Chapter 2、The theory of globalization and human capital flow
4.4 China
4.4.2 The current talent strategy
4.4.2.2 The phenomenon of the mitigation talents countercurrent 74
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promotion of the various plans performed in the good situation of the brand creation, such as the Chinese self-developed TD-LTE 4G communications equipment was successful authorized of Japan, India and other countries, earning foreign exchange for China and created its own brand for the country forward.
4.4.2.2 The phenomenon of the mitigation talents countercurrent
Hu Jin-tao of the Former Communist President repeatedly stressed in a public speech64 that "human resources are the primary resources with the change fast from joining WTO a decade to find that there is not enough talents to enhance the national strength unable to support the large capital big market and the globalization of the world". Li Yuan-chao(李源潮), the Minister of Chinese Communist Party Central Organization Department, said that the cumulative number of Chinese students was 1,390,000 from 1998 to 2007, who returned to the contribution only 390,000 people, only the ratio of 28%. In order to ease the talent problems and talented people returning from overseas, the government increased the students of studying overseas (Figure-9 The amount of China students studying in USA, 2001-2011) as the largest global exporting study countries in the twenty century. In addition, the Beijing Zhongguancun Science and Technology Committee has annually held two overseas study tours to establish a liaison office in the United States for returning talents in 11 consecutive years. Establishment of liaison offices in the US, Japan and seven countries, targeting the scientific and economic fields, takes initiative, directly facing the overseas talents back to work.
The "customs personnel in the SAR" has successfully attracted 20,000 returned persons of 6,000 new companies to increase the talents scale fast and efficiency.
64 天下雜誌 2011 年 9 月 21 日，第 481 期，《從人力大國邁向人才強國》，第 102-103 頁。
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59,939 63,211 64,757 61,765 62,523 62,582 67,723
81,127
Figure-9 The amount of China students studying in USA, 2001-2011
Ref. Resource: The Department of Education of U.S.A 4.4.2.3 Active involvement of the central and local government
To break through the concept of "the traditional remuneration regulations of the hunting talents" is the work of the central and local goals of setting the “talent special region". As to the central government, it authorizes the industries strategies such as petroleum, coal, telecommunications and transportation, in the face of industrial restructuring and international standards, which led by the central enterprises and state-owned enterprises, the requirements in the oil, National Grid, the Aluminum Corporation of China, China Telecom and China Shen-hua(神華)65 enterprise to build the Technology Park and Research Institute to top talent from overseas and domestics in three years establishing a number of studies of future energy technology research team to assist enterprises in the development and application of new technology and produce the independent innovation technology.
65 China Shen-hua(神華) Group is one of the selected demonstration enterprises for the "Thousands of people plan" which set up a low-carbon clean energy research institute in Beijing supporting 2% annually revenue to the R & D fundings. The plan has recruited two hundred talents and forty overseas returnees within two yearts that containing two Taiwanese.
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As to the local government, Wang Yang(汪洋) of the former Party Secretary of Guangdong Province stated that there is no genuine multinational companies in China instead of one three trillion dollars of foreign exchange reserves in China that must shift from the investment to OEI. The provinces and municipalities not only invite the experts to talk about the human capital, but local officials should recruit talents overseas.
4.4.2.4 The improvement significantly of the quality of human resources
In the past, China was through the cheap labor and preferential measures attracting the foreign investments66. Gradually, with the wages and raw material prices increased, the environmental awareness is high and the labor situation of human rights defenders with the economic development, which forcing the Chinese industry must face restructuring. For the transformation of human qualities and the implementation of "rejuvenating the country through science and education"
strategy in the country, Hu Jin-tao of the former President of the Communist Party announced that the "Long-term Talent Development Plan" and "The National Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan 2010-2020" that expected to train the hundreds of millions of high-quality workers, professional and technical staff and a group of top creative talents to implement the "Talent Strategy" in a decade. The Chinese government believes that the talents are not attracted but hired or stolen, then sent to the global talent summoned. As to the talents of the Nobel nomination without winning to take "proactive recruiting with the global wages and provide an excellent position". On the other hand, the PRC State Council Bureau of Foreign Experts visits the ethnic Chinese scientists, entrepreneurs or
66 天下雜誌 2011 年 9 月 21 日，第 481 期，《從人力大國邁向人才強國》，第 104-111 頁。
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organizing talent briefings locking the top talents in all areas. It is expected to recruit business management staff of 42 million people, R&D staff of 3.8 million people, 4 million of innovation and technology talent and 8 million people in the medical and health personnel in order to implement the educational transformation of the national talents67.
67 中天新聞調查報告，《經濟轉型需求 大陸布局人才庫》。
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Chapter 5、The Taiwanese Personnel Status
There is an old saying that "The Mountain endures the soil, and it could be such big”.
The River accepts the small streams, and it could be on its depth." In the era of globalization, human mobility across borders of the talent competitions becomes the world trend. Due to the convenient transportation, commercial and industrial development, and very frequent population movements between the countries in the world, the migration is a common phenomenon in the world. According to the United Nations statistics68, there were 190 million global migrations under the trends of globalization and the knowledge economy, the international talents moving as a global technology and knowledge exchange media can promote international economic vitality and efficiency to the white-collar workers with the competitive knowledge, who have become the main human capital under the world competing69.
The national immigration policy involves countries the attitude of accepting the foreign migrants, such as sparsely populated countries are in dire need of labor to the development of their land with the open attitudes toward their immigration policies. On the other hand, the countries of high population density and the labor-abundant, they are exclusion for immigrants and take the threshold of a high standard of foreign immigrants. In consideration of national security and interests, economic development, and enhancing the competitiveness of domestic industries are in attracting highly qualified labor force to supplement the weakness of industries that are taken by the most countries70 .
In the past 10 years, according to the Taiwan National Immigration Agency（NIA71）, the
68 三民輔考，《移民政策（台北：三民出版社）》，2011 年 11 月，頁 3。
69 行政院，《吸引全球外及優秀人才來台方案-行政程序簡化部份》，2008 年 12 月 3 日。
70 許義寶，《入出國法制與人權保障（台北：五南出版社）》，2012 年 7 月，頁 63-64。
71 NIA
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numbers of legal resident alien are about 46 million people. The white-collar workers and technical staff accounted for only about 20 thousand people of about 410 thousand foreign workers, and removed out 20-30 thousand Taiwanese talents per year, which the majority is the professors, engineers and other white-collar. Overall, Taiwan has become a high-level human "net exporting countries". According to the OECD statistics72 in 2012, Taiwan was the highest of the world in the higher education Brain Drain and the talent imbalances in Taiwan have gradually eroded the competitiveness of Taiwan. The following will be the status of the talent flow from three aspects of talents "incubation", "maintaining", and "recruiting" as follows.
72 今周刊，《22K 逼走台灣高材生》，2012 年 11 月 26 日，頁 112-132。
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Section 1、Talents incubation
Taiwan lacks the natural resources and the talents are the most important resource as the key of the national development. Thus, actively to cultivate the talented people is the fifth key point to enhance the Taiwanese competitiveness. The progress of the community does not depend on the low economic value of the human resource, but the high economic value brainpower that university degrees become the basic qualifications now73. Under the ubiquity of higher education, the vast majority of students found the jobs not related to their learning due to the Academic advancement and parents' wishes. For example, the President of Academia Sinica, Wong Chi-huey's daughter74 abandoned Harvard University to study Arts and become a painter. The Council for Economic Planning, Yin Chi-ming's (尹啟銘) daughter got the PhD but then studied music after graduation. The Minister of Economic Affairs, Shih Yen-xiang's (施顏祥) daughter was admitted her doctoral degree of National Taiwan University but chose Taiwan University of Science and Technology. Then, she abandoned the doctoral research and admitted to the TRA assistant level. These are the defeat for the personnel training, not only a waste of educational resources but also squandering time.
The policies of Taiwan personnel incubation will be stated as follows.