) -0.44 (0.81) 0.0051 EN9. Physical environments 2.86 (0.94) 3.27 (1.03) -0.42 (0.99) 0.0283 EN12. Financial environment 3.07 (0.81) 3.6 (0.85) -0.53 (0.83) 0.0011 EN13. Opportunities 3.4 (0.71) 3.84 (0.66) -0.44 (0.69) 0.0012 EN14. Participation & support of leisure

activities 3.38 (0.91) 3.73 (0.83) -0.35 (0.87) 0.0347

EN23. Home environment 3.52 (0.71) 3.73 (0.71) -0.21 (0.71) 0.123 EN24. Health & social care: availability &

quality 3.61 (0.65) 3.76 (0.61) -0.16 (0.63) 0.1936

EN25. Transportation 3.39 (0.7) 3.74 (0.59) -0.36 (0.65) 0.0048 EN28. Eating food 3.67 (0.91) 4.24 (0.89) -0.57 (0.9) 0.0011

α=internal consistent reliability cronbach’s alpha

項目反應理論分析面訪與自填模式

表十一為在面訪與自填的信度(reliability)、難度(item difficulty)與適 配指標(infit mean square)比較。

適合度指標(infit statistic)在WHOQOL-BREF的四個範疇中,兩組均 符合單一向度的假設,但在反向題PN4”

依賴藥物

”(1.31)、YN26”

負面感 覺

”(1.34)不符合和PN3”

疼痛影響需要做的事

”的指標值稍微較高。

在信度的評估中,受測者潛在特質的信度指標與傳統的測量信度的 Cronbach’s alpha 相同,在自填組信度指標生理、心理、社會及環境範疇 的信度指標分別為0.68、0.6、0.61 及 0.79。在面訪組信度指標生理、心 理、社會及環境範疇的信度指標分別為0.71、0.69、0.45 及 0.71,其中 面訪組社會範疇的信度指標最差為0.45,內部一致性最好的為環境範疇 0.79。

在自填組生理範疇難度範圍為(-0.79~0.39),最難的是 PN17”

滿意從 事日常活的的能力

”(0.39),最簡單的是 PN15”

四處行動的能力

”(-0.79);

面訪組難度範圍為(-0.97~0.79),最難的是 PN16”

滿意睡眠狀況

”(0.79),

最簡單的是PN3”

疼痛是否會妨礙需要處理的事

”(-0.97),其中在自填組 之中PN4”

依賴藥物

”;在心理範疇之中,自填組難度範圍為(-0.28~0.48),

最難的YN11”

接受自己的外表

” (0.48),最簡單 YN19”

對自己滿意

(-0.28), 面訪組難度範圍為(-0.41~0.72),最難的 YN5”

享受生活

”(0.72),

最簡單YN11”

接受自己的外表

” (-0.41);在社會範疇之中,自填組難度範 圍為(-1.25~1.68),最難的 SN22”

滿意朋友給您的支持

” (1.68),最簡單 SN27”

覺得自己有面子或被尊重

” (-1.25),面訪組難度範圍為

(-1.52~1.31),最難的 SN22”

滿意朋友支持

”(1.31),最簡單 SN21”

滿意自 己的性生活

”(-1.52);在環境範疇之中,自填組難度範圍為(-1.44~0.9),

最難的EN9”

所處的環境健康嗎

” (0.9),最簡單 EN28”

想吃的食物能吃

” (-1.44),面訪組難度範圍為(-1.12~0.64),最難的 EN9”

所處的環境健 康嗎

” (0.64),最簡單 EN28”

想吃的食物能吃到

” (-1.12)

我們可以看到,兩組的困難度順序(item hierarchy)並不一致,這代表 受測者在填答試題時,面對這兩種管理模式的反應性並不同,我們評估 了兩組的難度順序與難度值看其差異。生理範疇中,PN3”

疼痛是否會妨 礙需要處理的事

”,在面訪組中顯得較簡單;心理範疇中,YN5”

享受生 活

”,自填組較簡單(題目較抽象);社會範疇中,SN21”

滿意自己的性 生活

”在面訪明顯較簡單,而 SN27”

覺得自己有面子或被尊重

”則在自填 組較簡單;環境範疇中,EN13”

方便得到生活所需資訊

”在面訪組明顯較 簡單。

圖十為自填與面訪的DIF(differential item functioning)情形,一共有 8/26 題產生DIF。生理範疇有 PN3”

身體疼痛妨礙需要處理的事

”、PN16”

滿意

自己的睡眠狀況

”,心理範疇有 YN5”

享受生活

”、YN11”

接受自己的外

”,社會範疇有 SN21”

滿意自己的性生活

”、 SN27”

覺得有面子或被尊

”,環境範疇有 EN13”

方便得到生活所需資訊

”、EN23”

滿意所住的狀

”,顯示受測者在使用自填與面訪兩種施測模式填答題目反應不穩定。

Table 11. Item difficulty, infit statistics, and personal separation reliability of each item among self-administration first group and face-to-face interview first group (arranged by item

difficulty within each domain)

Self-administration Face-to-face interview

Domains / Item Item

difficulty Infit Mean

Square Item

difficulty Infit Mean Square Physical domain Reliability: 0.68 Reliability: 0.71

PN15. Mobility -0.79 0.91 -0.44 1.02

PN4. Dependence on medication or treatment -0.59 1.31 -0.84 1.23

PN16. Sleep and rest 0.2 0.86 0.79 1.28

PN18. Working capacity 0.23 0.87 0.15 0.83

PN3. Pain and discomfort 0.27 1.29 -0.97 1.01

PN10. Energy and fatigue 0.29 0.93 0.77 0.97

PN17. Activities of daily living 0.39 0.82 0.54 0.7

Psychological domain Reliability: 0.6 Reliability: 0.7

YN19. Self-satisfaction -0.28 0.84 -0.4 0.68

YN5. Enjoyment of life -0.27 0.97 0.72 0.9

YN6. Spirituality, religion and personal beliefs -0.23 0.84 0.03 1.16 YN7. Thinking, learning, memory & concentration 0.11 1.04 0.07 1.01

YN26. Negative feeling 0.19 1.34 0 1.23

YN11. Body image and appearance 0.48 0.9 -0.41 0.94

Social domain Reliability: 0.61 Reliability: 0.45

SN27. Esteemed and respected -1.25 1.07 0.04 1.14

SN21. Sexual activity -0.5 1.05 -1.52 1.23

SN20. Personal relationship 0.07 0.96 0.17 0.82

SN22. Friends’ support 1.68 0.87 1.31 0.83

Environmental domain Reliability: 0.79 Reliability: 0.71

EN28. Eating food -1.44 1.07 -1.12 0.97

EN14. Participation & support of leisure activities -0.54 1.18 -0.63 0.96

EN12. Financial environment -0.31 0.86 0.27 0.98

EN23. Home environment -0.23 0.9 0.29 0.95

EN24. Health & social care: availability & quality 0.02 1.12 0.31 0.96 EN8. Physical safety and security 0.38 0.78 0.31 0.97

EN13. Opportunities 0.59 0.82 -0.34 0.98

EN25. Transportation 0.63 1.24 0.27 0.9

EN9. Physical environments 0.9 1.04 0.64 1.21

Table 12. Comparison of internal consistent reliability between CTT and IRT among self-administration first group and face-to-face interview first group

Self-administration Face-to-face interview Domain\mode of administrated

CTT IRT CTT IRT

Physical 0.73 0.68 0.76 0.71

Psychological 0.67 0.6 0.73 0.69

Social 0.77 0.61 0.66 0.45

Environmental 0.81 0.79 0.73 0.71

Figure10. DIF analysis among the mode of self-administration first and the mode of face-to-face interview first in each domain of WHOQOL-BREF. Self-administration

calibrations on the x axis, and face-to-face interview on the y axis. Calibrations are expressed in logits. Negative calibrations indicate easier items. Positive calibrations indicate more difficult items. An identity line is drawn through the origin, with a slope of 1. Statistical control lines (95% CI) are drawn around the identity line (dotted lines). The area between the dotted lines depicts acceptable item deviation. Items outside the control lines demonstrate DIF.

Self-administrated Self-administrated

項目反應理論分析男性在自填與面訪心理特質

表十三為男性在自填與面訪的試題難度與相關指標,其中適合度指標 (infit statistic)在 WHOQOL-BREF 的四個範疇中,在自填組有 PN3”

疼痛會妨 礙需要做的事

”(1.45)、PN4”

需要醫療應付日常生活

”(1.42)、YN26”

負面感 覺

”(1.44),都是反向題。

在男性的信度分析當中,最差的仍是在面訪組的社會範疇,信度只有 0.37。

男性生理範疇中,自填組範圍為(-0.85~0.73),最難的 PN17”

滿意從事 日常活動的能力

”( 0.73)、最簡單 PN10”

足夠的精力

” (-0.85),面訪組的範圍 (-0.86~1.13),最難的 PN17”

滿意從事日常活動的能力

”(1.13),最簡單 PN4”

需要醫療應付日常生活

” (-0.86);男性心理範疇中,自填組範圍為 (-0.41~0.7),最難 YN26”

負面感覺

”( 0.7)、最簡單 YN19”

對自己滿意

(-0.41),面訪組範圍(-0.31~0.31),最難 YN5”

享受生活

”(0.31)、最簡單 YN26”

負面感覺

” (-0.31);男性社會範疇中,自填難度範圍為(-0.99~1.35),最難 SN22”

滿意朋友支持

”、最簡單 SN27”

覺得自己有面子或被尊重

”,面訪難 度範圍為(-1.31~1.05),最難 SN20”

滿意人際關係

”(1.05)、最簡單 SN21”

滿 意自己的性生活

”(-1.31);男性在環境範疇之中,自填組難度範圍為

(-1.35~0.97),最難的 EN9”

所處的環境健康嗎

” (0.9),最簡單 EN8”

感到安全

(-1.35),面訪組難度範圍為(-1.1~0.52),最難的 EN25”

滿意交通運輸方式

(0.52),最簡單 EN28”

想吃的食物能吃到

” (-1.12)。

男性的兩組的困難度順序在生理範疇中,PN3”

疼痛會妨礙需要做的

”、PN4”

需要醫療應付日常生活

”在面訪組則明顯較簡單,心理範疇則在 YN26”

負面感受

”在面訪較簡單,社會範疇以 SN21”

滿意性生活

”明顯在面

訪組較簡單,SN20”

滿意人際關係

”則在面訪組較簡單,環境範疇 EN8”

感到 安全

”、EN25”

交通運輸方式

”在自填組較簡單,EN13”

方便得到資訊

”在面 訪組較簡單。

圖十一為在男性自填與面訪的DIF 情形,有 10/26 題有 DIF 的情況,生 理範疇有PN3”

疼痛會妨礙需要做的事

”、PN4”

需要醫療應付日常生活

”和 PN10”

足夠的精力

”;心理範疇有 YN26”

負面感受

”,而 YN5”

享受生活

”有 輕微的DIF;在社會範疇之中,SN20”

滿意人際關係

”、SN21”

滿意性生活

”;

環境範疇EN8”

感到安全

”、EN25”

交通運輸方式

”、EN12”

金錢足夠應付所

”、EN13”

方便得到資訊

”。

Table 13. Item difficulty, infit statistics, and personal separation reliability of each item among self-administration first group and face-to-face interview first group for male (arranged by item difficulty within each domain)

Self-administration Face-to-face interview  

Domains / Item Item

difficulty Infit Mean

Square Item

difficulty Infit Mean Square

Physical domain Reliability: 0.65 Reliability: 0.71

PN10. Energy and fatigue -0.85 0.92 0.22 0.93

Psychological domain Reliability: 0.63 Reliability: 0.65

YN19. Self-satisfaction -0.41 0.8 0.07 0.75

YN6. Spirituality, religion and personal beliefs -0.27 0.83 -0.08 1.31

YN5. Enjoyment of life -0.24 1 0.31 0.87

YN7. Thinking, learning, memory & concentration -0.02 0.89 -0.12 0.77

YN11. Body image and appearance 0.23 0.79 0.13 0.89

YN26. Negative feeling 0.7 1.44 -0.31 1.36

Social domain Reliability: 0.69 Reliability: 0.37

SN27. Esteemed and respected -0.99 1.35 -0.67 1.08

SN21. Sexual activity -0.24 0.95 -1.31 1.27

SN20. Personal relationship -0.11 0.76 1.05 0.92

SN22. Friends’ support 1.35 0.82 0.93 0.76

Environmental domain Reliability: 0.79 Reliability: 0.76

EN8. Physical safety and security -1.35 0.9 0.15 0.94

EN25. Transportation -0.72 1.16 -1.1 1.03

EN28. Eating food -0.18 0.73 0.17 0.94

EN23. Home environment -0.07 1.04 -0.02 0.89

EN14. Participation & support of leisure activities 0.53 1.28 0.35 1.06 EN24. Health & social care: availability & quality 0.66 0.87 -0.02 0.89

EN12. Financial environment 0.78 0.99 0.52 0.88

EN13. Opportunities 0.93 0.88 -0.48 1.09

EN9. Physical environments 0.97 1.1 0.43 1.26

Figure11. DIF analysis among the mode of self-administration first and the mode of face-to-face interview first in each domain of WHOQOL-BREF for male.

Self-administrated Self-administrated

Pain and discomfort

Negative feeling

Opportunities

項目反應理論分析女性在自填與面訪心理特質

表十四為女性在自填與面訪的試題難度與相關指標,其中適合度指標 (infit statistic)在 WHOQOL-BREF 的四個範疇中,全部題目均符合單一向度 的假設。在女性的信度分析當中,最差的仍是在社會範疇,自填與面訪信度 只有0.47 與 0.5。

在女性組試題難度上,在生理範疇中,自填組範圍為(-1~1.04),最難的 PN4”

依賴藥物

” (1.04)、最簡單 PN10”

足夠的精力

” (-1);面訪組的範圍 (-1.03~0.78),最難的 PN16”

睡眠狀況

”( 0.78),最簡單 PN3”

疼痛是否會妨礙 需要處理的事

” (-1.03);女性在心理範疇中,自填難度範圍為(-0.47~0.71),

最難YN7”

集中精神的能力

” (0.71),最簡單 YN26”

負面感覺

” (-0.47);面訪 難度範圍為(-0.48~0.37),最難 YN7”

集中精神的能力

” (0.37),最簡單 YN5”

享受生活

” (-0.48);女性社會範疇中,自填難度範圍為(-0.76~1.15),最難 SN27”

有面子或被尊重

” (1.15)、最簡單 SN22”

滿意朋友支持

” (-0.76),面訪 難度範圍為(-1.19~1.04),最難 SN22”

滿意朋友支持

”(1.04)、最簡單 SN21”

滿意自己的性生活

”(-1.19);女性在環境範疇之中,自填組難度範圍為 (-0.7~0.88),最難的 EN13”

日常生活所需資訊

” (0.9),最簡單 EN28”

想吃的 食物能吃到

” (-0.7),面訪組難度範圍為(-1.35~0.75),最難的 EN9”

所處環境 健康

” (0.75),最簡單 EN28”

想吃的食物能吃到

” (-1.35)。

難度順序上,生理範疇有PN3”

疼痛會妨礙需要做的事

”在面訪較簡單PN16”

滿意睡眠狀況

”在自填較簡單,心理範疇有 YN26”

負面感受

”和 YN5”

享受生活

”, 環境範疇 EN9”

所處環境健康

”自填較簡單、EN13”

方便 得到資訊

”、EN28”

想吃的食物能吃到

”面訪較簡單。

圖十二為在女性自填與面訪的DIF 情形,一共有 9/26 題 DIF,生理範疇有

負面感受

”在自填較簡單和 YN5”

享受生活

”在面訪較簡單;在社會範疇之

負面感受

”在自填較簡單和 YN5”

享受生活

”在面訪較簡單;在社會範疇之

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