國立交通大學建築研究所
碩 士 論 文
設計早期階段的知覺場現象與創造力的關係
The relation between perceptual field phenomenon and creativity on design early stage
研 究 生 : 范 紀 發 指 導 教 授 : 劉 育 東
設計早期階段的知覺場現象與創造力的關係
The relation between perceptual field phenomenon and creativity on design early stage
研 究 生:范紀發 Student: Chi-Fa Fan 指導教授:劉育東 Advisor: Yu-Tung Liu
國 立 交 通 大 學 建 築 研 究 所 碩士論文
A Thesis
Submitted to Graduate Institute of Architecture College of Humanities and Social Science National Chiao Tung University In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of
Master In Architecture July 2009 Hsinchu,Taiwan,Republic of China 中華民國 九十八 年 七 月
設計早期階段的知覺場現象與創造力的關係
學生:范紀發 指導教授:劉育東 國立交通大學建築研究所碩士班 摘 要 本研究就設計思考的角度探討知覺場的現象對設計者構想早期階段的影響,九十 年代以來的學者,多提出以草圖的推論,設計者的 反思來探究設計者的創造力因 子,特別是以知識論的觀點區別生手與熟手在創造力的差異,而近年來,有多位 學者,為創造力的因子-浮現,提出更廣泛的定義,並以知覺的角度,來探討對創 造力的影響。就知覺因子的觀點來看,完形心理學所提出的知覺場,是解釋人類 視覺思考的重要理論,其中,對視空間特徵的貫注以及對含混不明圖形的辨識及 檢測對於未預期的發現都有相當重要的影響力,其與知覺場中的追求平衡如力場 的互動反饋關係都有相關性。因此,本研究探究於人類知覺場的因素,影響設計 者早期構想過程的浮現現象,特別是察覺力與譬喻。 由四個具有不同領域專業背景,並具備一定知識條件的受測者,進行以公共藝術 為題的快速設計的認知實驗,以影音回溯及口語分析法為基本的研究方法。進行 兩階段的認知分析。第一階段,以 Guildford 的四個創造力因子分析篩選出較具 創造力的受測者,並以其受測資料,進行第二階段的知覺場認知因子與創造力相 關及連動的分析。其結果可以看出: 一、受測者在草圖構想過程中,知覺場的某 些要素影響了構想要素的產生,而這些草圖透過分析後,也能對應創造力的條件, 因此發現知覺場的要素的確與創造力有關;其次,符號與譬喻與每個設計者的知覺 場有關,符號與譬喻為設計者長期記憶的一部份,為設計者透過該元件代表對某 一事物以符號化或者口語化的暗示或者表徵,因此透過符號與譬喻可以對應不同 的設計者認知,對於建構電腦輔助系統的深入研究有非常大的幫助。 關鍵字:設計思考、創造力、知覺場 i
The relation between perceptual field phenomenon and
creativity on design early stage
Student: Chi-Fa Fan Advisor: Yu -Tung Liu
Graduate Institute of Architecture National Chiao Tung University
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the effect of perceptual field on designers in the early stage of design thinking. In the 1990s, scholars began inferring that the creativity factors of designers come from their reflection based on drafts and further distinguished the creativity differences between novice and expert designers with an knowledge-based view point. In recent years, scholars have re-defined emergence, a creativity factor, in a broader sense and investigated its effect on creativity in terms of cognition. From the viewpoint of cognitive factors, the perceptual field in gestalt psychology is the central theory for interpreting human visual thinking. Particularly, it is important to identify the attention to visuo-spatial features and ambiguous graphics and to detect unexpected discoveries, and to correlate them with the pursuit of balance in the perceptual field, such as the interactive feedback of force field. Therefore, this study investigated perceptual field factors affecting the emergence of designers in early conceptualization, particularly insight and metaphors.
A 2-stage rapid design cognitive experiment on public art using video/audio retrospective protocol analysis was conducted on 4 respondents from different professional backgrounds and domains, each of whom had attained a certain level of knowledge. Respondents with greater creativity were selected using the 4 creativity factors proposed by Guildford at Stage 1. The correlations and interactions between perceptual field cognitive factors and creativity were analyzed based on the respondents’ data at Stage 2. Results show that: (1) perceptual field factors are correlated with creativity because when conceptualizing drafts, some perceptual field factors affect the outcome of conceptualization factors, and such drafts can correspond to the creativity factors after analysis; (2) symbols and metaphors are correlated with the designer’s perceptual field because they are part of the designer’s long-term memory and are components for designers to interpret a particular event, including symbolic or colloquial understatements or representations. Therefore, symbols and metaphors can correspond to different designer cognitions and are substantially beneficial to the in-depth study of computer-aided system construction.
Keywords: Design thinking﹑Creativity﹑Perceptual Field.
誌 謝
對於這本論文的完成,首先要感謝口試過程委員對我的指導與建議,元榮老師與 君昊老師的建議都讓我更能清晰面對論述的架構,使我能將這篇論文修改得更為 完整,當然最要感謝的莫過於在研究所這段學習過程中始終對我保持耐心與寬容 的 Aleppo 老師,感謝您給予的機會,您對論文研究與寫作的指導與論點,常常影 響我對於人生應有的看法以及堅持的態度,也許這是我捨不得離開,念那麼多年 的原因。 也感謝所裡的眾位老師,基義老師、成德老師及洲民老師,你們讓我更熱愛建築 , 也要感謝李華老師打開科幻大門後對我的啟發,還有從學姐叫到老師的楚卿老 師,每次看到你,只有浮現 BUSY 兩個字,從你們身上常常學習到對學術的態度。 感謝我的協力受測者,你們讓我真的糾感心,感謝與我在這段期間有緣相遇的同 學與學長學弟們,感謝你們,你們都是我這段人生中,最珍貴的記憶,雖然族繁 不及備載,但是我想只要在這個領域碰面,報出交大建築研究所,就全都是一家 人,一定互相幫忙,也感謝所辦裡有緣相遇的前後助理們,雅米以及易霖,感謝 妳們的幫助,我應該不會再煩你們了,最後,最要感謝的是家人及我的太太對我 的堅定支持,沒有她,我想我也沒辦法堅持到最後。 iii