1. Produced apex of antennal segment II without seta; posteromarginal craspeda irregular serrated ...africanus -- Produced apex of antennal segment II with one seta; posteromarginal craspeda not serrated
... 2 2. Forewing lower vein with 5 setae; abdominal tergites I-VI without wavy striae
... menicatus -- Forewing lower vein with 3 setae; abdominal tergites I-VI with wavy striae
... mexicanus
hripidae
Chirothrips africanus Priesner
(Figs. 51A, B, E, H) Chirothrips africanus Priesner, 1932a: 46, 47.Female body length 1.5 mm on slide. Brown; antennae brown, segment III paler; forewings grayish brown; legs brown, tarsi yellow.
Small head with short cheeks, ocelli situated on posterior half of head; vertex with 3 pairs of short setae; maxillary palpi 3-segmented; labial palpi 2-segmented. Antennae 8-segmented, segment I large, II produced at outer apex, without seta on projection, III – V rounded, simple sense cone on III and IV.
Prothorax trapezoidal, pronotum with dense transverse striae, setae short, posterior angular each with 2 longer setae. Anterior margin of mesosternum with about 30 short setae. Forewing upper vein with 5-7 basal setae and 2 distal setae, lower vein 3 setae, unevenly arranged;
posterior fringe wavy. Legs with transverse striae, fore femora enlarged, tibia short, tarsi 2-segmented.
Abdominal tergites with transverse striae, posterior marginal membrane (craspeda) serrated, sternites II-VI with posterior serrates. VIII without posterior comb, tergite X split incompletely;
sternites without discal setae.
Male similar to female but smaller and paler. Forewing reduced to wing pad, without ocelli.
Sternites III-VII with small glandular area.
Distribution: Taiwan, India, Cyprus, Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia.
Habitat: Cynodon dactylon, Eragrostis bipinnata, Panicum turgidum, Imperata cylindrical, Sorghum vulgare, Cyperus sp., Cladium mariscus, Medicago sativa, Miscanthus sp.
Remarks: Kudo (1974) collected one specimen from Taiwan and take it <tentatively> as this species. The existence of this species need to be confirmed with more collections.
Genus Chirothrips Haliday
Chirothrips Haliday, 1836: 444. Type species: Thrips (Chirothrips) manicata Haliday, 1836.
Head small, compound eyes prominent. Antennae 8-segmented, short and broad, segment I broad, II produced at outer apex, III with simple sense cone, IV with simple or forked sense cone. Prothorax trapezoidal. Posterior angular of pronotum each with 2 long setae. Female macropterous, forewing vein setae arranged unevenly. Fore femora enlarged. Male brachypterous or apterous. About 40 species worldwide.
Key to species of Chirothrips in Taiwan
1. Produced apex of antennal segment II without seta; posteromarginal craspeda irregular serrated ...africanus -- Produced apex of antennal segment II with one seta; posteromarginal craspeda not serrated
... 2 2. Forewing lower vein with 5 setae; abdominal tergites I-VI without wavy striae
... menicatus -- Forewing lower vein with 3 setae; abdominal tergites I-VI with wavy striae
... mexicanus
hripidae
Chirothrips mexicanus D. L. Crawford
(Figs. 51A, D, G, J) Chirothrips mexicanus D. L. Crawford, 1909: 114.Female body length 1.2-1.5 mm on slide. Brown, abdomen paler, tergites II-VIII yellow or light brown, tergites IX and X brown; antennae brown, segment I dark brown, II yellow; forewings grayish brown; legs brown, tarsi yellow.
Small head with short cheeks, ocelli situated on posterior half of head; vertex with 3 pairs of short setae; maxillary palpi 3-segmented; labial palpi 2-segmented. Antennae 8-segmented, segment I large, II produced at outer apex, with one seta on projection, III – V rounded, simple sense cone on III and IV.
Prothorax trapezoidal, pronotum with dense transverse striae, setae short, posterior angular each with 2 longer setae. Anterior margin of mesosternum with more than 50 short setae.
Forewing upper vein with 6-7 basal setae and 2 distal setae, lower vein 3 setae, unevenly arranged; posterior fringe wavy. Legs with transverse striae, fore femora enlarged, tibia short and outer apex produced to exceed 1st segment of tarsi, tarsi 2-segmented.
Abdominal tergites with transverse striae; tergites I-VI and sternites II-V with anterior marginal scallops; tergite VIII without posterior comb; tergite X split completely. Sternites without discal setae.
Male similar to female but smaller and paler. Forewing reduced to wing pad, without ocelli.
Sternites II-VII with rounded glandular area.
Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Habitat: Digitaria viclascens, Chloris barbata, Cenchrus calyculatus, Brassica sp., Brachiaria mutica, Mussaenda taiwaniana, Solanum nigrum, Pueraria Montana, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Zea mays.
Chirothrips manicatus (Haliday)
(Figs. 51A, C, F, I) Timothy thripsThrips manicatus Haliday, 1836: 444.
Thrips longipennis; Burmeister, 1838: 413.
Chirothrips longipennis (Burmeister): Amyot & Serville, 1843: 2.
Chirothrips takahashii Moulton, 1928a: 289, 324.
Chirothrips ambulans Bagnall, 1932b: 185.
Chirothrips laingi Bagnall, 1932b: 185.
Chirothrips bagnalli Hood, 1938: 162.
Female body length 0.8-0.9 mm on slide. Brown, abdomen paler; antennae brown, segment I darker; forewings grayish brown; legs brown.
Small head with short cheeks, ocelli situated on posterior half of head; vertex with 2-3 pairs of short setae; maxillary palpi 3-segmented; labial palpi 2-segmented. Antennae 8-segmented, segment II produced at outer apex, with one seta on projection, III – V rounded, simple sense cone on III and IV.
Prothorax trapezoidal, pronotum with dense transverse striae, setae short, posterior angular each with 2 longer setae. Anterior margin of mesosternum with about 16 short setae. Forewing upper vein with 6-7 basal setae and 2 distal setae, lower vein 5 setae, unevenly arranged; posterior fringe wavy.
Legs with transverse striae, fore femora enlarged, tibia short, tarsi 2-segmented.
Abdominal tergites with similar transverse striae; tergite VIII without posterior comb; tergite X split completely. Sternites I-VI with posterior serrates; sternites without microtrichia or discal setae.
Male similar to female but smaller and paler. Forewing reduced to wing pad, without ocelli.
Sternites II-VII with elliptical glandular area.
Distribution: Taiwan, North America, Islands of West Indies, Europe, Japan, Hawaii, Australia, New Zealand.
Habitat: Various grasses such as Miscauthus sp.
hripidae
Chirothrips mexicanus D. L. Crawford
(Figs. 51A, D, G, J) Chirothrips mexicanus D. L. Crawford, 1909: 114.Female body length 1.2-1.5 mm on slide. Brown, abdomen paler, tergites II-VIII yellow or light brown, tergites IX and X brown; antennae brown, segment I dark brown, II yellow; forewings grayish brown; legs brown, tarsi yellow.
Small head with short cheeks, ocelli situated on posterior half of head; vertex with 3 pairs of short setae; maxillary palpi 3-segmented; labial palpi 2-segmented. Antennae 8-segmented, segment I large, II produced at outer apex, with one seta on projection, III – V rounded, simple sense cone on III and IV.
Prothorax trapezoidal, pronotum with dense transverse striae, setae short, posterior angular each with 2 longer setae. Anterior margin of mesosternum with more than 50 short setae.
Forewing upper vein with 6-7 basal setae and 2 distal setae, lower vein 3 setae, unevenly arranged; posterior fringe wavy. Legs with transverse striae, fore femora enlarged, tibia short and outer apex produced to exceed 1st segment of tarsi, tarsi 2-segmented.
Abdominal tergites with transverse striae; tergites I-VI and sternites II-V with anterior marginal scallops; tergite VIII without posterior comb; tergite X split completely. Sternites without discal setae.
Male similar to female but smaller and paler. Forewing reduced to wing pad, without ocelli.
Sternites II-VII with rounded glandular area.
Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
Habitat: Digitaria viclascens, Chloris barbata, Cenchrus calyculatus, Brassica sp., Brachiaria mutica, Mussaenda taiwaniana, Solanum nigrum, Pueraria Montana, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Zea mays.
Chirothrips manicatus (Haliday)
(Figs. 51A, C, F, I) Timothy thripsThrips manicatus Haliday, 1836: 444.
Thrips longipennis; Burmeister, 1838: 413.
Chirothrips longipennis (Burmeister): Amyot & Serville, 1843: 2.
Chirothrips takahashii Moulton, 1928a: 289, 324.
Chirothrips ambulans Bagnall, 1932b: 185.
Chirothrips laingi Bagnall, 1932b: 185.
Chirothrips bagnalli Hood, 1938: 162.
Female body length 0.8-0.9 mm on slide. Brown, abdomen paler; antennae brown, segment I darker; forewings grayish brown; legs brown.
Small head with short cheeks, ocelli situated on posterior half of head; vertex with 2-3 pairs of short setae; maxillary palpi 3-segmented; labial palpi 2-segmented. Antennae 8-segmented, segment II produced at outer apex, with one seta on projection, III – V rounded, simple sense cone on III and IV.
Prothorax trapezoidal, pronotum with dense transverse striae, setae short, posterior angular each with 2 longer setae. Anterior margin of mesosternum with about 16 short setae. Forewing upper vein with 6-7 basal setae and 2 distal setae, lower vein 5 setae, unevenly arranged; posterior fringe wavy.
Legs with transverse striae, fore femora enlarged, tibia short, tarsi 2-segmented.
Abdominal tergites with similar transverse striae; tergite VIII without posterior comb; tergite X split completely. Sternites I-VI with posterior serrates; sternites without microtrichia or discal setae.
Male similar to female but smaller and paler. Forewing reduced to wing pad, without ocelli.
Sternites II-VII with elliptical glandular area.
Distribution: Taiwan, North America, Islands of West Indies, Europe, Japan, Hawaii, Australia, New Zealand.
Habitat: Various grasses such as Miscauthus sp.
hripidae