一、中文部分
〈行政院主計處最新指標〉（2008 年 12 月）。上網日期：2009 年 2 月 18 日，取 自：行政院主計處網頁http://www.stat.gov.tw/point.asp?index=4
日青（1991）。〈台灣的女性生育控制權〉，《中國論壇》。31(6): 70-73。
王石番（1989）。《傳播內容分析法─理論與實證》。台北：幼獅。
王湘瀚（2006）。《我國師資培育之研究》。台中教育大學社會科教育學系碩士論 文。
王翠琪（1997）。《媒體反毒公共宣導訊息策略之研究》。文化大學新聞研究所碩 士論文。
江桂香（2005 年 1 月）。〈台灣女性「生育意願」大調查結果公佈〉，《嬰兒與母 親》。上網日期：2009 年 2 月 18 日，取自：
http://www.baby-life.com.tw/baby-mother.com.tw/2005/01/link-9.htm。
行政院主計處（2005a）。《國情統計通報 婦女婚育概況》。上網日期：2009 年 2 月18 日，取自：http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Data/5531617771.pdf。 行政院主計處（2005b）。《婦女婚育與就業調查報告》。上網日期：2009 年 2 月
18 日，取自：http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=8886&ctNode=3303。
行政院新聞局（2005）。〈政府鼓勵提高生育率〉，上網日期：2009 年 2 月 12 日，
取自：《2005 台灣年鑑》網頁，
http://www.gov.tw/EBOOKS/TWANNUAL/show_book.php?path=3_008_005。
行政院衛生署（2003）。《愛滋病統計報表》。上網日期：2009 年 2 月 18 日，取 自：http://www.cdc.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=11234&CtNode=1095&mp=220。
行政院衛生署（2006a）。《毒癮者的隱形殺手—C型肝炎！》。取自：
http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/SEARCH_RESULT.aspx。
行政院衛生署（2006b）。《藥物食品安全週報》，182: 3。取自：
http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/SEARCH_RESULT.aspx。
行政院衛生署疾病管制局（2004 年 6 月）。《愛滋病統計報表》。取自：
http://www.cdc.gov.tw/index1024.htm。
行政院衛生署疾病管制局（2005 年 12 月）。《毒品病患愛滋減害試辦計畫》，取
自：http://www.cdc.gov.tw/file/38743_4085069444941111 總計畫(修正版).doc。
行政院衛生署疾病管制局（2009 年 3 月）。〈國內愛滋大事紀〉，《愛滋虛擬博物 館》。取自：
http://www.cdc.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=13348&CtNode=1458&mp=220。
行政院衛生署國民健康局（2005 年 7 月）。《行政院衛生署國民健康局公開評選
「鼓勵生育衛生教育宣導策略評估」需求說明書》。
何定照、高瑟濡譯（2007）。《液態之愛－論人際紐帶的脆弱》。台北：商周。（原 書：Bauman, Z. [2003]. Liquid love: On the frailty of human bonds. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.）
吳姿嫺（2009）。《台灣人口政策論述分析 – 以聯合報與中國時報社論為例
（1959-2008 年）》。政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
李少民、陳寬政、涂肇慶（1990）。〈人口成長與經濟發展〉，《台灣大學人口學刊》， 13: 107-124。
李弘元譯／松古明彥著（2006）。《人口減少經濟時代》。台北：經濟新潮社。
李志恆（2003）。〈我國物質濫用簡史及現況〉，李志恆主編，《物質濫用》。台北：
行政院衛生署管制藥品管理局。
李棟明（1993）。《台灣地區完成緩合人口成長家庭計畫成果之評估》。台中：台 灣省家庭計畫研究所。
李棟明（1995）。《台灣地區長家庭計畫發展誌詳》。台中：台灣省家庭計畫研究 所。
林宜苗（1996）。《電視反毒廣告訊息策略之探討》。銘傳管理學院大眾傳播研究 所碩士論文。
林梅君（2008）。《台灣地區生育意願之研究：以超低生育率為例》。政治大學行 政管理碩士學程論文。
林歐貴英、郭鐘隆譯（2003）。《社會老人學》，台北：五南。（原書：Hooyman, N. R., & Kiyak, H. A. [2002]. Social gerontology: A multidisciplinary
perspective. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.）
唐佩君〈2007 年 4 月 3 日〉。〈主計處：台灣人口密度 僅次孟加拉〉，《中央社》。
上網日期：2009 年 2 月 18 日，取自
http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/7/4/3/n1666950.htm。
徐明珠（2003 年 10 月 30 日）。〈教職難求，流浪教師滿街走〉，《國政分析》。上
網日期：2009 年 2 月 12 日，取自
http://old.npf.org.tw/PUBLICATION/EC/092/EC-B-092-059.htm。
徐美苓（2001）。《愛滋病與媒體》。台北：巨流。
徐美苓、吳翠松、林文琪（2003 年 6 月）。〈愛滋陰影下的情慾規範：新聞論述 中的他⁄她者建構〉，《台灣社會研究季刊》，50: 81-143。
翁秀琪（1996）。〈消息來源策略研究 – 探討中時、聯合對婦運團體推動「民法 親屬編」修法的報導〉，《新聞學研究》，52: 121-148。
袁世忠（2006 年 7 月 4 日）。〈李遠哲 不贊成鼓勵生育〉，《自由時報》，焦點。
張毓芬（1998）。《女人與國家：台灣婦女運動史的再思考》。政治大學新聞研究 所碩士論文。
郭文華（1998）。〈美援下的衛生政策：一九六O 年代台灣家庭計畫的探討〉，《台 灣社會研究季刊》，32: 39-82。
郭振羽、羅伊菲合譯（1985）。《當代社會問題》。台北：黎明。(原書 Nisbet, R.
Contemporary social problems)
陳智華、李名揚（2006 年 7 月 4 日）。〈李遠哲：能源有限 人口少較好〉，《聯合 報》，A7：話題。
陳順孝（2008 年 7 月 7 日）。〈搶救新聞界的瀕臨物種：地方新聞〉，《阿孝札記》，
上網日期：2008 年 7 月 7 日，取自 http://www.ashaw.org/2008/07/post-5.html。
彭如仙（2000）。《反毒教育宣導訊息與在校青少年用藥之探討》。陽明大學公共 衛生研究所碩士論文。
黃久珍（1995）。《反毒宣導效果研究 -- 青少年媒介接觸、資訊評價對毒品認知、
態度的影響》。文化大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
楊靜利（2005）。〈台灣的人口問題〉，瞿海源、張苙雲主編，《台灣的社會問題 2005》。台北：巨流。
葉啟政（1984）。〈有關社會問題基本性質的初步檢討〉，楊國樞、葉啟政主編，《台 灣的社會問題》，頁7-40。台北：巨流。
廖桂賢（2007 年 12 月 11 日）。〈台灣太小，人太多〉，上網日期：2009 年 2 月 18 日，取自：《環境資訊中心》網頁 http://e-info.org.tw/node/28948。
臧國仁（1999）。《新聞媒體與消息來源—媒介框架與真實建構之論述》。台北：
三民。
趙靜瑜（2006 年 11 月 11 日）。〈AC Nielson 最新調查 自由時報第一〉，《自由時 報》，取自：http://www.libertytimes.com/2005/libertytimes.htm。
劉北成、楊遠嬰譯（2007）。《規訓與懲罰》。北京：三聯。（原書 Foucault, M.[1975].
SURVEILIER ET PUNIR. Editions Gallimard.）
潘忠黨（2006）。〈架構分析：一個亟需理論澄清的領域〉，《傳播與社會學刊》，
1: 17-46。
潘俊宏、陳喬琪（2006）。〈藥物濫用的醫療與社會問題〉，瞿海源、張苙雲主編，
《台灣的社會問題2005》，頁 472-491。台北：巨流。
蔡宏政 （2007）。〈台灣人口政策的歷史形構〉，《台灣社會學刊》。39: 66-106。
賴建都（2006）。《健康傳播行銷策略之評估研究—以鼓勵生育為例》。國民健康 局九十五年度委託科技研究發展計畫。
蘇蘅（1992）。〈新聞裡的罪與罰 – 報紙與電視新聞如何再現青少年犯罪〉，
《新聞學研究》，70: 59-96。
二、英文部分
Blumer, H. {1971). Social problems as collective behavior. Social Problems, 18, 298-306.
Brocato, J., & Wagner, E. F. (2003). Harm reduction: A social work practice model and social justice agenda. Health and Social Work, 28(2),117-125
Conard, P. (1997, May). Public eyes and private genes: Historical frames, news constructions, and social problems. Social Problems, 44(2), 139-154.
Elder, C. D., & Cobb, R. W. (1984). Agenda-building and the politics of aging. Policy Studies Journal, 13, 115-129.
Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of communication, 43(4), 51-58.
Gamson, W. A., & Modigliani, A. (1989). Media discourse and public opinion on nuclear power: A constructionist approach. American Journal of Sociology, 95(1), 1-37.
Gamson, W. A. (1992). Talking politics. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Gamson, W. A., & Lasch, K. E. (1983). The political culture of social welfare policy.
In S. E. Spiro & E. Yuchtman-Yaar (Eds.), Evaluating the welfare state:
Social and political perspectives (pp. 397-415). New York: Academic Press.
Gitlin, T. {1980). The whole world is watching: Mass media in the making and unmaking of the New Left. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Grabe, M. E. (1999). Television news magazine crime stories: A functionalist perspective. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 16, 155-171.
Graber, D. A. (1988). Processing the news. New York: Longman.
Hilgartner, S., & Bosk, C. (1988). The rise and fall of social problems: A public arenas model. American Journal of Sociology, 94, 53-78.
Ibarra, P. R., & Kitsuse, J. I. (1993). Vernacular constituents of moral discourse: An interactionist proposal for the study of social problems. In J. A. Holstein & G.
Miller (Eds.), Reconsidering social constructionism: Debates in social problems theory {pp. 25-58). New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Jacobs, K., Kemeny, J., & Manzi, T. (2003, July). Power, discursive space and institutional practices in the construction of housing problems. Housing Studies, 18(4), 429–446.
Kaniss, P. (1991).Making local news. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
Lang, K., & Lang, G. E. (1983). Watergate: An exploration of the agenda-building process. In G. C. Wilhoit & H. de Bock (Eds.), Mass communication review yearbook, 2. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Livingstone, S. M. (1990). Making sense of television: The psychology of audience interpretation. Etmsford, NY: Pergamon Press.
Loseke, D. R. (1987). Lived realities and the construction of social problems; The case of wife abuse. Symbolic Interaction, 10(2), 229-243.
Marquis, G.. (2005). From beverage to drug: Alcohol and other drugs in 1960s and 1970s Canada. Journal of Canadian Studies, 39(2), 57-79.
Mauss, A. (1975) Social problems as social movements. Philadelphia: Lippincott.
Meyer, P. (1990). News media responsiveness to public health. In C. Atkin &
L.Wallack, (Eds.), Mass communication and public health (pp. 52-59).
London: Sage.
Orcutt, J. D., & Rudy, D. R. (2003). (Eds.). Drugs, alcohol, and social problems.
Lanham, MD: Rowan and Littlefield.
Osborne, R. (1995). Crime and the media: From media studies to post-modernism. In
David Kidd-Hewitt & Richard Osborne (Eds.). Crime and the media: The post-modern spectacle (pp. 25-48). London and Chicago: Pluto Press.
Population Reference Bureau (2008). 2008 World population data sheet. Retrieved February 12, 2009 from:
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Pride, R. A. (1995). How activists and media frame social problems: Critical events versus performance trends for schools. Political Communication, 12 (1), 5-26.
Rogers, R. W. (1975). A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change. Journal of Psychology, 91, 93-114..
Severin, W. J., & Tankard, J. W. (1992). Communication theories: Origins, methods, uses. New York: Longman.
Silliman, J., Fried, M. G., Ross, L., & Gutierrez, E. R. (2007). Women of color and their struggle for reproductive justice. In S. M. Shaw & J. Lee (Eds.), Women’s voice, feminist versions: Classic and contemporary readings (pp. 345-362). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Sontag, S. (1990). Illness as metaphor and AIDS and its metaphors. New York:
Anchors Books.
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Sundar, S. S., Schooler, C., & Flora, J. (1994). Health campaign effects on
newspapers: Does media advocacy influence coverage, framing, prominence and agenda? Paper presented at the 44th annual conference of the International Communication Association, Sydney, Australia.
Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news: A study in the construction of reality. New York:
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Van Gorp, B. (2005). Where is the frame? Victims and intruders in the Belgian press coverage of the asylum issue. European Journal of Communication, 20, 485-508.
Van Gorp, B. (2007). The constructionist approach to framing: Bringing culture back in. Journal of Communication 57 (1), 60–78.
Vasterman, P. L. M. (2005). Media-hype: Self-reinforcing news waves, journalistic standards and the construction of social problems. European Journal of Communication, 20(4), 508-530.
Wallack, L., Dorfman, L., Jernigan, D., & Themba, M. (Eds.) (1993). Media advocacy and public health : Power for prevention. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Warren, S., & Brewis, J. (2004). Matter over mind? Examining the experience of pregnancy. Sociology, 38(2), 219-236.
Woolgar, S., & Pawluch, D. (1985). Ontological gerrymandering: The anatomy of social problem explanations. Social Problems, 32, 214-225.
Young, J.(1973).The myth of the drug taker in the mass media. In Cohen, S., &
Young, J. (Eds.), The manufacture of news. (2nd ed., pp. 314-322). California:
Sage.
Yuval-Davis, N. (1997). Gender and nation. London: Sage.
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(मЎ) 94th Annual Convention of the National Communication Association
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(मЎ) Risk Communication of Global Warming: Public Perceptions and Actions in Taiwan
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A Chinese Perspective on Organizational Communication Sponsor: Chinese Communication Association
Scheduled Time: Sun, Nov 23 - 3:30pm - 4:45pm Building/Room: Manchester Grand Hyatt / Cunningham C
Session Participants:
Negotiating Identity Tensions in Chinese Labor Dispute Mediation: An Exploration of Mediator Role Dialectics
*Lin-Mei Huang (Shih Hsin University)
An Investigation on Chinese Group Communication and their Decision Making in Taiwan
*Shu-Chu S. Li (National Chiao Tung Univ)
Risk Communication Strategies in the Dioxin Crises in Taiwan
*Mei-Ling Hsu (National Chengchi Univ), Bo-Cheng Han (Taipei Medical University, Taiwan), Ching-I Liu (National Chenchi University, Taiwan)
Crisis Communication and Image Restoration in the Chinese Context: A Case Study of the Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan
*Meihua Lee (National Chiao Tung Univ)
Chair: Hui-Ching Chang (University of Illinois, Chicago) Respondent: Jensen Chung (San Francisco State Univ)
Abstract:
The purpose of this panel focuses on various aspects of organizational
communication in Chinese organizations. Five communication scholars from Taiwan and the United States are invited to provide innovative viewpoints on this topic. The first three papers address the issues of communication within an organization
including leadership communication, labor dispute mediation, and group communication, and the remaining two papers explore the issues regarding
organizations’ public communication including crisis communication and risk communication.
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زǵ௲Ꮲჴ୍Бय़ޑᏢೌಔᙃǶ၀ᏢᗨЬाаऍ୯ࣁЬǴҞᏱԖ 8,800 ӜǴՠځд୯ᝤޑҭၲΒΜ୯ǶҁΓ߾ࢂԾऊΒΜԃᏢғਔжуΕ୯ ৎኞᏢǴӭԃٰഌഌុុୖу၀ᏢޑࢲǶ
ҁΓӧॊ panel ύ܌ว߄ޑፕЎǴᗨߚᗧឦԜٰྍޑӕ୯ࣽी
ฝǴՠፕЎϣᆶҁΓ߈ԃٰӧ଼நኞ௲Ꮲᆶࣴزሦୱ࣬ᜢǶၸޑว ߄ǵຑፕΓޑཀـӣ㎸ǵаϷӧᆶޣޑୢᚒගрᆶፕǴҁΓёᒏᕇؼӭǶ ԶҁΓԜԛ܌ୖуޑ NCA ԃځд panelsǴΨᡣҁΓᕇޕځдӦޑኞᏢೌ
ࣴزวୢᚒǴၲԋᏢೌᆶ௲ᏢᡍҬࢬޑҞޑǶ
Οǵࡌ
வҁΓኧВޑୖᆶǴుག୯ϣኞࣴزԖѸाவၠሦୱаϷ୯ሞϯޑف ࡋٰՉǶࡺаΠࡌЬा߾வԜفࡋගрǺ
Ȑȑӵа۳ҁΓ܌ୖᆶޑӭኞ܈ၠሦୱޑ୯ሞǴٰԾύ୯εഌޑୖ
ᆶޣВቚӭǴΨӧύתᄽ࣬ࢲ៌ޑفՅǴٰԾѠޑୖᆶޣӭឦ
ൂѺᐱରǴନΑঁձޑୖᆶᆶว߄ҞޑǴ٠คӅӕаж߄ѠࣁЬޑҞ
܄ՉǶԜຝࢂ഻ࢂኁ܈ـϘـඵǴՠऩѠᏢࣚటቚуѠᏢࣚӧ
୯ሞޑૈـࡋᆶࢲΚǴࡌ୯ϣ࣬ᜢൂՏёԵቾନΑගٮрৢ୯ሞ
ޑჴ፦ံշѦǴҭૈೕჄიᡏЬୖᆶ୯ሞӚࢲޑБਢǶNCA
҂ٰஒុख़ຎߚऍ୯ᏢޣୖᆶޑೕჄǴΨ՟ЯࣁךॺޑமϯୖᆶٰΑ ࠨᐒǶ
ȐΒȑ࣬ၨܭޗᏢᆶЈᏢޗࣽᏢሦୱǴኞᏢߐ࣬ჹԃᇸǴՠ߈ԃٰΨ य़ᖏፕᆃǴӛѦሦୱௗЍϐǶҁΓว߄ፕЎЬᚒΏவၠሦୱف ࡋрวǴҭӧፕύளډ࣬҅य़ޑӣᔈǴ٠зҁΓวుߞኞᏢ ߐරബཥᆶँઇวޑख़ा܄Ƕ
ѤǵឫӣၗӜᆀϷϣ
ҁΓԜԛୖуឫӣၗхࡴεЋнǵፕЎ܈ፕЎᄔाǵӚᜪᏢೌය тǵኞਜᝤ܈ਜൂӜнǶќǴҁΓҭၸᖼວБԄڗள܌ԖፕЎӄЎϐ ӀᅷТǶ
ϖǵʳ ว߄ޑፕЎϣ
᠘ܭ୯ࣽόӆाךॺගٮፕЎӄЎܭрৢ୯ሞЈளύǴஒ࠹᠐ ፕЎᄔाߕܭаΠǺ
ABSTRACT
In modern society, technological developments have brought in unexpected risks to human environments and consumption in which dioxin-related incidents have caused ever-increasing anxiety and uncertainty about the safety of drinking water and meat. When facing a crisis arising from the dioxin incident, public health
decision-makers have to be prepared not only for what to do but also for what to say.
Thus, strategies used in risk communication are crucial in influencing how events evolve and securing public confidence and trust. The news media oftentimes serve as a best site for us to uncover the manifestation and interplay of various claims and interpretations made by the stakeholders in communicating health-related risks.
Factors contributing to how risk communication messages are represented in the news discourse also deserve our attention.
With a hope to urge for more effective health policies and more reliable health communication related to food-borne risks such as food containing dioxin-like products, this study aims to examine: (1)What strategies have been used by various
stakeholders in the Taiwanese dioxin crises? (2) What patterns can be found in the mediated risk communication of the dioxin crises? What are the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of the patterns? And (3) How do various stakeholders of the dioxin crises perceive and misperceive their and others’ roles in the mediated risk communication?
In exploring the aforementioned research questions, the study employs two methods: (1) a content analysis of Taiwanese mainstream news coverage of the dioxin-related events, including four newspapers and two electronic media, from January, 2005 to June, 2007; and (2) in-depth personal interviews conducted in December, 2007 with three journalists involved the most in reporting the crises.
Quantitative content analysis of news coverage will be used as the main approach, while in-depth interviews will serve as complementary to the content analytic findings.
The content analysis results were also triangulated with the data obtained from in-depth interviews. By doing so, we hope to shed new lights on the indigenous understanding of health risk communication and management, both academically and practically.
Key words: dioxin, risk communication, crisis communication, news framing, news source
၁Εʳ ΒЈள
ǵʳ ୖуၸ
җܭಃΒԃीฝϐрৢ୯ሞԖᎩᚐǴӢԜҁΓନୖуॊ୯ሞ
ѦǴҭܭ 2010 ԃ 1 Д 29-31 Вୖуҗ३ෝύЎεᏢཥᆪᆶኞᏢଣᖐՉϐȨ॥
ᓀޗύϐӒᐒኞȩπբ֝Ǵୖᆶว߄ᏢޣϩձٰԾٿ۞ΟӦᆶᐞࢪǶԜԛၠ
Ўϯᆶ୯ሞ܄ޑΓኞπբ֝Ώ३ෝύεಃΟࡋᖐᒤǶЬाว߄ፕЎΐጇΏᑔ ᒧԾ߈ԭጇዺǶ
Ȩ॥ᓀޗύϐӒᐒኞȩπբ֝ᖐᒤޑྍҗӵΠǺΒΜШइࢂঁ॥ᓀѤ ҷǵӒᐒஏޑԃжǶUlrich Beck (1992)ӧځȨ॥ᓀޗȩȐRisk Society: Toward a New Modernityȑ ਜύջܴқඟҢǽࣽᏢǵࣽמǵπΏԿܭжϯ
(modernization)ϐวǴࢂೱՍȨ॥ᓀȩ(risk)ᆶȨؠᜤȩ(hazard)ޑᆬӢǶԶЪǴ ೭٤॥ᓀᆶؠᜤޑࡕ݀ϷቹៜǴคፕࢂቶࡋϷᝄख़܄ࣣߚΓᜪۈ܌ϷǴ׳ߚΓ ᜪֹӄёаڋޑǶ
ᕉҞѤ࣮Ǵжޗय़ჹӭ܄፦όޑ॥ᓀϷӒᐒǴхࡴΓαᓸΚǴྕ࠻
ਏᔈǵࢉੰၠნጭۯǵԦᆸᄄǵӄౚϯЇଆޑፂᔐǵၗᕉნቃᡂǵ໘ભፂ
ँǵ೦ᝌਸǵၰቺᆶϦߞѨᑽǵଷၗૻҌᔲǵҾϷࡹ۬ޑ߄ᆶϦයࡑ ޑᗶྎǵаԿВத܌ـޑമၗݾǵᆅѨǵౢࠔྵ౪ᆶєӣǵޣນᆶ
ँǵ೦ᝌਸǵၰቺᆶϦߞѨᑽǵଷၗૻҌᔲǵҾϷࡹ۬ޑ߄ᆶϦයࡑ ޑᗶྎǵаԿВத܌ـޑമၗݾǵᆅѨǵౢࠔྵ౪ᆶєӣǵޣນᆶ