157.5157.5 315
49050046014
60
圖 2.19 試體 3 鋼管混凝土節塊與基礎內消能鋼筋設計細部圖
圖 2.20 T 頭錠著板計算示意圖
A1 A2
Tb
fp
db
1
2
4 3 2 1 500 kN Actuator
Tie-down low-relaxation prestressing strands
2030 3300
Tendon Strain Gauge Location N
E1,E2,E3,E4
#6(T-headed ED bar) 1-3
#6(T-headed ED bar)
E1 E2 E3 E4
Footing
x l
g! ∆
1l
g∆
2!
l w
圖 2.26 橋柱斷面彎曲曲率計算示意圖
#6 ED bar Footing DSI Corrugated Duct ID 50 mm
Plastic Sleeve
#6 ED bar Footing Plastic Sleeve DSI Corrugated Duct ID 50 mm
Specimen 2 Specimen 3
Tube for cement casting
Tube for cement casting
圖 3.1 節塊內套管高壓力灌漿示意圖
A B C
A C
B
N S
圖 3.2 試體試驗時斷面標號示意圖
-200 -100 0 100 200 Lateral Displacement (mm) -300
Fixed Plastic Hinge Length Varied Plastic Hinge Length
. +
-200 -100 0 100 200
Lateral Displacement (mm) -300
Lateral Displacement (mm) -300 Fixed Plastic Hinge Length Varied Plastic Hinge Length
Lateral Displacement (mm) -300
Lateral Displacement (mm) -300 Fixed Plastic Hinge Length Varied Plastic Hinge Length
Lateral Displacement (mm) -300
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Drift (%)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
E q u iv al en t V is co u s D am p in g ( % )
Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specimen 3
( .
+
1st Test2nd Test 1st Analysis
圖 3.4 試體 1、2 與 3 系統等效阻尼比變化與側位移關係圖
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Drift (%) 2000
2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200
S tr an d F o rc e (k N )
Test Analysis
( .
Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specimen 3 +
圖 3.5 試體 1、2 與 3 鋼腱預力變化與側位移關係圖
-0.0002 -0.0001 0 0.0001 0.0002 Curvature (mm-1)
0
H ei g h t ab o v e F o o ti n g F ac e (m m )
!=
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Drift (%)
0 100 200 300 400 500
N eu tr al a x is D ep th ( m m )
TestAnalysis
Segment 1 Segment 2
圖 3.8 試體 2 節塊底部中性軸位置與側位移關係圖
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Drift (%)
0 5 10 15 20
Gap Opening (mm)
Test Analysis
( Segment 1 . Segment 2
(a) Specimen 1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Drift (%)
0 5 10 15 20
Gap Opening (mm)
Test Analysis
( Segment 1 . Segment 2
(b) Specimen 2
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Drift (%)
0 5 10 15 20
Gap Opening (mm)
Test Analysis
( Segment 1 . Segment 2
(c) Specimen 3
圖 3.9 試體 1、2 與 3 節塊裂縫與側位移關係圖
-0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Lateral Force (kN)
Lateral Force (kN)
(a) E1 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (1-1) (b) E1 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (1-2)
Lateral Force (kN)
Lateral Force (kN)
(c) E1 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (1-3) (b) E2 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (2-1)
Lateral Force (kN)
Lateral Force (kN)
(e) E2 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (2-2) (f) E2 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (2-3)
Lateral Force (kN)
Lateral Force (kN)
(g) E3 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (3-2) (h) E3 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (3-3)
-1 0 1 2 3
Lateral Force (kN)
Lateral Force (kN)
(i) E4 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (4-1) (j) E4 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (4-2)
Lateral Force (kN)
Lateral Force (kN)
(k) E4 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (4-3) (l) E4 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (T4)
0 100 200 300 400 Strain Gauge Posion (mm) 0 Strain Gauge Posion (mm) 0
#6(T-headed ED bar) 1-3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Strain (%) ( Calculated from Gap Opening . Strain Gauge
+ Analysis
Strain (%) ( Calculated from Gap Opening . Strain Gauge
+ Analysis
( Calculated from Gap Opening . Strain Gauge
+ Analysis
( Calculated from Gap Opening . Strain Gauge + Analysis
( Calculated from Gap Opening . Strain Gauge
+ Analysis
( Calculated from Gap Opening . Strain Gauge
+ Analysis
(e) E1 受拉應變與負向側位移關係 (f) E3 受拉應變與負向側位移關係
圖 3.11 試體 2 各消能鋼筋拉應變與側位移的關係圖
Lui
(a) Unbonded region of bar
ε
S tr ai n
ε
S tr ai n
Lui
Lui
(b) True strain distribution
(c) Idealized strain distribution
Bonded Length Bonded Length
Lua Lua
Area = ε*Lua
Area = ε*Lua
Concrete
ED Bar
(Raynor 2002)
圖 3.12 等效無握裹長度示意圖(Bond-slip 行為)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Drift (%)
0 2 4 6 8 10
L u a / d b
+Specimen 2 .Specimen 3
圖 3.13 試體 2 與 3 等效無握裹長度與側位移關係圖
0 4000 8000 12000
History Number -1
0 1 2 3
Strain (%)
0.9%1.5% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%
0 4000 8000 12000
History Number -1
0 1 2 3
Strain (%)
0.9%1.5% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%
(a) Strain Gauge (4-1) (b) Strain Gauge (4-2)
0 4000 8000 12000
History Number -1
0 1 2 3
Strain (%)
0.9%1.5% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%
(c) Strain Gauge (4-3)
圖 3.14 試體 2 消能鋼筋 E4 應變與歷時關係圖
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 Histrory Number
0 4000 8000 12000
Histrory Number
-0.00015 0 0.00015 Curvature (mm-1) 0
-0.00015 0 0.00015 Curvature (mm-1) 0
-0.00015 0 0.00015 Curvature (mm-1) 0
-0.00015 0 0.00015 Curvature (mm-1) 0
-0.00015 0 0.00015 Curvature (mm-1) 0
-0.00015 0 0.00015 Curvature (mm-1) 0
-0.00015 0 0.00015 Curvature (mm-1) 0
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Drift (%)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
P la st ic H in g e R eg io n ( m m )
.Lpr1b4Lpr1t +Lpr2b (Lpr2t Segment 1
Segment 2
Footing Lpr2t Lpr2b Lpr1t
Lpr1b
圖 3.18 試體 2 塑鉸範圍與側位移關係圖
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Drift (%)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
P la st ic H in g e L en g th ( m m )
(Lp1.Lp2 Specimen 1
Specimen 2 Specimen 3
圖 3.19 試體 1、2 與 3 塑鉸長度與側位移關係圖
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 Drift (%)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
L at er al D is p la ce m en t R at io
.p2 / .total .p1 / .total .e / .total
(a) 試體 2 分析與實驗各側位移的比例關係
0.9 2 4 6
Drift (%) 0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
L at er al D is p la ce m en t R at io
.p2 / .total .p1 / .total .e / .total
(b) 試體 1、2 與 3 實驗各側位移的比例關係
圖 3.20 各側位移的比例關係圖
-0.04 0 0.04 0.08 0.12
Actuator Force (kN)
-0.04 0 0.04 0.08 0.12
Actuator Force (kN)
(a) Strain Gauge (S1) (b) Strain Gauge (S2)
Actuator Force (kN)
-0.04 0 0.04 0.08 0.12
Actuator Force (kN)
(c) Strain Gauge (S3) (d) Strain Gauge (S4)
Actuator Force (kN)
(e) Strain Gauge (S5)
Actuator Force (kN)
-0.04 0 0.04 0.08 0.12
Actuator Force (kN)
(f) Strain Gauge (S7) (g) Strain Gauge (S8)
-0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Strain (%)
-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300
Actuator Force (kN)
-0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Strain (%)
-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300
Actuator Force (kN)
(h) Strain Gauge (S9) (i) Strain Gauge (S10)
-0.04 0 0.04 0.08 0.12
Strain (%) -300
-200 -100 0 100 200 300
Actuator Force (kN)
-0.04 0 0.04 0.08 0.12
Strain (%) -300
-200 -100 0 100 200 300
Actuator Force (kN)
(j) Strain Gauge (S11) (k) Strain Gauge (S12)
圖 3.21 試體 2 油壓致動器水平側向力與鋼套管環向應變關係圖
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
H ei g h t ab o v e F o o ti n g F ac e (m m )
!=
H ei g h t ab o v e F o o ti n g F ac e (m m )
!=
-0.0002 -0.0001 0 0.0001 0.0002 Curvature (mm-1)
0
H ei g h t ab o v e F o o ti n g F ac e (m m )
!=
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Drift (%)
0 100 200 300 400 500
N eu tr al a x is D ep th ( m m )
TestAnalysis
Segment 1 Segment 2
圖 3.25 試體 3 節塊底部中性軸位置與側位移關係圖
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6
Lateral Force (kN)
Lateral Force (kN)
(a) E1 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (1-1) (b) E1 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (1-3)
Lateral Force (kN)
Lateral Force (kN)
(c) E2 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (2-1) (d) E2 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (2-2)
Lateral Force (kN)
Lateral Force (kN)
(e) E3 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (2-3) (f) E3 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (3-1)
Lateral Force (kN)
Lateral Force (kN)
(g) E4 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (3-2) (h) E4 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (4-2)
-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6
Lateral Force (kN)
Lateral Force (kN)
(i) E4 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (4-3) (j) E4 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (T4-1)
Lateral Force (kN)
Lateral Force (kN)
(k) E4 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (T4-2) (l) E4 Steel Bar Strain Gauge (T4-3)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 Strain Gauge Posion (mm) 0 Strain Gauge Posion (mm) 0
#6(T-headed ED bar)
E1 E2 E3 E4
Strain (%) ( Calculated from Gap Opening . Strain Gauge
+ Analysis
( Calculated from Gap Opening . Strain Gauge
+ Analysis
( Calculated from Gap Opening . Strain Gauge
+ Analysis
( Calculated from Gap Opening . Strain Gauge + Analysis
( Calculated from Gap Opening . Strain Gauge
+ Analysis
( Calculated from Gap Opening . Strain Gauge
+ Analysis
(e) E1 受拉應變與負向側位移關係 (f) 3 受拉應變與負向側位移關係
圖 3.27 試體 3 各消能鋼筋拉應變與側位移的關係圖
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 Drift (%)
0 150 300 450 600
Moment (kN-m)
( Summation . ED Bar
Test Analysis
圖 3.28 試體 3 第二節面橋柱系統彎矩、消能鋼筋彎矩與側位移關係圖
-0.00025 0 0.00025 Curvature (mm-1) 0
-0.00025 0 0.00025 Curvature (mm-1) 0
-0.00025 0 0.00025 Curvature (mm-1) 0
-0.00025 0 0.00025 Curvature (mm-1) 0
-0.00025 0 0.00025 Curvature (mm-1) 0
-0.00025 0 0.00025 Curvature (mm-1) 0
-0.00025 0 0.00025 Curvature (mm-1) 0
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Drift (%)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
P la st ic H in g e R eg io n ( m m )
.Lpr1b4Lpr1t +Lpr2b (Lpr2t Segment 1
Segment 2
Footing Lpr2t
Lpr2b Lpr1t
Lpr1b
圖 3.30 試體 3 塑鉸範圍與側位移關係圖
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5 6
Drift (%) 0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
L at er al D is p la ce m en t R at io
.p2 / .total .p1 / .total .e / .total
圖 3.31 試體 3 分析與實驗各側位移的比例關係圖
-0.4 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6
Actuator Force (kN)
-0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Actuator Force (kN)
(a) Strain Gauge (S1) (b) Strain Gauge (S2)
Actuator Force (kN)
-0.04 0 0.04 0.08 0.12
Actuator Force (kN)
(c) Strain Gauge (S3) (d) Strain Gauge (S4)
Actuator Force (kN)
-0.4 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6
Actuator Force (kN)
(e) Strain Gauge (S5) (f) Strain Gauge (S7)
Actuator Force (kN)
-0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
Actuator Force (kN)
(g) Strain Gauge (S8) (h) Strain Gauge (S9) 圖 3.32 試體 3 油壓致動器水平側向力與鋼套管環向應變關係圖
0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6
H ei g h t ab o v e F o o ti n g F ac e (m m )
!=
H ei g h t ab o v e F o o ti n g F ac e (m m )
!=
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
10 11 12
13 14
15 18
17
16 19
20
21 24
23
22
25 26
36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27
Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4 Load Stub
Lateral Force
Prestressing Force
圖 4.1 PISD 3D 模型示意圖
-2 0 2 4
Strain (%) -80
-60 -40 -20 0 20
Stress (MPa)
Mander Model Degrading Model
(a) 混凝土斷面 50 等分 (b) 混凝土應力與應變關係(Cyclic)
#6 ED Bar
-1 0 1 2 3
Strain (%) -400
-200 0 200 400
Stress (MPa)
(c) ED Bar 位置 (d) ED Bar Material Behavior
Bar
σ
ε Fyt
Fyt=S1
(e) 壓力筋位置 (f) Stiffness Degrading Factor
σ
ε FMAX
FNEW=FMAX=S2
σ
ε FMAX
FNEW
UMAX
UMAX=S3
(g)Strength Deterioration Factor (h) Pinching Factor 圖 4.2 模型材料性質示意圖
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 Lateral Displacement (mm)
-300
L at er al F o rc e (k N )
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
Lateral Displacement (mm) 0
100 200 300
Lateral Force (kN)
. Test
Strand Force (kN)
. Test
Gap Opening (mm)
Test Model
.Segment 1 +Segment 2
(d) Gap Opening
-200 -100 0 100 200 Lateral Displacement (mm) -300
Lateral Displacement (mm) -300 Lateral Displacement (mm) -300
Lateral Force (kN)
Test Model
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 Lateral Displacement (mm) -300
Lateral Force (kN)
Test Model
(g) Drift 0.9% (h) Drift 2.0%
-120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120 Lateral Displacement (mm) -300
Lateral Force (kN)
Test Model
-200 -100 0 100 200
Lateral Displacement (mm) -300
Lateral Force (kN)
Test
Equivalent Viscous Damping (%) TestAnalysis + Specimen 1
( Specimen 2 . Specimen 3
(k) Equivalent Damping 圖 4.3 試體 1 實驗與分析比較
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 Lateral Displacement (mm)
-300
L at er al F o rc e (k N )
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
Lateral Displacement (mm) 0
100 200 300
Lateral Force (kN)
. Test
Strand Force (kN)
. Test
Gap Opening (mm)
.Segment 1
-200 -100 0 100 200 Lateral Displacement (mm) -300
Lateral Displacement (mm) -300 Lateral Displacement (mm) -300
Lateral Force (kN)
Test Model Model (1db)
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 Lateral Displacement (mm) -300
Lateral Force (kN)
Test Model Model (1db)
(h) Drift 0.9% (i) Drift 2.0%
-120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120 Lateral Displacement (mm) -300
Lateral Force (kN)
Test Model Model (1db)
-200 -100 0 100 200
Lateral Displacement (mm) -300
Lateral Force (kN)
Test
Normalized Force (F/Fy)
Normalized Force (F/Fy)
(l) E1 ED Bar (m) E2 ED Bar
圖 4.4 試體 2 實驗與分析比較
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 Lateral Displacement (mm)
-300
L at er al F o rc e (k N )
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
Lateral Displacement (mm) 0
100 200 300
Lateral Force (kN)
. Test
Strand Force (kN)
. Test
Gap Opening (mm)
Test
-200 -100 0 100 200 Lateral Displacement (mm) -300
Lateral Displacement (mm) -300 Lateral Displacement (mm) -300
Lateral Force (kN)
Test Model Model (1db)
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 Lateral Displacement (mm) -300
Lateral Force (kN)
Test Model Model (1db)
(h) Drift 0.9% (i) Drift 2.0%
-120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120 Lateral Displacement (mm) -300
Lateral Force (kN)
Test Model Model (1db)
-200 -100 0 100 200
Lateral Displacement (mm) -300
Lateral Force (kN)
Test
Normalized Force (F/Fy)
Normalized Force (F/Fy)
(j) E1 ED Bar (k) E4 ED Bar
圖 4.5 試體 3 實驗與分析比較
-200 -100 0 100 200 Lateral Displacement (mm) -400
Lateral Displacement (mm) -400
Lateral Displacement (mm) -400
Lateral Displacement (mm) -400
Lateral Displacement (mm) -400
Lateral Displacement (mm) -400
Lateral Displacement (mm) -400
Lateral Displacement (mm) -400
圖 4.6 Models 3、4、5、6、15、16、17、18 水平側向力與側位移關係圖
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Drift (%)
0 4 8 12 16
Equivalent Viscous Damping (%) .ρ=0.66%+ρ=1.2%
(ρ=1.8%
$ρ=2.4%
0.25fc'Ac 0.35fc'Ac
(a) Models 3、4、5、6、15、16、17、18
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Drift (%) 0
4 8 12 16
Equivalent Viscous Damping (%) .ρ=0.66%+ρ=1.2%
(ρ=1.8%
$ρ=2.4%
0.25fc'Ac 0.35fc'Ac
(b) Models 7、8、9、10、19、20、21、22
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Drift (%) 0
4 8 12 16
Equivalent Viscous Damping (%) .ρ=0.66%+ρ=1.2%
(ρ=1.8%
$ρ=2.4%
0.25fc'Ac 0.35fc'Ac
(c) Models 11、12、13、14、23、24、25、26
圖 4.7 各模型系統等效阻尼比關係圖
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Drift (%)
0 5 10 15 20 25
G ap O p en in g ( m m )
"Model 3 .Model 4 +Model 5
>Model 6 4Model 15 (Model 16
$Model 17
?Model 18
Segment 1 Segment 2
(a) Models 3、4、5、6、15、16、17、18
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Drift (%) 0
4 8 12 16 20
G ap O p en in g ( m m )
"Model 7 .Model 8 +Model 9
>Model 10 4Model 19 (Model 20
$Model 21
?Model 22
Segment 1 Segment 2
(b) Models 7、8、9、10、19、20、21、22
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Drift (%)
0 10 20 30 40 50
G ap O p en in g ( m m )
"Model 11 .Model 12 +Model 13
>Model 14 4Model 23 (Model 24
$Model 25
?Model 26
Segment 1 Segment 2
(c) Models 11、12、13、14、23、24、25、26
圖 4.8 預力量與鋼筋量的改變對於節塊打開量影響之關係圖
-400 -200 0 200 400 Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
圖 4.9 Models 7、8、9、10、19、20、21、22 水平側向力與側位移關係圖
-400 -200 0 200 400 Lateral Displacement (mm) -1500
Lateral Displacement (mm) -1500
Lateral Displacement (mm) -1500
Lateral Displacement (mm) -1500
Lateral Displacement (mm) -1500
Lateral Displacement (mm) -1500
Lateral Displacement (mm) -1500
Lateral Displacement (mm) -1500
圖 4.10 Models 11、12、13、14、23、24、25、26 水平側向力與側位移關係 圖
0.9 2 4 6 Drift (%)
0 25 50 75 100 125 150
R at io ( % )
ED Bars Strands Concrete
416 421 455 483 494 516 580 642 548 575 650 715 571 611 678 745
(a) Models 3、4、5、6
0.9 2 4 6
Drift (%) 0
25 50 75 100 125 150
R at io ( % )
ED Bars Strands Concrete
520 546 575 600 608 643 696 737 657 698 760 813 669 713 773 796
(b) Models 15、16、17、18
0.9 2 4 6 Drift (%)
0 25 50 75 100 125 150
R at io ( % )
ED Bars Strands Concrete
358 386 418 445 464 509 557 595 526 603 652 711 553 650 697 760
(c) Models 7、8、9、10
0.9 2 4 6
Drift (%) 0
25 50 75 100 125 150
R at io ( % )
ED Bars Strands Concrete
444 455 485 510 585 605 649 682 653 716 796 857 670 759 847 913
(d) Models 19、20、21、22
0.9 2 4 6 Drift (%)
0 25 50 75 100 125 150
R at io ( % )
ED Bars Strands Concrete
3373 3676 3896 4191 4106 4583 4990 5493 4266 4791 5242 5827 4279 4853 5323 5929
(e) Models 11、12、13、14
0.9 2 4 6
Drift (%) 0
25 50 75 100 125 150
R at io ( % )
ED Bars Strands Concrete
3976 4128 4503 4695 4919 5380 5698 6016 5066 5650 5973 6418 5028 5717 5997 6438
(f) Models 23、24、25、26
圖 4.11 各模型彎矩比例分佈與消能鋼筋面積比之關係圖
6 8 10 12 14 16 Equivalent Viscous Damping (%)
5
Equivalent Viscous Damping (%) 5
6 8 10 12 14 16 Equivalent Viscous Damping (%)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
R es id u al D ef o rm at io n ( % )
3 4
5
7
8
9
11 12
13
15
16 17
23 19 20 24 2125
6 10
14
18
26 22 . ρ=0.66%
+ ρ=1.20%
( ρ=1.80%
$ ρ=2.40%
圖 4.13 各模型殘餘變形與系統等效組尼比之關係圖
Md5
Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5
(a) Model 7
Md3
Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5
(b) Model 27
圖 4.14 Models 7、27 節塊斷面彎矩需求示意圖
-400 -200 0 200 400 Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
-100 0 100 200
Lateral Force (kN)
-400 -200 0 200 400
Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
-100 0 100 200
Lateral Force (kN)
(a) Model 7 (b) Model 27