4. Smangus Case Study
4.7. Smangus Perception of Benefit Distribution from Tourism
4.7. Smangus Perception of Benefit Distribution from Tourism
It was mentioned in the theoretical framework that most studies stress the importance of equitable distribution benefits. There are different ways to distribute incomes and benefits from CBT though the community, and this is very difficult to measure accurately. Perception of benefit distribution, or satisfaction with the benefit distribution, is something that is easier to measure. This research refers to the later, perception of distribution of benefits from tourism. It is important to remember that as mentioned above, members of Tnunan receive the same salary, whether it is the chief, the community elders, or young people – the salary is distributed in the same way.
In the questionnaire, it was stressed that “benefit” refers to a range of benefits (economic benefit, social benefit, cultural benefit, etc.) and not only the economic benefit. The first part included statements regarding the distribution of benefits, of which the mean shows the villages slightly disagree with the statement that “only some community members benefit from tourism” (mean of 2.44 on a Likert scale). The villagers agree with the statements: “all community members enjoy from the benefits of tourism in Smangus” (mean of 4.25), “benefits from tourism are distributed as it should be” (mean of 4.18), and slightly agree that “community members that do not take part in the tourism industry also get financial benefits from tourism” (mean of 3.57).
In regards to social circles of the tourism benefit, we see that most respondents agree that tourism brings much benefit to each respondents (67%), people in the immediate family (69%), people in the larger family (62%), the whole community (84%), and Taiwan as a whole (68%) (See figure 26).
Table 12: Tourism benefit distrbution statements (Smangus)
Statement Mean Min Max
Only some community members benefit from tourism 2.44 1 5 All community members enjoy from the benefits of tourism in
Smangus
4.25 3 5
Community members that do not take part in the tourism industry also get financial benefits from tourism
3.57 1 5
Benefits from tourism are distributed as it should be 4.18 3 5
Not everyone needs to be involved in tourism 2.93 1 4
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Figure 26: Perceived sharing of benefit (Smangus)
When asked directly about the satisfaction with benefits, 89% are satisfied with the economic benefits received from tourism in relation to effort (of which 31% are strongly satisfied), with 11%
neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, and none dissatisfied. In regards to satisfaction with the social benefits received from tourism in relation to effort, 80% are satisfied (32% strongly satisfied), and 20% neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. As for satisfaction with cultural benefits received from tourism in relation to effort, 80% are satisfied (32% strongly satisfied), 16% neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, and only 4% dissatisfied (see charts 27, 28, and 29, respectively).
Answering the question about satisfaction with the current distribution of tourism benefit, we see that none are dissatisfied. 87% are satisfied (of which 39% strongly satisfied) with 13% neither satisfied nor dissatisfied (see chart 30).
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Taiwan as a whole Atayal People Your whole community Your larger family People in your immediate family You personally
How much benefit does tourism bring to:
A lot Some Very little
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Figure 27: Satisfaction with the economic benefits received from tourism in relation effort (Smangus)
Figure 28: Satisfaction with the social benefits received from tourism in relation effort (Smangus) 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Strongly dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neither satisfied nor
dissatisfied Satisfied Strongly Satisfied
Satisfaction with the economic benefits received from tourism in relation effort (4.19)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Strongly dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neither satisfied nor
dissatisfied Satisfied Strongly Satisfied
Satisfaction with the social benefits received from tourism in relation effort (4.12)
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Figure 29: Satisfaction with the cultural benefits received from tourism in relation effort (Smangus)
Figure 30: Satisfaction with current distribution of tourism benefits (Smangus) 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Strongly dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neither satisfied nor
dissatisfied Satisfied Strongly Satisfied
Satisfaction with the cultural benefits received from tourism in relation effort (4.08)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Strongly dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neither satisfied nor
dissatisfied Satisfied Strongly Satisfied
Satisfaction with current distribution of tourism benefits (4.26)
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4.8. Impact of Perceived Benefit Distribution on Tourism CPR Satisfaction
4.8.1. Impact of Perceived benefit distribution, Participation in tourism and CPR management participation on CPR management satisfaction
After the six sub questions have been answered, it is time to address the main research question:
How the perception of benefit distribution from Community Based Tourism affects the satisfaction with the way the Tourism CPR is managed in Atayal communities?
The impact of perceived benefit distribution, participation in tourism and CPR management participation on CPR satisfaction, are looked at based on the analysis of results from the questionnaires. For this, a multiple linear regression model was built, to identify the impact of perceived benefit distribution, participation in tourism and CPR. The model was statistically insignificant, F(3, 18) = .92, p > .05, which indicated that CPR satisfaction has no impact from the perceived benefit distribution, participation in tourism or CPR management participation.
In Smangus case study, perceived benefit distribution, participation in tourism or CPR management participation has no significant effect in decreasing or increasing the satisfaction level of the management of the Tourism CPR.
Table 13: Regression ANOVA (Smangus)
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Regression .972 3 .324 .924 .453
Residual 5.255 15 .350
Total 6.227 18
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Table 14: Model coefficients (Smangus)
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients
t Sig.
Collinearity Statistics
𝛽𝛽 Std. Error 𝛽𝛽 Tolerance VIF
(Constant) 2.33 1.128 2.064 .057
Perceived benefit distribution .52 .318 .47 1.627 .125 .677 1.477
Participation in tourism -.01 .018 -.11 -.426 .676 .887 1.127
CPR management participation -.22 .407 -.15 -.542 .595 .740 1.351
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4.8.2. Correlations between CPR satisfaction, perceived benefit distribution and CPR management participation
Since the model was statistically insignificant, with no clear indication of CPR management satisfaction impact from perceived benefit distribution, participation in tourism or CPR management participation, it is necessary to examine correlation between CPR management satisfaction, perceived benefit distribution, and CPR management participation.
Participation in tourism and perceived benefit distribution, r = .318, p > .05, and CPR management participation and participation in tourism, r = -.075, p > .05 have no significant correlation.
However, a significant positive correlation exists between CPR management participation and perceived benefit distribution, r = .479, p < .05. Although this correlation is not strong, it is statistically significant to refer to it as a correlation. In simple words, an increase in CPR management participation would result in an increase satisfaction with benefit distribution.
Table 15: Correlations between CPR satisfaction, perceived benefit distribution and CPR management participation (Smangus)
Variable Participation
in tourism
Pearson Correlation 1 .479*
Sig. (2-tailed) .033
N 20
CPR management participation
Pearson Correlation 1
Sig. (2-tailed) N
Note. * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
In short, In Smangus, perceived benefit distribution, participation in tourism or CPR management participation has no significant effect in decreasing or increasing the satisfaction levels. There was a significant positive correlation between CPR management participation and perceived benefit distribution. More details and interpretation of these results are examined in the next chapter.
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國立 政 治 大 學