ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ߦߟߡߩบḧߩቇ⠌⠪ߩࡆࡈ
ᄢቇ↢ߩࠕࡦࠤ࠻⺞ᩏࠃࠅ
盧錦姬
ⷐᣦ
ᧄ⎇ⓥߪࡆࡈ⺞ᩏࠍㅢߒߡޔบḧߩᄢቇ↢ߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ࡆࡈߦߪߤߩ ࠃ߁ߥ․ᓽ߇ࠆߩ߆ޔ߹ߚޔᕈޔቇ⠌ᱧޔᚑ❣ߦࠃࠆࡆࡈߩᏅ⇣߽ត ࠆޕ ࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߦ↪ߚਛ࿖⺆ BALLI ߪ 6 㗔ၞ 45 㗄⋡߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߒߚޕ(1)⸒ ⺆ቇ⠌ߩㆡᕈޔ(2)⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߩ㔍ᤃᐲޔ(3)ቇ⠌⠪ߩ․ᕈޔ(4)ቇ⠌⠪ߩ⥄ᓞᕈޔ (5)⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߩേᯏޔ(6)ቇ⠌ⅣႺߩฦ㗔ၞߦ㑐ࠊࠆ㗄⋡ߪ Horwitz(1987)߮ฦ వⴕ⎇ⓥ߆ࠄណ↪ߒߚޕ ⚿ᨐߩಽᨆߣ⠨ኤ߆ࠄޔบḧߩᄢቇ↢ߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ߩ․ᓽߣߒߡޔޟᄖ࿖⺆ ቇ⠌ߦߟߡ․ߩᚽ⢻ࠍ߽ߞߡࠆੱ߇ࠆ߇ޔ⥄ಽߪߘߩᚽ⢻ࠍᜬߞߡ ߥޕޠޔޟᣣᧄ⺆߇㔍ߒޔࠆߪਛ⒟ᐲߦ㔍ߒ߇ޔ⥄ಽߪߟ߆ᣣᧄ⺆ ߇ᚻߦߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߣᕁ߁ޠޔޟᣣᧄ⺆ߢੱ೨ߢ⊒ߔࠆߩ߇ᕯߕ߆ߒ ޠޔޟᣣᧄੱߣߔᤨޔ⤪∛ߦߥࠆޠޔޟ⥄ಽߪദജߔࠇ߫ޔᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߥ ࠆߣାߓߡࠆޠޔޟ⚦߆㑆㆑ࠍ᳇ߦߖߕޔⓍᭂ⊛ߦᣣᧄ⺆ࠍߔߴ߈ߛޠޔ ޟ⥄ಽߩ㑆㆑ࠍ⥄ಽߢ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢߔࠆᤨޔ৻⇟ቇ⠌ߢ߈ࠆޠޔޟᣣᧄ⺆ࠍቇ⠌ߔ ࠆᤨޔᢎᏧߦഥ⸒ࠍ᳞ࠆߩ߇ᅢ߈ߛޠޔޟᣣᧄ⺆߇ߖࠇ߫ޔዞ⡯ߩ࠴ࡖ ࡦࠬ߇ࠆޠߣߞߚ⠨߃ᣇ߿ᦼᓙ߇ࠆߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚޕ߹ߚޔᕈޔ ቇ⠌ᱧޔᚑ❣ߩ㑆ߦሽߒߡࠆᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ߦߟߡߩࡆࡈߩᏅ⇣ࠍࠄ ߆ߦߒߚޕ ࠠࡢ࠼㧦ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ޔ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ࡆࡈޔBALLI ⋝㍪ᆢ㧦ᣣᧄฬฎደᄢቇᢎ⢒ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ᢎ⢒ᔃℂቇୃ჻㧘㕕ቱᄢቑᣣᧄ⺆ᢥቑ♽ኾછᢎޕ台灣日語學習者語言學習信念之研究
一以大學生調查為例
盧錦姬
摘要
本研究透過語言學習信念 BALLI 問卷之調查，藉以瞭解台灣大學生日語學習信念之 特徵及其是否因性別、年級、成績的不同，而有顯著之差異。BALLI 問卷是參考 Horwitz (1987) 所開發的 BALLI 問卷及先行研究的問卷而編 製，分為 6 個領域：（1）語言學習信念、（2）語言學習難易度、（3）學習者的特性、 （4）學習者的自律性、（5）語言學習動機、（6）學習環境，共 45 個項目。 根據分析結果與考察，台灣大學生日語學習信念的主要特徵：「認為有些人具有 學習外語的特殊才能，但自己卻不具備」、「認為日語是一種稍為困難的語言，但有 自信把它學好」、「在眾人面前用日語發表會覺得害羞」、「和日本人以日語交談時會 膽怯」、「相信只要努力一定可以學好日語」、「認為不要在乎小的錯誤，應積極說日 語」、「認為自己檢討自己的錯誤，對學習日語最有幫助」、「學習日語時，喜歡求助 老師的意見」、「認為會說日語，就會有更多機會找到好工作」。且因性別、年級、成 績的不同，語言學習信念會有顯著的差異。 關鍵字：日語學習、語言學習信念、BALLI 作者盧錦姬，日本名古屋大學教育學研究科教育心理學碩士，現任靜宜大學日本語文學系專任副教授。
A research on Learning Belief of Taiwanese
Japanese Learners
--- Taking Collage Students as Research Objects ---
Jin-Ji Lu
Abstract
Through the complilation and analysis of the questionnaire of BALLI, this research explores the motivation and conviction of Taiwanese college students in learning Japanese language, while paying attention to the impacts of gender, duration of attendance, and academic achievement in the course of language acquisition. To attain the goal, my current questionnaire makes use of the BALLI questionnaire designed by Horwitz in 1987, consisiting of 45 items that present the following six major subjects: (1) language learning belief, (2) the degree of difficulty in learning language, (3) the character of learners, (4) learners’ self-discipline, (5) language learning motives, and (6) learning environment.
Taking Japanese Majors of 10 universities as research objects, we examiners investigated from October to November, 2009 and analyzed the entire process by SPSS. The resultant analysis and survey indicate some salient characteristics of Taiwanese Japanese majors that show either negative or positive mentality, proving that conviction in one’s fruitful learning depends much on gender, academic achievement and grades received.
It is hoped that results of ths research of ours will serve as a useful guideline for the improvements of Japanese education, helping Japanese teachers and policymakers in Taiwan proceed to further improvements on currcular design and pedagogics in this direction. (MT)
Keywords: Japanese learning, belief, BALLI.
Jin-Ji Lu, M.A. in Educational Psychology, Nagoya University, is currently Associate Professor at the Japanese Department, Providence University, Republic of China (Taiwan).
ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ߦߟߡߩบḧߩቇ⠌⠪ߩࡆࡈ
ᄢቇ↢ߩࠕࡦࠤ࠻⺞ᩏࠃࠅ
1. ߪߓߦ
ㄭᐕߩᄖ࿖⺆ᢎ⢒ߩะߪޔᓥ᧪ߩᢎᏧਥዉ߆ࠄቇ⠌⠪ਛᔃߩᜰዉ1߳ߣ⒖ࠅᄌࠊ ࠅߟߟࠆޕቇ⠌⠪⥄り߇ᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌ߦ߅ߡޔⓍᭂ⊛ߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔߴ߈ߢ ࠆߣ߁⠨߃ᣇ߇㗼⪺ߦߥߞߡ߈ߡࠆޕߘߩߚߦߪޔᢎᏧ߇⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߦ㑐ࠊ ࠆቇ⠌⠪ߩ᭽ޘߥⷐ࿃ߦߟߡᛠីߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢࠆޕ Horwitz(1987)ߪޔቇ⠌⠪ߩ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ᵴേࠍᡰ߃ࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߩޟࡆ ࡈ2(beliefs about language learning)ߣ߁ᔨࠍឭ␜ߒߡࠆޕSakui & Gaies (1999)ߪޔቇ⠌ᘒᐲޔ⚻㛎ޔᦼᓙޔቇ⠌ࠬ࠻࠹ࠫߥߤޔ⸒⺆ ቇ⠌ߦᓇ㗀ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔⶄ㔀ߥቇ⠌⠪ߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻ㅪߩⷐ⚛ࠍࡆࡈߣߒߡቯ⟵ߠ ߌߡࠆޕߟ߹ࠅޔቇ⠌⠪ߩቇ⠌ᘒᐲ߿ⴕേߪቇ⠌⠪ࡆࡈ߇߽ߣߦߥߞߡ ࠆߣ߁ߎߣߢࠆޕ ⸒⺆ᢎ⢒ߩ⇇ߢߪޔࡆࡈߣߪޔ⸒⺆ߪߤߩࠃ߁ߦቇ⠌ߔߴ߈߆ޔ⸒⺆ቇ ⠌ߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߢࠆ߆ߣߞߚ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߦ㑐ߒߡߩቇ⠌⠪߿ᢎᏧ߇ᗧ⼂ ⊛ήᗧ⼂⊛ߦᛴߡࠆᗧޔ⠨߃ᣇޔାᔨߩߎߣߢࠆޕ Rubin(1987)ߪޔቇ⠌ࡆࡈ߇ቇ⠌ࠬ࠻࠹ࠫࠍ⢛ᓟߢᡰ߃ࠆߎߣࠍℂ↱ߦޔ ቇ⠌⠪ߩቇ⠌ࠬ࠻࠺ࠫ↪ߩታᘒࠍࠃߊℂ⸃ߔࠆߚߦߪޔቇ⠌ߦኻߔࠆቇ ⠌⠪ߩࡆࡈࠍࠄ߆ߦߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆߣㅀߴߡࠆޕ ᯅᧄ(1993)ߪޔቇ⠌⠪ߩࡆࡈࠍᛠីߔࠆߎߣߪޔᢎᏧߦߣߞߡߪޔቇ⠌ࠬ ࠻࠹ࠫ߿ቇ⠌⠪ߩౝ㕙ߦࠆᔃℂᘒᐲࠍᛠីߔࠆᗧࠍᜬߜޔቇ⠌⠪ߦߣߞ 1 ቇ⠌⠪ਛᔃߩᜰዉߣ߁߽ߩߪޔቇ⠌ౝኈߩ⸳ቯߦ߅ߡޔቇ⠌⠪ߦޔࠃࠅⓍᭂ⊛ߥᓎഀࠍਈ߃ޔ ቇ⠌ߩਥߣߒߡ⟎ߠߌߡⴕ߁ᜰዉᴺߢࠆ㧔ጟፒጟፒ1992㧕ޕ 2 ࡆࡈߩ⸶⺆ߪᧂߛߦቯ߹ߞߡ߅ࠄߕޔ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ⷰାᔨା᧦⏕ାࡆࡈࡆࡈ ࠬߥߤ᭽ޘߢࠆ( ᩿ 2005)ޕᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ⸥ߩ⎇ⓥߩᵹࠇࠍ᳹ࠎߢޔޟࡔ࠲⍮ࠍޔ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ ⴕേో⥸ࠍᡰ߃ࠆቇ⠌⠪ߩᔃ⊛ᘒᐲޠࠍࡆࡈߣߒߡ↪ߚޕ
ߡߪޔ⥄ࠄߩቇ⠌ᡷༀࠍኈᤃߦߔࠆߣ߁ᗧࠍᜬߟߣߒޔᢎᏧߦߣߞߡ߽ቇ⠌ ⠪ߦߣߞߡ߽ޔߘߩᗧ⟵߇ᄢ߈ߎߣࠍਥᒛߒߡࠆޕ ጟፒ(1996)ߪޔࡆࡈ⺞ᩏߪᢎቶౝߩቇ⠌⠪ߩᄙ᭽ߥቇ⠌ⴕേ߿࠲ࠗࡊࠍ․ ᓽઃߌࠆ↪ߥᣇᴺߢࠅޔࡆࡈ⺞ᩏࠍㅢߓߡቇ⠌⠪ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ޔ ⥄ᓞ⊛ቇ⠌ߩᅑബޔࠃࠅ⼾߆ߥᢎᴺߩ⹜ߺߥߤࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆޕ ߒߚ߇ߞߡޔቇ⠌⠪ߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥቇ⠌ࡆࡈࠍᜬߞߡࠆ߆ߣ߁ߎߣߪޔ ቇ⠌ࠬ࠻࠹ࠫㆬᛯߩⷐ࿃ߣߥࠅޔࠬ࠻࠹ࠫߦ㑐ߔࠆࡆࡈߪቇ⠌ലᨐ ߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆ㊀ⷐߥⷐ⚛ࠍᜬߞߡࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ߽ߒᢎᏧ߇ቇ⠌⠪ߩࡆࡈ ࠍ೨ߦℂ⸃ߒߡࠆߥࠄ߫ޔቇ⠌⠪ߦߣߞߡޔ߽ߞߣㆡߒߚࠬ࠻࠹ࠫࠍഥ ⸒ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ޔቇ⠌⠪ߪቇ⠌ᣇᴺߦ㑐ߒߡࠃࠅᨵエᕈࠍᜬߟߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ ቇ⠌ᚑᨐ߇߇ࠆࠃ߁ߥࡆࡈࠍቇ⠌⠪߇ᜬߟࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇ᢎᏧߩᓎ⋡ߣ ߒߡ߽ᄢಾߣ߃ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ ߘߎߢޔᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪޔએߩࠃ߁ߥⷞὐ߆ࠄޔบḧߩቇ↢ߩࡆࡈߦߪߤߩ ࠃ߁ߥ․ᓽ߇ࠆߩ߆ޔ߹ߚޔᕈޔቇ⠌ᱧޔᚑ❣ߦࠃࠆࡆࡈߩᏅ⇣߽តࠆޕ ⚿ᨐߣߒߡޔบḧߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߦㆡߒߚࠢࠬᵴേߥࠅᢎᴺߩ㐿⊒߇น⢻ߦ ߥࠆߣ⠨߃ޔߘߩߚߩਛ࿖⺆ ࡆࡈࠕࡦࠤ࠻(BALLI)3ࠍታᣉߒߚޕ
2. ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛
(1) ࠕࡦࠤ࠻ోߣߒߡߩะߪߤߩࠃ߁ߢࠆ߆ޕ (2) ᕈߢᗧߥᏅ߇ߚࡆࡈ߇ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ޕࠆߣߔࠇ߫ޔߤߩ㗄⋡ ߆ޕ (3) ቇ⠌ᱧ৻ᐕ(ቇᐕ 2 ᐕᰴ)ߩቇ⠌⠪ߣቇ⠌ᱧਃᐕ(ቇᐕ 4 ᐕᰴ)ߩቇ⠌⠪ߣߢߪޔ ࡆࡈߦ㆑߇ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ޕࠆߣߔࠇ߫ޔߤߩ㗄⋡߆ޕ (4) ᚑ❣߇⟲ߣਛ⟲ߣਅ⟲ߩ㑆ߦࡆࡈߩᏅ߇ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ޕᏅ߇ ࠆߣߔࠇ߫ޔߤߩ㗄⋡߆ޕ 3 Horwitz(1987)ߦࠃࠆ BALLI ߪޔ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߦ㑐ଥߩࠆ㧡ߟߩ㗔ၞߦࠊߚࠆ 34 ߩ㗄⋡߆ࠄߥߞߡ ߚޕᧄⓂߢߪޔ㗄⋡ᢙౝኈߣ߽ߦᄌ߃ߡࠆ߇ޔᒻᑼߥߤߪหߓߥߩߢBALLI ߣ߁⒓ࠍߘ ߩ߹߹↪ࠆޕ3. వⴕ⎇ⓥ
ࡆࡈߦߡߩ⎇ⓥࠍᄢ߈ߊㅴዷߐߖߚߩߪHorwitz (1987)ߢߞߚޕ
Horwitz(1987)ߪࡆࡈࠍ✂⟜⊛ߦᛠីߔࠆߚߦޔ(1)⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߩㆡᕈ (Foreign Language Aptitude)ޔ(2)⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߩ㔍ᤃᐲ(The Difficulty of Language Learning)ޔ(3)⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߩᕈ⾰(the nature of Language Learning)ޔ(4)ቇ⠌ߣࠦࡒ ࡘ࠾ࠤ࡛ࠪࡦࠬ࠻࠹ࠫ(Learning and Communication Strategies)ޔ(5)⸒⺆ ቇ⠌ߩേᯏ(Motivation)ߩ 5 㗔ၞ 34 㗄⋡߆ࠄߥࠆ BALLI ࠍࠅޔ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߡ ࠆޕߘߩ⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄޔቇ⠌⠪ߪ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߦ㑐ߒߡ᭽ޘߥࡆࡈࠍᜬߞߡ ࠆߎߣޔ߹ߚޔࡆࡈߪㆊߩቇ⠌⚻㛎߿↢ᵴⅣႺޔᢥൻ⊛⢛᥊ߥߤߦࠃߞߡ ᒻᚑߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢޔቇ⠌⠪߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥࠬ࠻࠹ࠫࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦ↪ߒߡࠆ ߆ࠍᛠីߔࠆߚߦߪޔࡆࡈࠍࠄ߆ߦߔࠆᔅⷐᕈ߇ࠆߣᜰ៰ߐࠇߡࠆޕ Horwitz(1987)ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔBALLI ߦߪੑߟߩ⋡⊛߇ࠆޕ৻ߟߪ⎇ⓥߩߚߩ ౕߣߒߡޔቇ⠌⠪ߣᢎᏧߩ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߦኻߔࠆࡆࡈࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣߢࠆޕ߽ ߁৻ߟߪᢎ⢒ߩߚߩౕߣߒߡޔᢎᏧะߌࡢ࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊߢ↪ߒߚࠅޔᢎᏧ ߇ቇ⠌⠪ߩ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ࠬ࠻࠹ࠫࠍᡷༀߒߚࠅߔࠆߚߦޔቇ⠌⠪ߣߩߒว ߩਛߢ↪ߔࠆߣ߁߽ߩߢࠆޕ ᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ቇߦ߅ߌࠆࡆࡈ⎇ⓥߦߪޔߤߩࠃ߁ߥవⴕ⎇ⓥ߇ࠆߩ߆ࠍ Horwitz(1987)ߦහߒߡ⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛ߦಽ㘃ߔࠆޕ (1)ޟቇ⠌⠪ߩࡆࡈߩᛠីޠߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ ቇ⠌⠪ߦߟߡߩ⎇ⓥߣߒߡߪޔบἨ(ᨋ 2005㧘ㇱ 2002)ޔ㖧࿖(๓ 2007)ޔ ࠬࡦࠞ(↰ 2007)ޔࡈࠖࡇࡦ(㜞ፒ 2006㧘 ᩿ 2005)ޔࡂࡦࠟ(⧯ ጤỈ2004)ޔਛ࿖(᧼ 1997)ޔ㚅᷼(᧼ 2000)ߣߞߚၞߩቇ⠌⠪ߦߟߡ ߩ⎇ⓥ߇ߍࠄࠇࠆޕ (2)ޟᢎᏧߩࡆࡈߩℂ⸃ޠߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ ᢎᏧߦߟߡߩ⎇ⓥߣߒߡߪޔᣣᧄ(ᧁ 2004)ޔ㚅᷼(᧼ 2000)ޔ㖧࿖(๓ 2006)ޔ ࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕ(ዊේᩙේ 2008)ޔࡂࡦࠟ(⧯ጤỈ 2004)ߣߞߚၞߩ ᢎᏧߦߟߡߩ⎇ⓥ߇ࠆޕ (3)ޟᢎᏧߩࡆࡈߣቇ⠌⠪ߩࡆࡈߩᲧセޠߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ ⚦↰દ⮮᳓↰(1994)ߦᆎ߹ࠅޔ᧼(2000)ޔጟፒ(2001)ޔ⧯ጤỈ(2004) ߥߤߦ㒢ࠄࠇࠆޕ
߹ߚޔ㒙ㇱ(2009)ߢߪޔBALLI ࠍ↪ߚࡆࡈ⺞ᩏߩ࠺࠲ࠍᄙᄌ㊂⸃ᨆߦ ߆ߌޔߘߩಽᨆࠍࠢࠬ✬ᚑߦᔕ↪ߢ߈ߥ߆ᬌ⸛ߔࠆߣ߁⹜ߺ߽ⴕߥࠊࠇߡ ࠆޕ એߩࠃ߁ߦޔቇ⠌⠪ਛᔃߩᬺࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆߣ߁⸒⺆ᢎ⢒ߩᵹࠇߩਛߢޔࡆ ࡈ߇ቇ⠌⠪ߩᄙ᭽ᕈࠍᛠីߔࠆߚߦ⠨ᘦߔߴ߈ⷐ⚛ߣߒߡᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ ߦߥߞߚޕᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߡ߽ޔቇ⠌⠪ߩ․ᕈᛠីߩߚޔ᭽ޘߥၞߩቇ⠌ ⠪ߦኻߒߡBALLI ࠍ↪ߚࡆࡈ⎇ⓥ߇ᄙᢙⴕߥࠊࠇߡ߈ߚޕߎࠇࠄߩవⴕ⎇ ⓥߩᗧ⟵ߪޔߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ࿖ޔᢥൻޔ␠ળ⊛⢛᥊ࠍᜬߞߚᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪߇ߘࠇߙࠇ ߤࠎߥࡆࡈࠍ߽ߞߡࠆߩ߆ߦߟߡޔߘࠇߙࠇߩ࠺࠲ࠍ㓸ಽᨆߒߡ ߅ߊߎߣߦࠆޕߎࠇࠄߩ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐࠍᅤߦᢎᴺ߿ቇ⠌ᵴേߥߤߩᎿᄦ ߦ↢߆ߔ߆߇ᓟߩᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥߦߣߞߡ㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴ߢࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ ᧄ⎇ⓥߪవⴕ⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐࠍ〯߹߃ޔߎࠇ߹ߢ߹ࠅ⎇ⓥߩߥบḧߢᣣᧄ⺆ࠍ ቇ߱ᄢቇ↢ߩ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ࡆࡈߩ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐࠍႎ๔ߔࠆߎߣߢޔᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ߩߚ ߩၮ␆⾗ᢱࠍឭଏߔࠆޕบḧߩᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ߩ㗴ὐߣᾖࠄߒࠊߖࠆߎߣߦࠃߞ ߡޔቇ⠌⠪ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄߤߩࠃ߁ߥᡷༀ߇ᔅⷐߢࠆߩ߆ࠍࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣߪޔ บḧߩቇ⠌⠪ߩ․ᕈߦ㈩ᘦߒߚㆡಾߥᬺࠍ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߔࠆߢ⋉ߢࠈ߁ߣ⠨ ߃ࠆޕ
4. ⺞ᩏ
4.1 ⺞ᩏኻ⽎ ⺞ᩏߪਥኾߣߒߡᣣᧄ⺆ࠍቇࠎߢࠆ㕕ቱᄢቇޔ᧲๓ᄢቇޔ㐿ධᄢቇޔ㌏ொᄢ ቇޔᄢ⪲ᄢቇޔบਛᛛⴚቇ㒮ޔୃᐔᛛⴚቇ㒮ޔ㜞㓶㙅ᣏᄢቇޔ㜞㓶╙৻⑼ᛛᄢቇޔ ዳ᧲ᛛⴚቇ㒮ޔว⸘10 ᩞߩੑᐕ↢ߣ྾ᐕ↢ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚޕ 4.2 ⺞ᩏᣇᴺ ⺞ᩏᣇᴺߪ⾰⚕⺞ᩏߦࠃࠆޕߘࠇߪ⺞ᩏදജߩߢ߈ࠆቇᩞߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⑼߮ᔕ ↪ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⑼߳⺞ᩏ↪⚕ߣㇷㅍᢱࠍㅍઃߒޔቇ↢ߣᢎᏧߩ࿁╵ߒߚࠕࡦࠤ࠻ࠍ ࿁ߔࠆߩߢࠆޕ ᦨ⚳⊛ߦว⸘ቇ↢ 879 ฬ߆ࠄ࿁ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚޕ⺞ᩏߦ ߏදജߚߛߚቇᩞᢙߪ10 ᩞߢࠅޔታ㓙ߦ⺞ᩏࠍ࿁ߒߚቇᩞᢙ߽ 10 ᩞ ߢࠆ(࿁₸ߪ 100%)ޕ4.3 ⺞ᩏᤨᦼ ⺞ᩏᦼ㑆ߪ2009 ᐕ 10 㨪11 ߦ߆ߌߡⴕߥߞߚޕ 4.4 ⺞ᩏ㗄⋡ ࠕࡦࠤ࠻ߩ⾰㗄ߩ৻ߟ⋡ߪቇ⠌⠪ߩ⢛᥊⊛ᖱႎߣߒߡޔ(1)ᕈޔ(2)ቇᩞޔ (3)ቇ⚖ޔ(4)೨ቇᦼߩ✚ᚑ❣ߩᐔဋࠍߨߚޕੑߟ⋡ߪਛ࿖⺆ BALLI ߩ⒳㘃ߦ ߟߡߩ⾰ߢࠆޕ࿁ߩ⺞ᩏߦ↪ߚਛ࿖⺆ BALLI ߪ 6 㗔ၞ 45 㗄⋡߆ࠄ ᭴ᚑߒߚޕ⾰㗄⋡ߩ߁ߜޔޔHorwitz(1987)ࠍෳ⠨ߦߒޔ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߩㆡᕈߦߟߡ ߩࡆࡈ(9 㗄⋡)ޔ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߩ㔍ᤃᐲߦߟߡߩࡆࡈ(5 㗄⋡)ޔቇ⠌⠪ߩ․ ᕈߟߡߩࡆࡈ(12 㗄⋡)ޔ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߩേᯏߦߟߡߩࡆࡈ(5 㗄⋡)ࠍบḧ ߩ⁁ᴫߦࠊߖޔ4 㗔ၞߩ 31 㗄⋡ࠍߞߚޕ߹ߚޔߎߩ⺞ᩏߩ⋡⊛ߢࠆᣣᧄ⺆ ᢎ⢒ߩ⁁ߩᡷༀࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆߎߣࠍᔨ㗡ߦޔቇ⠌⠪ߩ⥄ᓞᕈߦߟߡߩࡆࡈ (12 㗄⋡)ޔቇ⠌ⅣႺߦߟߡߩࡆࡈ(2 㗄⋡)ߩ 2 㗔ၞߪ೨ㅀߩవⴕ⎇ⓥࠍෳ⠨ ߦߒߡߞߚޕ 4.5 ࿁╵ᣇᴺ ࿁╵ᣇᴺߪฦޘߩ㗄⋡ߦኻߒߡޔ1㧩ᒝߊ⾥ᚑߔࠆޔ2㧩⾥ᚑߔࠆޔ3㧩ߤߜࠄߢ߽ ߥޔ4㧩ኻߔࠆޔ5㧩ᒝߊኻߔࠆ(ࠞ࠻ࠬࠤ࡞(Likert scale) ዤᐲ4)ޔ ߣ߁ߟߩㆬᛯ⢇ߩਛ߆ࠄ৻ߟࠍㆬࠎߢ╵߃ࠆޕ 4.6 ⺞ᩏߩା㗬ᕈ ା㗬ᕈߦߟߡޔ߹ߕޔ⺞ᩏ㗄⋡ߩౝㇱ৻⽾ᕈ(ା㗬ᕈ)ߦߟߡޔࠢࡠࡦࡃ࠶ࠢ ࠕ࡞ࡈࠔ(Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha)୯5ࠍ᳞ޔᧄ⺞ᩏߩା㗬ᕈCronbach's
Alpha ଖ(ǂ)ߪ 0.805(ㅢᏱ 0.7 એࠍၮḰߣߒߚ)ߢࠆߚޔߎߩਛ࿖⺆ BALLI ߪ㜞ା㗬ᕈࠍᜬߞߡࠆߣ߁ߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆޕ 4 Likert ߩේ⪺ߪ 1932 ᐕߦ⊒ߐࠇߚ߇ޔ◲ẖߢᄙ⋡⊛ߦ↪ߢ߈ޔ߆ߟା㗬ᕈߩ㜞ዤᐲ᭴ᚑᴺ ߢࠆޕේဳߢߪ5 ઙᴺ( 5 Ბ㓏⹏ଔ)߇߽ߜࠄࠇߡࠆޕฦㆬᛯ⢇ߦᢙ୯ࠍਈ߃ߡὐᢙൻߔࠆ(ߚ ߣ߃߫ޔޟᒝߊ⾥ᚑߔࠆ= 5ޠޔޟᒝߊኻߔࠆ=1ޠߥߤ)ޕ 5 ౝ⊛৻⽾ᕈߩ᷹ቯߦߪޔࠢࡠࡦࡃ࠶ࠢ ǂ(Cronbach's Alpha)ଥᢙߣ߁୯ࠍ߽ߜࠆޕߎߩ ǂ ផ᷹ ୯ࠍߺࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅޔߤߩ㗄⋡߇ౝ⊛৻⽾ᕈߦᖡᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡࠆߩ߆߇◲නߦࠊ߆ࠅޔߘߩ⚿ᨐޔ ߤߩ㗄⋡ࠍ㒰ߔࠇ߫⦟ߩ߆ߩ್ᢿ߽ኈᤃߦߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆޕ
5. ⚿ᨐߩಽᨆߣ⠨ኤ
5.1 ቇ⠌⠪ߩ⢛᥊⊛ᖱႎ 5.1.1 ⺞ᩏቇᩞ 5.1.1 ⺞ᩏቇᩞ ቇᩞ ੱᢙ 㧑 ല㧑 ⚥Ⓧ㧑 㕕ቱᄢቇ 208 23.7 23.7 23.7 ᧲๓ᄢቇ 145 16.5 16.5 40.2 㐿ධᄢቇ 79 9.0 9.0 49.1 ㌏ொᄢቇ 29 3.3 3.3 52.4 ᄢ⪲ᄢቇ 83 9.4 9.4 61.9 บਛᛛⴚቇ㒮 83 9.4 9.4 71.3 ୃᐔᛛⴚቇ㒮 88 10.0 10.0 81.3 ዳ᧲ᬺᛛⴚቇ㒮 85 9.7 9.7 91.0 㜞㓶㙅ᣏᄢቇ 46 5.2 5.2 96.2 㜞㓶╙৻⑼ᛛᄢቇ 33 3.8 3.8 100.0 ว⸘ 879 100.0 100.0 ࠕࡦࠤ࠻ߩኻ⽎⠪(࿁ߢ߈ߚ߽ߩ)ߪ㕕ቱᄢቇᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⑼ߩቇ↢ 208 ฬ(ోߩ 23.7%)ޔ᧲๓ᄢቇᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⑼ߩቇ↢ 145 ฬ(ోߩ 16.5%)ޔ㐿ධᄢቇᔕ↪ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ ⑼ߩቇ↢79 ฬ(ోߩ 9.0%)ޔ㌏ொᄢቇᔕ↪ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⑼ߩቇ↢ 29 ฬ(ోߩ 3.3%)ޔ ᄢ⪲ᄢቇᔕ↪ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⑼ߩቇ↢83 ฬ(ోߩ 9.4%)ޔบਛᛛⴚቇ㒮ᔕ↪ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⑼ ߩቇ↢ 83 ฬ(ోߩ 9.4%)ޔୃᐔᛛⴚቇ㒮ᔕ↪ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⑼ߩቇ↢ 88 ฬ(ోߩ 10.0%)ޔዳ᧲ᬺᛛⴚቇ㒮ᔕ↪ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⑼ߩቇ↢ 85 ฬ(ోߩ 9.7%)ޔ㜞㓶㙅ᣏቇ 㒮ᔕ↪ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⑼ߩቇ↢46 ฬ(ోߩ 5.2%)ޔ㜞㓶╙৻⑼ᛛᄢቇᔕ↪ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⑼ߩ ቇ↢33 ฬ(ోߩ 3.8%)ޔว⸘ 10 ᩞޔല࿁╵ᢙߪ 879 ฬߢࠆޕ5.1.2 ቇᐕ 5.1.2 ቇᐕ ੱᢙ 㧑 ലߥ% ⚥Ⓧ㧑 ੑᐕ↢ 484 55.1 55.1 55.1 ྾ᐕ↢ 395 44.9 44.9 100.0 ว⸘ 879 100.0 100.0 ੑᐕ↢ߪ484 ฬ(ోߩ 55.1%)ޔ྾ᐕ↢ߪ 395 ฬ(ోߩ 44.9%)ޔว⸘ 879 ฬߢ ࠆޕ 5.1.3 ᚑ❣ 5.1.3 ᚑ❣ ᰴᢙ 㧑 ലߥ% ⚥Ⓧ㧑 80 ὐએ 461 52.4 52.4 52.4 79-80 ὐ 342 38.9 38.9 91.4 69 ὐએਅ 76 8.6 8.6 100.0 ว⸘ 879 100.0 100.0 ᚑ❣⟲(೨ቇᦼߩ✚ᚑ❣ߩᐔဋ 80 ὐએ)ߪ 461 ฬ(ోߩ 52.4%)ޔᚑ❣ਛ ⟲(೨ቇᦼߩ✚ᚑ❣ߩᐔဋ 79㨪70 ὐ)ߪ 342 ฬోߩ(38.9%)ޔᚑ❣ਅ⟲(೨ቇᦼ ߩ✚ᚑ❣ߩᐔဋ69 ὐએਅ)ߪ 76 ฬ(ోߩ 8.6%)ޔว⸘ 879 ฬߢࠆޕ 5.2 ቇ⠌⠪߇ᜬߟࡆࡈߩะ ࿁⺞ᩏߒߚ 6 㗔ၞBALLIࠕࡦࠤ࠻߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇߚ⚿ᨐࠍ㗔ၞߦ߹ߣࠆߣޔ ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥะ߇ࠄࠇߚޕᧄⓂߢߪ1㨪5 ߩฦ࿁╵ഀว(㧑)ޔ⾥ᚑᵷ₸(㧑)6ޔ࿁ ╵୯ߩᐔဋޔᮡḰᏅ(SD)ࠍ⸥ߒߚޕᐔဋߩૐᣇ߆ࠄ㜞ᣇ߳ߩ߆ࠄਅࡋ ㈩ߒߚޕߔߥࠊߜޔ⾥ᚑነࠅߩࡆࡈ߆ࠄኻነࠅߩࡆࡈ߳ߣਗࠎߢ ࠆޕ 6 ޟ⾥ᚑᵷ₸ޠߪޟᒝߊ⾥ᚑޠޟ⾥ᚑޠߣ࿁╵ߒߚ⠪ߩഀวࠍ␜ߔޕ
5.2.1 ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߩㆡᕈ ߎࠇߪ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߦᔅⷐߥㆡᕈߣ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߩᚑഞޔਇᚑഞࠍᏀฝߔࠆቇ⠌⠪ߩㆡᕈ ߦ㑐ߒߡߩ㗔ၞߢࠆޕ⸒⺆⠌ᓧߦ߅ߡᚽ⢻߿ᕈᩰޔᐕ㦂ޔᕈߥߤߪߤࠎߥ ᗧ߇ࠆ߆ޔߣߞߚ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߩㆡᕈߦ㑐ࠊࠆ㗴ߢࠆޕ⺞ᩏ㗄⋡ߣ࿁╵⚿ ᨐࠍࠍ5.2.1 ߦ߹ߣߚޕ 5.2.1 ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߦኻߔࠆㆡᕈ ᒝߊ⾥ᚑłńᒝߊኻ㧔㧑㧕 ⇟ 㗄⋡ 1 2 3 4 5 ⾥ᚑᵷ₸ ᐔဋ ᮡḰ Ꮕ 3 ᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌ߦߟߡ․ߩᚽ⢻ࠍ߽ߞߡࠆੱ߇ࠆޕ36.30% 55.30% 7.40% 0.90% 0.10% 91.60% 1.73 0.642 1 ሶߤ߽ߪᄢੱࠃࠅ߽ᄖ࿖⺆ࠍ⠌߿ߔޕ 32.80% 55.70% 9.30% 1.90% 0.20% 88.50% 1.81 0.695 2 ৻ߟߩᄖ࿖⺆ࠍߔࠃ߁ߦ ߥߞߚࠄޔઁߩᄖ࿖⺆ࠍ⠌߁ ߩߪ߽ߞߣᤃߒߊߥࠆޕ 5.20% 34.20% 43.50% 16.50% 0.60% 39.40% 2.73 0.817 4 ⑳ߪࠈࠈߥᢎቶᵴേߦ ߁߹ߊෳടߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ ࠆޕ 1.70% 22.40% 69.40% 5.60% 0.90% 24.10% 2.82 0.592 8 ᅚᕈߪ↵ᕈࠃࠅᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌߇ᓧᗧߢࠆޕ 4.60% 33.30% 40.00% 19.10% 3.00% 37.90% 2.83 0.892 9 ৻ߟએߩᄖ࿖⺆ࠍߖࠆੱߪ㗡߇ޕ 4.30% 31.20% 42.30% 19.90% 2.30% 35.50% 2.85 0.867 5 ⑳ߪㆊߦᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌ߦᚑഞߒߚ⚻㛎߇ࠆޕ 3.50% 23.70% 58.50% 13.30% 1.00% 27.20% 2.85 0.727 10 ⑳ߪࠈࠈߥᢎቶᵴേߦ ߁߹ߊෳടߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ ࠆޕ 1.30% 20.00% 65.30% 11.60% 1.80% 21.30% 2.93 0.659 6 ⑳ߪᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌ߦߟߡ․ߥᚽ⢻ࠍᜬߞߡࠆޕ 1.10% 16.70% 57.70% 21.40% 3.10% 17.80% 3.09 0.737 7 ᢙቇ߿⑼ቇ߇ᓧᗧߥੱߪᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌ߪᓧᗧߢߪߥޕ 0.70% 4.60% 42.40% 45.80% 6.50% 5.30% 3.53 0.715 5.2.1 ߩ࿁╵⚿ᨐ߆ࠄޔ10 ᄢቇᐔဋ୯ว⸘߇ 2.50 એਅߩ㗄⋡(⾥ᚑነࠅߩࡆ ࡈ)ࠍㆬࠎߢޔ⚿ᨐࠍⷐ⚂ߒߡߺࠆޕ ⸒⺆ቇ⠌⢻ജߦ㑐ߒߡߩࡆࡈߪޔޟᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌ߦߟߡ․ߩᚽ⢻ࠍ߽ߞߡ ࠆੱ߇ࠆޕ(㗄⋡ 3㧦⸃╵୯ᐔဋ=1.73ޔ⾥ᚑᵷ₸=91.60%)ޠߣ⠨߃ࠆቇ⠌⠪ߩ
ᣇ߇ୟ⊛ߦᄙ߆ߞߚޕߣߎࠈ߇ޔޟ⑳ߪᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌ߦߟߡ․ߥᚽ⢻ࠍᜬߞߡ ࠆޕ(㗄⋡ 6㧦⸃╵୯ᐔဋ=3.09ޔ⾥ᚑᵷ₸=17.80%)ޠߦኻߒߡޔ⾥ᚑߔࠆቇ⠌⠪ ߩᢙߪᔅߕߒ߽ᄙߊߥ߆ߞߚޕߎߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄޔᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌ߦᚽ⢻ߩࠆੱߪࠆ ߇ޔ⥄ಽߦߪߘߩᚽ⢻߇ߥߣ⠨߃ߡࠆੱ߇Ყセ⊛ᄙߣ߁ߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆޕ ߹ߚޔޟሶߤ߽ߪᄢੱࠃࠅ߽ᄖ࿖⺆ࠍ⠌߿ߔޕ(㗄⋡ 1㧦⸃╵୯ᐔဋ=1.81ޔ⾥ ᚑᵷ₸=88.50%)ޠߣ⠨߃ߡࠆቇ⠌⠪߇Ყセ⊛ᄙ߆ߞߚޕ 5.2.2 ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߩ㔍ᤃᐲ ߎߩ㗄⋡ߪ╙ 2 ᄖ࿖⺆ߣߒߡᣣᧄ⺆ࠍቇ߱ߎߣߩ㔍ߒߐߦ㑐ߒߡߩ㗔ၞߢࠆޕ ⋡ᮡ⸒⺆ࠍ㔍ߒߣᗵߓࠆ߆ޔᤃߒߣᗵߓࠆ߆ޔ⠌ᓧߔࠆ⥄ା߇ࠆ߆ߥߤߩ 㗴ࠍࠎߢࠆޕ⺞ᩏ㗄⋡ߣ࿁╵⚿ᨐࠍ5.2.2 ߦ߹ߣߚޕ 5.2.2 ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߩ㔍ᤃᐲ ᒝߊ⾥ᚑłńᒝߊኻ㧔㧑㧕 ⇟ 㗄⋡ 1 2 3 4 5 ⾥ᚑᵷ₸ ᐔဋ ᮡḰ Ꮕ 12 ⑳ߪߟ߆ᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߣᕁ߁ޕ 14.30% 55.20% 28.50% 1.40% 0.60% 69.50% 2.19 0.712 13 ᣣᧄ⺆ߪᦠߊࠃࠅߔ߶߁߇㔍ߒޕ 14.30% 43.00% 27.90% 13.20% 1.70% 57.30% 2.45 0.948 11 ᣣᧄ⺆ߪ(1)ߣߡ߽㔍ߒ⸒ ⺆ߛޕ(2)㔍ߒ⸒⺆ߛޕ(3) ߰ߟ߁(4)ᤃߒ⸒⺆ߛޕ(5) ߣߡ߽ᤃߒ⸒⺆ߛޕ 3.90% 34.90% 47.50% 13.00% 0.60% 38.80% 2.71 0.762 14 ᣣᧄ⺆ߪ⡞ߊࠃࠅߔ߶߁߇㔍ߒޕ 9.30% 33.30% 34.90% 20.90% 1.70% 42.60% 2.72 0.951 15 ߽ߒࠆੱ߇㧝ᣣ㧝ᤨ㑆⸒ ⺆ቇ⠌ߔࠆߣߒߚࠄޔߘߩ⸒ ⪲߇ᚻߦߥࠆߦߪߤߩߊ ࠄ߆߆ࠆߣᕁ߹ߔ߆ޕ 0.60% 17.60% 46.30% 16.10% 19.40% 18.20% 3.36 1.005 ߩ࿁╵⚿ᨐ߆ࠄޔޟᣣᧄ⺆ߪ㔍ߒ⸒⺆㧔㗄⋡ 㧦⾥ᚑᵷ₸ ޔ ߹ߚߪޔᣣᧄ⺆ߪਛ⒟ᐲߦ㔍ߒ⸒⺆㧔⾥ᚑᵷ₸ 㧕㧕ߣ߁⸃╵୯߆ࠄ್ ᢿߒߡޔᄖ࿖⺆ߩਛߢ߽ᣣᧄ⺆ߪ㔍ߒޔࠆߪਛ⒟ᐲߦ㔍ߒߣᗵߓߡࠆ ࠄߒޕߒ߆ߒޔᣣᧄ⺆߇㔍ߒޔࠆߪਛ⒟ᐲߦ㔍ߒ߇ޔޟ⥄ಽߪߟ߆ᣣ ᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߣᕁ߁ޕ㗄⋡ 㧦⸃╵୯ᐔဋ ޔ⾥ᚑᵷ ޠߣ߁೨ะ߈ߥࡆࡈࠍᜬߞߡࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆޕ
㗄⋡15ޟ㧝ᣣ㧝ᤨ㑆⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߔࠆߣߒߚࠄޔߘߩ⸒⪲߇ᚻߦߥࠆߦߪߤߩߊ ࠄ߆߆ࠆ߆ޕޠߦߟߡޔบḧߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߪޔ3㨪5 ᐕߢᚻߦߥࠆߣ࿁╵ ߒߚ߽ߩ߇ᦨ߽ᄙߊ․ᓽ⊛ߢࠆ(ᐔဋ 3.36)ޕ 5.2.3 ቇ⠌⠪ߩ․ᕈ ߎߩ㗔ၞߪቇ⠌⠪ߩᕈᩰߦ㑐ࠊࠆ㗴ࠍࠎߢࠆޕ⺞ᩏ㗄⋡ߣ࿁╵⚿ᨐࠍ 5.2.3 ߦ߹ߣߚޕ 5.2.3 ቇ⠌⠪ߩ․ᕈ ᒝߊ⾥ᚑłńᒝߊኻ㧔㧑㧕 ⇟ 㗄⋡ 1 2 3 4 5 ⾥ᚑᵷ₸ ᐔဋ ᮡḰ Ꮕ 21 ᣣᧄ⺆ࠍߔᤨޔ㑆㆑ߞߚߎߣࠍ⸒߁ߩ߇ᕯߕ߆ߒޕ 10.50% 50.60% 30.80% 7.40% 0.60% 61.10% 2.37 0.794 22 ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⊒ߪ⥄ା߇ߥ ߇ޔ⥄ಽߩ࿖ߩߎߣ߫ߢߥ ࠄޔ⥄ା߇ࠆޕ 13.40% 41.70% 37.00% 7.20% 0.60% 55.10% 2.40 0.832 16 ࠢࠬోߢߔࠃࠅޔዊߐ ߥ2-3 ੱߩࠣ࡞ࡊߩᤨࠃߊ ߔޕ 6.60% 51.90% 33.70% 7.40% 0.40% 58.50% 2.43 0.743 24 ᣣᧄੱߣߔᤨޔ⤪∛ߦߥࠆޕ 10.10% 46.70% 32.40% 9.70% 1.00% 56.80% 2.45 0.841 18 ᣣᧄ⺆ߢੱ೨ߢ⊒ߔࠆߩ߇ᕯߕ߆ߒޕ 9.30% 41.90% 41.30% 7.00% 0.40% 51.20% 2.47 0.776 20 Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦෳടߢ߈ࠆᢎቶᵴ േ߇ߚߊߐࠎࠆᬺ߇ᅢ ߈ߛޕ 1.40% 23.10% 63.40% 10.70% 1.20% 24.50% 2.87 0.656 25 ⑳ߪ⻠⟵ࠍ⡞ߊߩ߇ᅢ߈ߥ ߩߢޔቇ↢ߦߐߖࠃ߁ߣߔ ࠆᢎᏧߩᬺߦߪࠊߥޕ 5.00% 29.30% 41.70% 21.10% 2.90% 34.30% 2.88 0.897 23 ⥄ಽߩᗧ߿⠨߃ࠍߥ߆ߥ ߆ญߢߢ߈ߥߎߣ߇ ᄙޕ 4.30% 23.80% 47.50% 22.50% 1.90% 28.10% 2.94 0.842 26 ࠣ࡞ࡊߢീᒝߔࠆࠃࠅޔ৻ੱߢീᒝߔࠆ߶߁߇ᅢ߈ߛޕ 4.10% 15.10% 45.00% 31.40% 4.30% 19.20% 3.17 0.882 17 ᣣᧄ⺆ߢੱ೨ߢ⊒ߔࠆߩ߇ᅢ߈ߛޕ 0.60% 9.10% 62.00% 25.60% 2.70% 9.70% 3.21 0.661 19 ᣣᧄ⺆ߩᬺߢߪޔߟ߽Ⓧ ᭂ⊛ߦ⾰ߒߚࠅޔߒߚࠅ ߔࠆޕ 0.80% 7.50% 63.60% 26.10% 2.10% 8.30% 3.21 0.638
5.2.3 ߩ࿁╵⚿ᨐ߆ࠄޔ10 ᄢቇᐔဋ୯ว⸘߇ 2.50 એਅߩ㗄⋡(⾥ᚑነࠅߩࡆ ࡈ)ࠍㆬࠎߢޔ⚿ᨐࠍⷐ⚂ߒߡߺࠆޕ ޟᣣᧄ⺆ࠍߔᤨޔ㑆㆑ߞߚߎߣࠍ⸒߁ߩ߇ᕯߕ߆ߒޕ(㗄⋡ 21㧦⸃╵୯ᐔ ဋ=2.37ޔ⾥ᚑᵷ₸=61.10%)ޠޔޟᣣᧄ⺆ߢੱ೨ߢ⊒ߔࠆߩ߇ᕯߕ߆ߒޕ(㗄⋡ 18㧦⸃╵୯ᐔဋ=2.47ޔ⾥ᚑᵷ₸=51.2%)ޠߣ⠨߃ߡࠆቇ⠌⠪߇ 50%એࠆޕ ߒߡ㜞⾥ᚑᵷ₸ߣߪ⸒߃ߥ߇ޔඨಽએߩੱߪੱ೨ߢߩ⊒ࠍህޔᕯߕ ߆ߒ߇ࠆะ߇ᒝࠃ߁ߦᕁ߃ࠆޕ߹ߚޔޟᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⊒ߪ⥄ା߇ߥ߇ޔ⥄ಽߩ ࿖ߩߎߣ߫ߢߥࠄޔ⥄ା߇ࠆޕ(㗄⋡ 22㧦⸃╵୯ᐔဋ=2.40ޔ⾥ᚑᵷ₸=55.10%)ޠޔ ޟࠢࠬోߢߔࠃࠅޔዊߐߥ2-3 ੱߩࠣ࡞ࡊߩᤨࠃߊߔޕ(㗄⋡ 16㧦⸃╵ ୯ᐔဋ=2.43ޔ⾥ᚑᵷ₸=58.50%)ޠޔޟᣣᧄੱߣߔߣ߈ޔ⤪∛ߦߥࠆޕ(㗄⋡ 24㧦 ⸃╵୯ᐔဋ=2.45ޔ⾥ᚑᵷ₸=56.80%)ޠߣᗵߓߡࠆቇ⠌⠪߽ 50%એࠆޕߟ߹ ࠅޔඨಽએߩੱߪ߹ࠅ⥄ାࠍᜬߞߡߥߣ߁ߎߣ߇߁߆߇߃ࠆޕ 5.2.4 ቇ⠌⠪ߩ⥄ᓞᕈ Rubin(1987)ߪޔ⸒⺆ᵴേߦ㓙ߒߡޔੱ㑆ߦߪഃㅧ⊛⢻ജ(creative faculty)ߣᛕ್ ⊛⢻ജ(critical faculty)ߩ 2 ߟߩ㊀ⷐߥ⢻ജ߇ߊߣߒߚޕ೨⠪ߪޔੱ㑆ߩౝㇱߦ ⫾Ⓧߐࠇߚ⍮⼂߿ⷙೣࠍជࠅߎߒޔㆡಾߥ⸒⺆ᵴേ߃߫ޟߔޠޟ⺒ޠࠍ↥ ߔࠆ⢻ജߢࠅޔᓟ⠪ߪޔ⥄ࠄߩ⸒⺆ᵴേࠍ⋥ߒߡޔᔅⷐߥ⺆ᒵ߇⣕⪭ߒߡ ߥ߆ޔᢥᴺ⊛ߥ⺋ࠅ߇ߥ߆ޔ␠ળ⸒⺆ቇ⊛ߦਇㆡᒰߥᣇ߇ߥ߆ߥߤ ࠍ⥄Ꮖࡕ࠾࠲ߔࠆ⢻ജߢࠆޕߔߥࠊߜޔޟቇ⠌ᵴേߩౝ⋭ޠńޟ⺋ࠅ߿㗴ὐ ߩ⊒ޠńޟ⺋ࠅ߿㑆㆑ߩේ࿃ㅊⓥޠńޟ⸓ᱜޠńޟࡈࠖ࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢ⏕ޠ ߩ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ㆊ⒟ࠍ⥄ᓞ⊛ߦⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ⢻ജߢࠆޕRubin ߪޔߎߩࠃ߁ߥ ⷞὐߦ┙ߞߡޔቇ⠌⠪⥄ࠄߩ⥄ᓞ⊛ߥౝ⋭߿⥄ⷡߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆޕ 5.2.4 ߩ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐߦบḧߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ߦ߅ߌࠆ⥄ᓞᕈߩࠅ᭽ࠍតߞߡ ߺࠃ߁ޕ
5.2.4 ቇ⠌⠪ߩ⥄ᓞᕈ ᒝߊ⾥ᚑłńᒝߊኻ㧔㧑㧕 ⇟ 㗄⋡ 1 2 3 4 5 ⾥ᚑᵷ₸ ᐔဋ ᮡḰ Ꮕ 34 ⑳ߪദജߔࠇ߫ᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߥࠆߣାߓߡࠆޕ 36.60% 50.70% 10.60% 1.70% 0.50% 87.30% 1.79 0.733 36 ⚦߆㑆㆑ࠍ᳇ߦߖߕޔⓍᭂ⊛ߦᣣᧄ⺆ࠍߔߴ߈ߛޕ26.00% 54.90% 16.90% 2.10% 0.20% 80.90% 1.96 0.728 32 ⥄ಽߩ㑆㆑ࠍ⥄ಽߢ࠴ࠚ ࠶ࠢߔࠆᤨޔ৻⇟ቇ⠌ߢ߈ ࠆޕ 14.10% 64.50% 18.90% 2.30% 0.20% 78.60% 2.10 0.658 38 ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ߩߤߩㇱ ಽࠍᡷༀߔࠆߴ߈߆ࠊ߆ߞ ߡࠆޕ 10.60% 58.40% 26.50% 4.30% 0.10% 69.00% 2.25 0.702 28 ⥄ಽߢᣂߒߎߣߦᚢߔࠆߩ߇ᅢ߈ߛޕ 10.70% 42.00% 42.80% 4.10% 0.50% 52.70% 2.42 0.753 29 ᣣᧄ⺆ࠍቇ⠌ߔࠆᤨޔᢎᏧߦഥ⸒ࠍ᳞ࠆߩ߇ᅢ߈ߛޕ 7.30% 42.80% 46.90% 3.00% 0.00% 50.10% 2.46 0.673 30 ⥄ಽ⥄りߢ㗴ߩ⸃ࠍߟߌࠆߩ߇ᅢ߈ߛޕ 5.00% 47.00% 42.40% 5.20% 0.30% 52.00% 2.49 0.69 27 ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆ߩീᒝᣇᴺࠍᜬߞߡࠆޕ 6.10% 43.30% 43.00% 6.70% 0.80% 49.40% 2.53 0.745 35 ⑳ߪᢎᏧߩ⸒߁ㅢࠅീᒝߔ ࠇ߫㆐߇ᣧߊߥࠆߣᕁߞ ߡࠆޕ 7.20% 40.40% 45.40% 6.40% 0.60% 47.60% 2.53 0.745 31 ⥄ಽ߇ߤߩ⒟ᐲቇ⠌ߢ߈ߚ ߆ࠍ⥄ಽߢ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢߔࠆᣇ ᴺ߇ࠆޕ 3.90% 36.30% 48.10% 11.20% 0.60% 40.20% 2.68 0.743 37 ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⊒㖸ߪ⡞߈߿ߔߣᕁ߁ޕ 4.90% 27.20% 56.30% 10.70% 0.90% 32.10% 2.76 0.743 33 ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆⠌ᓧࠍ㒖ኂߔࠆ߽ߩߦߟߡᢎᏧߣߔޕ 5.00% 28.00% 52.30% 13.70% 1.00% 33.00% 2.78 0.78 5.2.4 ߩ࿁╵⚿ᨐ߆ࠄޔ10 ᄢቇᐔဋ୯ว⸘߇ 2.50 એਅߩ㗄⋡(⾥ᚑነࠅߩࡆ ࡈ)ࠍㆬࠎߢޔ⚿ᨐࠍⷐ⚂ߒߡߺࠆޕ ޟ⥄ಽߪദജߔࠇ߫ᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߥࠆߣାߓߡࠆޕ(㗄⋡ 34㧦⸃╵୯ᐔဋ =1.79ޔ⾥ᚑᵷ₸=87.30%)ޠߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔᭂߡ㜞⾥ᚑᵷ₸ࠍ␜ߒߡࠆޕߟ߹ ࠅޔߪߞ߈ࠅߣߒߚ⋡⊛ࠍᜬߜޔദജߔࠇ߫ᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߥࠆߣାߓߡࠆޕ
ߘߩߚޔޟ⚦߆㑆㆑ࠍ᳇ߦߖߕޔⓍᭂ⊛ߦᣣᧄ⺆ࠍߔߴ߈ߛޕ(㗄⋡ 36㧦 ⸃╵୯ᐔဋ=1.96ޔ⾥ᚑᵷ₸=80.90%)ޠߣ⠨߃ߡࠆޕ߹ߚޔޟ⥄ಽߩ㑆㆑ࠍ⥄ ಽߢ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢߔࠆᤨޔ৻⇟ቇ⠌ߢ߈ࠆޕ(㗄⋡ 32㧦⸃╵୯ᐔဋ=2.10ޔ⾥ᚑᵷ₸ =78.60%)ޠߣޟ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ߩߤߩㇱಽࠍᡷༀߔࠆߴ߈߆ࠊ߆ߞߡࠆޕ(㗄 ⋡ 38㧦⸃╵୯ᐔဋ=2.25ޔ⾥ᚑᵷ₸=69.00%)ޠߦ㑐ߒߡ߽ޔ㜞⾥ᚑᵷ₸ࠍ␜ߒ ߡࠆޕߎߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ್ᢿߒߡޔบḧߩቇ↢ߪ⥄ࠄߩቇ⠌ᵴേࠍౝ⋭ߒޔቇ⠌ㆊ ⒟ࠍ⥄Ꮖ▤ℂߒߡߊߎߣߦߪޔᘠࠇߡࠆߣ⸒߃ߘ߁ߢࠆޕߐࠄߦޔޟ⥄ಽߢ ᣂߒߎߣߦᚢߔࠆߩ߇ᅢ߈ߛޕ(㗄⋡ 28㧦⸃╵୯ᐔဋ=2.42ޔ⾥ᚑᵷ₸=52.70%)ޠޔ ޟ⥄ಽ⥄りߢ㗴ߩ⸃ࠍߟߌࠆߩ߇ᅢ߈ߛޕ(㗄⋡ 30㧦⸃╵୯ᐔဋ=2.49ޔ⾥ ᚑᵷ₸=52.00%)ޠߣ⠨߃ߡࠆቇ⠌⠪߇ 50%એࠆޕ৻ᣇߢޔޟᣣᧄ⺆ࠍቇ⠌ ߔࠆᤨޔᢎᏧߦഥ⸒ࠍ᳞ࠆߩ߇ᅢ߈ߛޕ(㗄⋡ 29㧦⸃╵୯ᐔဋ=2.46ޔ⾥ᚑᵷ₸ =50.10%)ޠߣ߁ࡆࡈࠍᜬߞߡ߅ࠅޔߟ߹ࠅޔቇ⠌ߩ㗴߇⊒↢ߒߚᤨ߽ޔ ⥄ಽ⥄りߢߘߩ⸃╷ࠍតߞߚࠅᢎᏧߣߦ⸃ߦദߚࠅߔࠆะߦࠆޕ 5.2.5 ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߩേᯏ ߎࠇߪቇ⠌⠪߇ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ߦ㑐ㅪߒߡᛴߡࠆ᰼᳞ߣ㑐ଥ߇ࠆ㗔ၞߢࠅޔ ⛔ว⊛േᯏߠߌߣౕ⊛േᯏߠߌߥߤߩ㗴ࠍࠎߢࠆޕ
Gardner and Lambert㧔1972)ߪ␠ળᔃℂቇ⊛ߥⷰὐ߆ࠄቇ⠌⠪ߩേᯏࠍ⛔ว⊛ േᯏߠߌ(integrative motivation)ߣౕ⊛േᯏߠߌ(instrumental motivation)ߦ ߒߚޕ⛔ว⊛േᯏߠߌߪޔ⋡ᮡ⸒⺆⠪ᢥൻߩℂ⸃ࠍᷓࠆߚߦޔࠆ ߪ⋡ᮡ⸒⺆㓸࿅ߦෳടߒޔࠃࠅᄙߊߩੱߣᵹߔࠆߚߦޔߘߩ㓸࿅ߢߐࠇߡ ࠆ⸒⺆ߩ⢻ജࠍะߐߖߚޔᦨ⚳⊛ߦ⥄ಽ߽ߘߩหߩ৻ຬߦߥࠅߚߣ ߁േᯏߠߌߢࠆޕ৻ᣇޔౕ⊛േᯏߠߌߪޔ⡯ࠍᓧࠆߚߦߢࠆߥߤ ߣߞߚታ↪⊛ߥℂ↱߆ࠄޔࠆᣂߒ⸒⺆ߩ⢻ജࠍะߐߖߚޔߊ߹ߢ߽ ࠆ⋡⊛ࠍ㆐ߔࠆߚߩ৻⒳ߩౕߣߒߡ⸒⺆ࠍቇ⠌ߔࠆ႐วߩേᯏߠߌߢࠆޕ 5.2.5 ߩ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐߦบḧߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߩേᯏߠߌߩࠅ᭽ࠍតߞߡߺࠃ߁ޕ
5.2.5 ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߩേᯏ ᒝߊ⾥ᚑłńᒝߊኻ㧔㧑㧕 ⇟ 㗄⋡ 1 2 3 4 5 ⾥ᚑᵷ₸ ᐔဋ ᮡḰ Ꮕ 42 ⑳ߪᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅߚޕ 63.40% 30.60% 4.40% 1.00% 0.50% 94.00% 1.44 0.673 40 ᣣᧄ⺆߇ߖࠇ߫ޔዞ⡯ߩ࠴ࡖࡦࠬ߇ࠆޕ 45.80% 42.50% 9.70% 1.80% 0.20% 88.30% 1.68 0.74 39 ⑳ߪᣣᧄੱߩ㆐߇߶ߒޕ 43.40% 39.70% 15.50% 1.10% 0.20% 83.10% 1.75 0.77 41 ⑳ߪᣣᧄߩߎߣࠍ߽ߞߣ⍮ ࠅߚߩߢᣣᧄ⺆ࠍቇ⠌ߒ ߡࠆޕ 20.30% 39.00% 32.80% 7.20% 0.80% 59.30% 2.29 0.897 43 ⑳ߩ࿖ߢߪޔᣣᧄ⺆ࠍߖࠆ ߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߛߣᕁࠊࠇߡ ࠆޕ 6.80% 29.80% 53.90% 8.70% 0.80% 36.60% 2.67 0.762 5.2.5 ߩ࿁╵⚿ᨐ߆ࠄޔ10 ᄢቇᐔဋ୯ว⸘߇ 2.50 એਅߩ㗄⋡(⾥ᚑነࠅߩࡆ ࡈ)ࠍㆬࠎߢޔ⚿ᨐࠍⷐ⚂ߒߡߺࠆޕ ޟ⑳ߪᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅߚޕ(㗄⋡ 42㧦⸃╵୯ᐔဋ=1.44ޔ⾥ ᚑᵷ₸=94%)ޠߣ߁ᒝቇ⠌േᯏࠍᜬߞߡࠆޕᰴߦޟ⑳ߪᣣᧄੱߩ㆐߇߶ ߒޕ(㗄⋡ 39㧦⸃╵୯ᐔဋ=1.75ޔ⾥ᚑᵷ₸=83.1%)ޠޔߣޟ⑳ߪᣣᧄߩߎߣࠍ߽ ߞߣ⍮ࠅߚߩߢᣣᧄ⺆ࠍቇ⠌ߒߡࠆޕ(㗄⋡ 41㧦⸃╵୯ᐔဋ=2.29ޔ⾥ᚑᵷ₸ =59.3%)ޠߣ߁േᯏ߽߆ߥࠅ⏕ߢࠆޕߟ߹ࠅޔบḧߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߪᣣᧄ␠ ળߣߩ㑐ଥߦᄙߊࠍᦼᓙߒߡࠆߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚޕᄖ࿖⺆ࠍቇ⠌ߔࠆߦᒰ ߚࠅޔߘߩ⸒⺆߇ߐࠇߡࠆ࿖߿ߘߩੱޘߣࠄ߆ߩᒻߢ㑐ࠊࠅߚߣᕁ߁ߩ ߪ⥄ὼߥߎߣߢࠆޕ ߹ߚޔޟᣣᧄ⺆߇ߖࠇ߫ޔዞ⡯ߩ࠴ࡖࡦࠬ߇ࠆޕ(㗄 ⋡40㧦⸃╵୯ᐔဋ=1.68ޔ⾥ᚑᵷ₸=88.3%)ޠߣ߁ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⠌ᓧࠍዞ⡯ߩ࠴ ࡖࡦࠬߩᚻᲑߣᝒ߃ޔᒝౕ⊛േᯏࠍᜬߞߡࠆߎߣߪޔบḧߩᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ ᖱߣߒߡ㊀ⷐߢࠆޕ
5.2.6 ቇ⠌ⅣႺ ߎߩ㗔ၞߪቇ⠌ⅣႺߦ㑐ࠊࠆ㗴ࠍࠎߢࠆޕ⺞ᩏ㗄⋡ߣ࿁╵⚿ᨐࠍ 5.2.6 ߦ߹ߣߚޕ 5.2.6 ቇ⠌ⅣႺ ᒝߊ⾥ᚑłńᒝߊኻ㧔㧑㧕 ⇟ 㗄⋡ 1 2 3 4 5 ⾥ᚑᵷ₸ ᐔဋ ᮡḰ Ꮕ 45 ᬺએᄖߢߪޔ⥄ಽߩ࿖ߩ⸒⪲ࠍ߁ߎߣ߇ᄙޕ 29.70% 50.20% 17.10% 2.80% 0.10% 79.90% 1.93 0.767 44 ቇᩞએᄖߢᣣᧄੱߣߔᯏળ߇ࠃߊࠆޕ 6.00% 12.40% 35.10% 36.60% 9.90% 18.40% 3.32 1.013 5.2.6 ߩ࿁╵⚿ᨐ߆ࠄޔ10 ᄢቇᐔဋ୯ว⸘߇ 2.50 એਅߩ㗄⋡(⾥ᚑነࠅߩࡆ ࡈ)ࠍㆬࠎߢޔ⚿ᨐࠍⷐ⚂ߒߡߺࠆޕ ޟᬺએᄖߢߪޔ⥄ಽߩ࿖ߩ⸒⪲ࠍ߁ߎߣ߇ᄙޕ(㗄⋡ 45㧦⸃╵୯ᐔဋ=1.93ޔ ⾥ᚑᵷ₸=79.9%)ޠߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ㜞⾥ᚑᵷ₸ࠍ␜ߒߡ߅ࠅޔߟ߹ࠅޔบḧߩᣣᧄ ⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߪᲣ࿖⺆ߩ↪㗫ᐲ߇㜞ߊߥߞߡࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ 5.3 ቇ⠌ᦼ㑆ߩᏅߦࠃࠆࡆࡈߩ㆑ Horwitz(1987)ߪޔቇ⠌⠪ߩࡆࡈߪޔ⍮ࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞߿ᖱᗧ⊛ߥ⻉ⷐ࿃ߦᲧߴߡ ᄌൻߐߖࠆߎߣ߇ኈᤃߢࠆߣㅀߴߡࠆޕቇ⠌⠪ߩࡆࡈ߇นᄌ⊛ߢࠆߣ ߔࠇ߫ޔᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌㐿ᆎ⋥ᓟߣ㐿ᆎᓟᐕᢙ߇⚻ㆊߒߡࠆ႐วߣߢߪޔቇ⠌⠪ߩ ࡆࡈߦࠄ߆ߩᄌൻ߇ࠆߪߕߢࠆޕߘߩᄌൻߩะࠍᛠីߔࠆߎߣ߽ޔ ቇ⠌⠪ࠍ⍮ࠆߣ߁ᗧߢ㊀ⷐߢࠆޕߘߒߡޔߘߩᄌൻߩਛߦቇ⠌㗴ߣߥ ࠅߘ߁ߥࡆࡈ߇⊒ߢ߈ࠇ߫ޔߘࠇࠍၮߦᜰዉᣇᴺࠍᬌ⸛ߒ⋥ߔߎߣ߽ߢ߈ ࠆޕ ߘߎߢޔߎߎߢߪޔቇᐕ2 ᐕᰴߣቇᐕ 4 ᐕᰴߩੑߟߩቇ⠌⠪ࠣ࡞ࡊߦಽߌߡ Ყセߒߚޕ2 ࠣ࡞ࡊߩࡆࡈߩᏅ⇣ࠍࠆ⋡⊛ߢޔߔߴߡߩ㗄⋡(45 㗄⋡)ߦ ኻߒߡޔt ᬌቯࠍⴕߞߚޕ2 ࠣ࡞ࡊߩ࿁╵ߩᐔဋࠍᲧセߒޔtᬌቯ 5%(㗼⪺ᕈ p <.05) ᳓ḰߢᗧᏅ߇ߚ߽ߩߦߟߡ⚿ᨐࠍ␜ߒ⠨ኤࠍട߃ࠆޕߘߩ⚿ᨐߪ 5.3 ߩ ࠃ߁ߦ߹ߣࠄࠇࠆޕ
5.3 ቇ⠌ᦼ㑆ߩᏅߦࠃࠆࡆࡈߩ㆑ ᐔဋᢙ(ᮡḰᏅ) ⇟ 㗄⋡ ੑᐕ↢ ྾ᐕ↢ ᐔဋᏅ Pଖ7 26 ࠣ࡞ࡊߢീᒝߔࠆࠃࠅޔ৻ੱߢീᒝߔࠆ߶߁߇ᅢ߈ߛޕ 3.17(.882) 2.95(.895) 0.221 .000** 38 ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ߩߤߩㇱಽࠍᡷༀߔࠆߴ߈߆ࠊ߆ߞߡࠆޕ 2.31(.701) 2.18(.697) 0.131 .006* 25 ⑳ߪ⻠⟵ࠍ⡞ߊߩ߇ᅢ߈ߥߩߢޔቇ↢ߦߐߖࠃ߁ߣߔࠆᢎᏧߩᬺߦߪࠊߥޕ 2.88(.897) 2.74(.928) 0.134 .030* 16 ࠢࠬోߢߔࠃࠅޔዊߐߥࡊߩᤨࠃߊߔޕ 2-3 ੱߩࠣ࡞ 2.43(.743) 2.59(.839) -0.163 .003* 12 ⑳ߪߟ߆ᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߣᕁ߁ޕ 2.19(.712) 2.31(.702) -0.119 .013* 41 ⑳ߪᣣᧄߩߎߣࠍ߽ߞߣ⍮ࠅߚߩߢᣣᧄ⺆ࠍቇ⠌ߒߡࠆޕ 2.23(.897) 2.37(.893) -0.140 .022* 29 ᣣᧄ⺆ࠍቇ⠌ߔࠆᤨޔᢎᏧߦഥ⸒ࠍ᳞ࠆߩ߇ᅢ߈ߛޕ 2.41(.671) 2.51(.673) -0.097 .034* 5.3 ߩ࿁╵⚿ᨐ߆ࠄޔቇ⠌ᦼ㑆ߢᗧᏅ߇ߚߩߪ⸥ 7 㗄⋡ߢߞߚޕ 㗄⋡26, 38, 25 ߩᐔဋᏅߪࡊࠬߢࠅޔߟ߹ࠅޔቇᐕ 4 ᐕᰴ߇ቇᐕ 2 ᐕᰴࠃࠅ 㜞ะࠍ␜ߒߡࠆ(4 ᐕᰴߩ߶߁߇࿁╵୯ᐔဋ߇ዊߐ)ޕㅒߦޔ㗄⋡ 16,12,41, 29 ߩᐔဋᏅߪࡑࠗ࠽ࠬߢࠅޔߟ߹ࠅޔቇᐕ 2 ᐕᰴ߇ቇᐕ 4 ᐕᰴࠃࠅ㜞ะ߇ ߐࠇߚ(2 ᐕᰴߩ߶߁߇࿁╵୯ᐔဋ߇ዊߐ㧕ޕ (1) ቇᐕ 4 ᐕᰴߩ߶߁߇ቇᐕ 2 ᐕᰴࠃࠅ㜞ะ߇ߐࠇࠆ㗄⋡ 㗄⋡26ޟࠣ࡞ࡊߢീᒝߔࠆࠃࠅޔ৻ੱߢീᒝߔࠆ߶߁߇ᅢ߈ߛޕޠ 㗄⋡38ޟ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ߩߤߩㇱಽࠍᡷༀߔࠆߴ߈߆ࠊ߆ߞߡࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡25ޟ⑳ߪ⻠⟵ࠍ⡞ߊߩ߇ᅢ߈ߥߩߢޔቇ↢ߦߐߖࠃ߁ߣߔࠆᢎᏧ ߩᬺߦߪࠊߥޕޠ 7 **㗼⪺ᕈp <.01 ᳓Ḱߢޔ*㗼⪺ᕈp <.0㧡᳓Ḱߢࠆޕ
(2) ቇᐕ 2 ᐕᰴߩ߶߁߇ቇᐕ 4 ᐕᰴࠃࠅ㜞ะ߇ߐࠇࠆ㗄⋡ 㗄⋡16ޟࠢࠬోߢߔࠃࠅޔዊߐߥ 2-3 ੱߩࠣ࡞ࡊߩᤨࠃߊߔޕޠ 㗄⋡12ޟ⑳ߪߟ߆ᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߣᕁ߁ޕޠ 㗄⋡41ޟ⑳ߪᣣᧄߩߎߣࠍ߽ߞߣ⍮ࠅߚߩߢᣣᧄ⺆ࠍቇ⠌ߒߡࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡29ޟᣣᧄ⺆ࠍቇ⠌ߔࠆᤨޔᢎᏧߦഥ⸒ࠍ᳞ࠆߩ߇ᅢ߈ߛޕޠ એߩ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄޔቇᐕ2 ᐕᰴߣቇᐕ 4 ᐕᰴߩ㑆ߦࠆ⒟ᐲߩࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ߿Ꮕ ⇣߇ሽߒߡࠆߣ߁ߎߣ߇್ߒߚޕቇ⠌ᱧ৻ᐕߋࠄ(ቇᐕ 2 ᐕᰴ)ߩቇ⠌ ⠪ߪޔޟ⥄ಽߪߟ߆ᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆޕޠߣ߁ࠃࠅ೨ะ߈ߥࡆ ࡈࠍᜬߞߡࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠅޔ߹ߚޔޟᣣᧄߩߎߣࠍ߽ߞߣ⍮ࠅߚޕޠߣ ߁ࠃࠅ⛔ว⊛ߥᔒะ߇ᒝߩߢࠆޕߐࠄߦޔޟᢎᏧߦഥ⸒ࠍ᳞ࠆߩ߇ᅢ߈ޔࠢ ࠬోߢߔࠃࠅޔዊߐߥ2-3 ੱߩࠣ࡞ࡊߩᤨࠃߊߔޕޠߣᒝߊᗵߓߡࠆ ߇ޔቇ⠌ᦼ㑆߇㐳ߊߥࠆߦߟࠇߡޔቇ⠌ᱧਃᐕߋࠄ(ቇᐕ 4 ᐕᰴ)ߩቇ⠌ߪޔޟ৻ ੱߢീᒝߔࠆ߶߁߇ᅢ߈ߛޕޠޔޟ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ߩߤߩㇱಽࠍᡷༀߔࠆߴ߈߆ࠊ ߆ߞߡࠆޕޠޔޟ⻠⟵ࠍ⡞ߊߩ߇ᅢ߈ޔቇ↢ߦߐߖࠃ߁ߣߔࠆᢎᏧߩᬺߦߪ ࠊߥޕޠߣ߁ะ߇Ⴧടߒߡࠆޕ 5.4 ↵ᅚߦࠃࠆࡆࡈߩ㆑ ߎߎߢߪޔ↵ᅚߩᜬߟࡆࡈࠍੑߟߩࠣ࡞ࡊߦಽߌߡᲧセߒߚޕ2 ࠣ࡞ࡊ ߩࡆࡈߩᏅ⇣ࠍࠆ⋡⊛ߢޔߔߴߡߩ㗄⋡(45 㗄⋡)ߦኻߒߡޔt ᬌቯࠍⴕߞߚޕ 2 ࠣ࡞ࡊߩ࿁╵ߩᐔဋࠍᲧセߒޔtᬌቯ 5%(㗼⪺ᕈ p <.05)᳓ḰߢᗧᏅ߇ߚ߽ ߩߦߟߡ⚿ᨐࠍ␜ߒ⠨ኤࠍട߃ࠆޕߘߩ⚿ᨐߪ5.4 ߩࠃ߁ߦ߹ߣࠄࠇࠆޕ
5.4 ↵ᅚߦࠃࠆࡆࡈߩ㆑ ᐔဋᢙ(ᮡḰᏅ) ⇟ 㗄⋡ ↵ ᅚ ᐔဋᏅ P ଖ 24 ᣣᧄੱߣߔᤨޔ⤪∛ߦߥࠆޕ 2.73(.923) 2.43(.883) 0.301 .000** 40 ᣣᧄ⺆߇ߖࠇ߫ޔዞ⡯ߩ࠴ࡖࡦࠬ߇ࠆޕ 1.93(.873) 1.62(.687) 0.317 .000** 45 ᬺએᄖߢߪޔ⊕ಽߩ࿖ߩ⸒⪲ࠍ߁ߎߣ߇ᄙޕ 2.17(.847) 1.87(.734) 0.292 .000** 9 ৻ߟએߩᄖ࿖⺆ࠍߖࠆੱߪ㗡߇ޕ 3.04(.909) 2.80(.850) 0.242 .001** 21 ᣣᧄ⺆ࠍߔᤨޔ㑆㆑ߞߚߎߣࠍ⸒߁ߩ߇ᕯߕ߆ߒޕ 2.55(.991) 2.28(.755) 0.272 .001** 18 ᣣᧄ⺆ߢੱ೨ߢ⊒ߔࠆߩ߇ᕯߕ߆ߒޕ 2.64(.795) 2.43(.812) 0.208 .002* 42 ⑳ߪᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅߚޕ 1.58(.775) 1.41(.639) 0.171 .007* 30 ⥄ಽ⥄りߢ㗴ߩ⸃ࠍߟߌࠆߩ߇ᅢ߈ߛޕ 2.34(.740) 2.53(.671) -0.191 .001** 19 ᣣᧄ⺆ߩᬺߢߪޔߟ߽Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦ⾰ߒߚࠅޔߒߚࠅߔࠆޕ 3.11(.722) 3.25(.652) -0.143 .010* 33 ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆⠌ᓧࠍ㒖ኂߔࠆ߽ߩߦߟߡᢎᏧߣߔޕ 2.67(.810) 2.80(.771) -0.136 .043* 5.4 ߩ࿁╵⚿ᨐ߆ࠄޔ↵ᅚߢᗧᏅ߇ߚߩߪ⸥ 10 㗄⋡ߢߞߚޕ 㗄⋡24, 40, 45, 9, 21, 18, 42 ߩᐔဋᏅߪࡊࠬߢࠅޔߟ߹ࠅޔᅚᕈ߇↵ᕈࠃࠅ 㜞ะࠍ␜ߒߡࠆ(ᅚᕈߩ߶߁߇࿁╵୯ᐔဋ߇ዊߐ㧕ޕㅒߦޔ㗄⋡ 30 ,19 ,33 ߩᐔဋᏅߪࡑࠗ࠽ࠬߢࠅޔߟ߹ࠅޔ↵ᕈ߇ᅚᕈࠃࠅ㜞ะ߇ߐࠇߚ(↵ᕈ ߩ߶߁߇࿁╵୯ᐔဋ߇ዊߐ㧕ޕ (1) ᅚᕈ߇↵ᕈࠃࠅ㜞ะ߇ߐࠇࠆ㗄⋡ 㗄⋡24ޟᣣᧄੱߣߔᤨޔ⤪∛ߦߥࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡40ޟᣣᧄ⺆߇ߖࠇ߫ޔዞ⡯ߩ࠴ࡖࡦࠬ߇ࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡45ޟᬺએᄖߢߪޔ⥄ಽߩ࿖ߩ⸒⪲ࠍ߁ߎߣ߇ᄙޕޠ 㗄⋡9ޟ৻ߟએߩᄖ࿖⺆ࠍߖࠆੱߪ㗡߇ޕޠ
㗄⋡21ޟᣣᧄ⺆ࠍߔᤨޔ㑆㆑ߞߚߎߣࠍ⸒߁ߩ߇ᕯߕ߆ߒޕޠ 㗄⋡18ޟᣣᧄ⺆ߢੱ೨ߢ⊒ߔࠆߩ߇ᕯߕ߆ߒޕޠ 㗄⋡42ޟ⑳ߪᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅߚޕޠ (2) ↵ᕈ߇ᅚᕈࠃࠅ㜞ะ߇ߐࠇࠆ㗄⋡ 㗄⋡30ޟ⥄ಽ⥄りߢ㗴ߩ⸃ࠍߟߌࠆߩ߇ᅢ߈ߛޕޠ 㗄⋡19ޟᣣᧄ⺆ߩᬺߢߪޔߟ߽Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦ⾰ߒߚࠅޔߒߚࠅߔࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡33ޟ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆⠌ᓧࠍ㒖ኂߔࠆ߽ߩߦߟߡᢎᏧߣߔޕޠ એߩ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄޔ↵ᅚߩ㑆ߦࠆ⒟ᐲߩࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ߿Ꮕ⇣߇ሽߒߡࠆߣ ߁ߎߣ߇್ߒߚޕ↵ᕈߩᣇ߇ޟᣣᧄ⺆ߩᬺߢߪޔߟ߽Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦ⾰ߒߚ ࠅޔߒߚࠅߔࠆޕޠޔߐࠄߦޔޟ⥄ಽ⥄りߢ㗴ߩ⸃ࠍߟߌࠆߩ߇ᅢ߈ߛޕޠޔ ޟ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆⠌ᓧࠍ㒖ኂߔࠆ߽ߩߦߟߡᢎᏧߣߔޕޠߣ߁ࡆࡈࠍᜬߞ ߡ߅ࠅޔߟ߹ࠅޔቇ⠌ߩ㗴߇⊒↢ߒߚᤨ߽ޔ⥄ಽ⥄りߢߘߩ⸃╷ࠍតߞߚ ࠅᢎᏧߣߦ⸃ߦദߚࠅߔࠆะߦࠆޕ৻ᣇޔᅚᕈߩᣇ߇ޟᣣᧄ⺆߇ߖ ࠇ߫ޔዞ⡯ߩ࠴ࡖࡦࠬ߇ࠆޕޠߣ߁ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⠌ᓧࠍዞ⡯ߩ࠴ࡖࡦࠬߩ ᚻᲑߣᝒ߃ޔᒝౕ⊛േᯏࠍᜬߞߡࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡࠆ߇ޔޟᣣᧄੱߣߔᤨޔ ⤪∛ߦߥࠆޕޠޔޟᣣᧄ⺆ࠍߔᤨޔ㑆㆑ߞߚߎߣࠍ⸒߁ߩ߇ᕯߕ߆ߒޕޠޔޟੱ೨ ߢߩ⊒߇ህޠߣ߁ᕯߕ߆ߒ߇ࠆะ߇ᒝࠃ߁ߦᕁ߃ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ↵ᕈࠃࠅ ⥄ାࠍᜬߞߡߥߣ߁ߎߣ߇߁߆߇߃ࠆޕ 5.5 ᚑ❣ߩᏅߦࠃࠆࡆࡈߩ㆑ Horwitz(1987)ߪޔ⺋ߞߚࡆࡈߪ㕖ല₸⊛ߥቇ⠌ࠬ࠻࠹ࠫ߳ߣዉߊޕߘߎ ߢޔᚑ❣ਅ⠪ߪ㕖ല₸⊛ߥቇ⠌ࠬ࠻࠹ࠫࠍޔᚑ❣⠪ߪല₸⊛ߥቇ⠌ࠬ ࠻࠹ࠫࠍᜬߞߡࠆߣቯߒߚߢޔᚑ❣ਅ⠪ߦᚑ❣⠪ߩᜬߞߡࠆ ല₸⊛ߢޔࡊࠬᣇะߩࡆࡈߩᄢಾߐߦ᳇ߠ߆ߖࠆࠃ߁ߥ࠻࠾ࡦࠣ8ࠍᣉ ߖ߫ޔᚑ❣ਅ⠪ߩᣣᧄ⺆⢻ജ߇ะߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇߃ߡ᧪ࠆޕ 8 Dickinson(1987)ߪቇ⠌⠪࠻࠾ࡦࠣࠍޟߤ߁߿ߞߡᱜߒᢎ᧚ࠍ↪ࠆ߆ޔߤ߁߿ߞߡ⥄ಽߚ ߜ⥄りߩߎߣࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ߆ޔߥߤߥߤߩߎߣࠍቇ⠌⠪ߦᢎ߃ࠆߚߦ⠨᩺ߐࠇߚᵴേޠߣߒߡࠆ ߇ޔߎߎߢߪ⸒⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߩౝ⋭߿ޔᢎᏧߥߤ߆ࠄߩ␜ໂ߿ࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬߦࠃߞߡޔቇ⠌ᵴേߩᡷༀ ࠍ࿑ߞߡߊߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆᵴേ৻⥸ߩߎߣߣߔࠆޕ
ߘߎߢޔߎߎߢߪޔᚑ❣ߩᏅߦࠃࠆቇ⠌⠪ߩᜬߟࡆࡈࠍਃߟߩࠣ࡞ࡊޔ ߟ߹ࠅޔᚑ❣⟲(ᐔဋ 80 ὐએ)ߣᚑ❣ਛ⟲(ᐔဋ 79㨪70 ὐ)ߣᚑ❣ਅ⟲(ᐔ ဋ 69 ὐએਅ)ߦಽߌߡᲧセߒߚޕ3 ࠣ࡞ࡊߩࡆࡈߩᏅ⇣ࠍࠆ⋡⊛ߢޔߔ ߴߡߩ㗄⋡(45 㗄⋡)ߦኻߒߡޔANOVA ಽᨆߦࠃߞߡಽᨆߔࠆߣޔᗧߥᏅ(㗼⪺ ᕈp <.05)߇ࠄࠇߚߩߪޔ4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 19, 22, 24, 27,32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42 ߣ߁ 20 㗄⋡(ోߩ 44%)ߢࠆޕߘߩਛりࠍ Tukey HSD ᄙ㊀ಽᨆߔ ࠆߣޔ5.5 ߩࠃ߁ߦ߹ߣࠄࠇࠆޕ 5.5 Tukey HSD ᄙ㊀ಽᨆߩ⚿ᨐ ⇟ 㗄⋡ ANOVA p ଖ ਛਅ9⟲ ᗧᏅ 4 ⑳ߪࠈࠈߥᢎቶᵴേߦ߁߹ߊෳടߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ 0.000 <ਛ ; <ਅ 5 ⑳ߪㆊߦᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌ߦᚑഞߒߚ⚻㛎߇ࠆޕ 0.002 <ਅ ; ਛ<ਅ 6 ⑳ߪᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌ߦߟߡ․ߥᚽ⢻ࠍᜬߞߡࠆޕ 0.000 <ਅ ; ਛ<ਅ 11 ᣣᧄ⺆ߪ(1)ߣߡ߽㔍ߒ⸒⺆ߛޕ(2)㔍ߒ⸒⺆ߛޕ(3)߰ߟ߁ (4)ᤃߒ⸒⺆ߛޕ(5)ߣߡ߽ᤃߒ⸒⺆ߛޕ 0.000 >ਛ ;>ਅ 12 ⑳ߪߟ߆ᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߣᕁ߁ޕ 0.000 <ਛ<ਅ 13 ᣣᧄ⺆ߪᦠߊࠃࠅߔ߶߁߇㔍ߒޕ 0.001 <ਅ 14 ᣣᧄ⺆ߪ⡞ߊࠃࠅߔ߶߁߇㔍ߒޕ 0.007 <ਅ 19 ᣣᧄ⺆ߩᬺߢߪޔߟ߽Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦ⾰ߒߚࠅޔߒߚࠅߔࠆޕ 0.007 <ਛ 22 ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⊒ߪ⥄ା߇ߥ߇ޔ⥄ಽߩ࿖ߩߎߣ߫ߢߥࠄޔ⥄ା߇ࠆޕ 0.016 >ਛ 24 ᣣᧄੱߣߔߣ߈ޔ⤪∛ߦߥࠆޕ 0.002 >ਛ 27 ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆ߩീᒝᣇᴺࠍᜬߞߡࠆޕ 0.000 <ਛ<ਅ 32 ⥄ಽߩ㑆㆑ࠍ⥄ಽߢ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢߔࠆᤨޔ৻⇟ቇ⠌ߢ߈ࠆޕ 0.001 <ਅ ; ਛ<ਅ 33 ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆⠌ᓧࠍ㒖ኂߔࠆ߽ߩߦߟߡᢎᏧߣߔޕ 0.004 <ਛ 9 㧦ᚑ❣⟲(ᐔဋ 80 ὐએ)ޔਛ㧦ᚑ❣ਛ⟲(ᐔဋ 79㨪70 ὐ)ޔਅ㧦ᚑ❣ਅ⟲(ᐔဋ 69 ὐએ ਅ)ߢࠆޕ
⇟ 㗄⋡ ANOVA p ଖ ਛਅ10⟲ ᗧᏅ 34 ⑳ߪദജߔࠇ߫ᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߥࠆߣାߓߡࠆޕ 0.001 <ਛ ; <ਅ 36 ⚦߆㑆㆑ࠍ᳇ߦߖߕޔⓍᭂ⊛ߦᣣᧄ⺆ࠍߔߴ߈ߛޕ 0.004 <ਅ 37 ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⊒㖸ߪ⡞߈߿ߔߣᕁ߁ޕ 0.002 <ਅ ; ਛ<ਅ 38 ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ߩߤߩㇱಽࠍᡷༀߔࠆߴ߈߆ࠊ߆ߞߡࠆޕ 0.000 <ਛ ; <ਅ 39 ⑳ߪᣣᧄੱߩ㆐߇߶ߒޕ 0.000 <ਛ ; <ਅ 40 ᣣᧄ⺆߇ߖࠇ߫ޔዞ⡯ߩ࠴ࡖࡦࠬ߇ࠆޕ 0.007 <ਅ ; ਛ<ਅ 42 ⑳ߪᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅߚޕ 0.000 <ਛ<ਅ 5.5 ߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄޔᚑ❣⟲ޔᚑ❣ਛ⟲ޔᚑ❣ਅ⟲ߩቇ⠌⠪ߢᗧᏅ߇ ߚߩߪਅ⸥ߩࠃ߁ߢࠆޕ (1) ᚑ❣⟲߇ᚑ❣ਛ⟲ࠃࠅ㜞ะ߇ߐࠇߚ㗄⋡ 㗄⋡4ޟࠈࠈߥᢎቶᵴേߦ߁߹ߊෳടߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡12ޟ⑳ߪߟ߆ᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡19ޟᣣᧄ⺆ߩᬺߢߪޔߟ߽Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦ⾰ߒߚࠅޔߒߚࠅߔࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡27ޟ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆ߩീᒝᣇᴺࠍᜬߞߡࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡33ޟ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆⠌ᓧࠍ㒖ኂߔࠆ߽ߩߦߟߡᢎᏧߣߔޕޠ 㗄⋡34ޟ⑳ߪദജߔࠇ߫ᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߥࠆߣାߓߡࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡38ޟ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ߩߤߩㇱಽࠍᡷༀߔࠆߴ߈߆ࠊ߆ߞߡࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡39ޟ⑳ߪᣣᧄੱߩ㆐߇߶ߒޕޠ 㗄⋡42ޟ⑳ߪᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅߚޕޠ 10 㧦ᚑ❣⟲(ᐔဋ 80 ὐએ)ޔਛ㧦ᚑ❣ਛ⟲(ᐔဋ 79㨪70 ὐ)ޔਅ㧦ᚑ❣ਅ⟲(ᐔဋ 69 ὐ એਅ)ߢࠆޕ
(2) ᚑ❣⟲߇ᚑ❣ਅ⟲ࠃࠅ㜞ะ߇ߐࠇߚ㗄⋡ 㗄⋡4ޟࠈࠈߥᢎቶᵴേߦ߁߹ߊෳടߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡5ޟ⑳ߪㆊߦᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌ߦᚑഞߒߚ⚻㛎߇ࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡6ޟ⑳ߪᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌ߦߟߡ․ߥᚽ⢻ࠍᜬߞߡࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡12ޟ⑳ߪߟ߆ᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡13ޟᣣᧄ⺆ߪᦠߊࠃࠅߔ߶߁߇㔍ߒޕޠ 㗄⋡14ޟᣣᧄ⺆ߪ⡞ߊࠃࠅߔ߶߁߇㔍ߒޕޠ 㗄⋡27ޟ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆ߩീᒝᣇᴺࠍᜬߞߡࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡32ޟ⥄ಽߩ㑆㆑ࠍ⥄ಽߢ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢߔࠆᤨޔ৻⇟ቇ⠌ߢ߈ࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡34ޟ⑳ߪദജߔࠇ߫ᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߥࠆߣାߓߡࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡36ޟ⚦߆㑆㆑ࠍ᳇ߦߖߕޔⓍᭂ⊛ߦᣣᧄ⺆ࠍߔߴ߈ߛޕޠ 㗄⋡37ޟ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⊒㖸ߪ⡞߈߿ߔߣᕁ߁ޕޠ 㗄⋡38ޟ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ߩߤߩㇱಽࠍᡷༀߔࠆߴ߈߆ࠊ߆ߞߡࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡39ޟ⑳ߪᣣᧄੱߩ㆐߇߶ߒޕޠ 㗄⋡40ޟᣣᧄ⺆߇ߖࠇ߫ޔዞ⡯ߩ࠴ࡖࡦࠬ߇ࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡42ޟ⑳ߪᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅߚޕޠ (3) ᚑ❣ਛ⟲߇ᚑ❣ਅ⟲ࠃࠅ㜞ะ߇ߐࠇߚ㗄⋡ 㗄⋡5ޟ⑳ߪㆊߦᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌ߦᚑഞߒߚ⚻㛎߇ࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡6ޟ⑳ߪᄖ࿖⺆ቇ⠌ߦߟߡ․ߥᚽ⢻ࠍᜬߞߡࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡12ޟ⑳ߪߟ߆ᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡27ޟ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆ߩീᒝᣇᴺࠍᜬߞߡࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡32ޟ⥄ಽߩ㑆㆑ࠍ⥄ಽߢ࠴ࠚ࠶ࠢߔࠆᤨޔ৻⇟ቇ⠌ߢ߈ࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡37ޟ⥄ಽߩᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⊒㖸ߪ⡞߈߿ߔߣᕁ߁ޕޠ 㗄⋡40ޟᣣᧄ⺆߇ߖࠇ߫ޔዞ⡯ߩ࠴ࡖࡦࠬ߇ࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡42ޟ⑳ߪᣣᧄ⺆߇ᚻߦߖࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅߚޕޠ (4) ᚑ❣ਛ⟲߇ᚑ❣⟲ࠃࠅ㜞ะ߇ߐࠇߚ㗄⋡ 㗄⋡11ޟᣣᧄ⺆ߪ(1)ߣߡ߽㔍ߒ⸒⺆ߛޕ(2)㔍ߒ⸒⺆ߛޕ(3)߰ߟ߁ (4)ᤃߒ⸒⺆ߛޕ(5)ߣߡ߽ᤃߒ⸒⺆ߛޕޠ
㗄⋡22ޟᣣᧄ⺆ߩ⊒ߪ⥄ା߇ߥ߇ޔ⥄ಽߩ࿖ߩߎߣ߫ߢߥࠄޔ⥄ା ߇ࠆޕޠ 㗄⋡24ޟᣣᧄੱߣߔߣ߈ޔ⤪∛ߦߥࠆޕޠ (5) ᚑ❣ਅ⟲߇ᚑ❣⟲ࠃࠅ㜞ะ߇ߐࠇߚ㗄⋡ 㗄⋡11ޟᣣᧄ⺆ߪ(1)ߣߡ߽㔍ߒ⸒⺆ߛޕ(2)㔍ߒ⸒⺆ߛޕ(3)߰ߟ߁ (4)ᤃߒ⸒⺆ߛޕ(5)ߣߡ߽ᤃߒ⸒⺆ߛޕޠ એߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄޔᚑ❣⟲(ᐔဋ 80 ὐએ)ߣᚑ❣ਛ⟲(ᐔဋ 79㨪70 ὐ)ߣᚑ ❣ਅ⟲(ᐔဋ 69 ὐએਅ)ߩࡆࡈߩ㑆ߦࠆ⒟ᐲߩࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ߿Ꮕ⇣߇ሽߒߡ ࠆߣ߁ߎߣ߇್ߒߚޕᚑ❣ਛ⟲ߣᚑ❣ਅ⟲߇ᚑ❣⟲ࠃࠅᣣᧄ⺆ߪ 㔍ߒߣᗵߓߡࠆޕ߹ߚޔࠆࡆࡈࠍᒝߊᜬߞߡࠆ߆ุ߆߇ቇ⠌ߩᚑഞ ߣ⚿߮ߟߊน⢻ᕈ߇ࠆߎߣ߇ߐࠇߚޕᚑ❣ਅ⟲ߪ⥄Ꮖߦุቯ⊛ߥࠗࡔ ࠫࠍᛴߡ߅ࠅޔߘࠇ߇ᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌߳ߩ⥄ାࠍૐਅߐߖޔࠢࠬߢߩⓍᭂ⊛ߥ⊒ ⸒ࠍᛥߒߡࠆߩߢߪߥ߆ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ
6. ߅ࠊࠅߦ
ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪޔบḧߩᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߩ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ࡆࡈߦߟߡ⠨ኤ ߒߚޕㄭᐕᕆㅦߦᢛߐࠇߚบḧߩ㜞╬ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦ߅ߌࠆᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ߩਛߢޔᣣ ᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߩࡆࡈࠍᛠីߒℂ⸃ߢ߈ߚߎߣߪᗧ⟵ᷓߎߣߢߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠆޕ ࡆࡈ⎇ⓥߪቇ⠌⠪ߦߟߡ✚ว⊛ߦ⍮ࠅޔߘࠇࠍࡃ࠶ࠢࠕ࠶ࡊߔࠆߎߣߦ ⽸₂ߔࠆޕቇ⠌⠪ߩࡆࡈߪޔࠞࠠࡘࡓߩ࠺ࠩࠗࡦࠍᚑߒߚࠅޔലᨐ⊛ ߥࠢࠬᵴേࠍ⠨߃ߚࠅߔࠆ㓙ߦෳ⠨ߦߢ߈ࠆᜰᮡߢࠅޔࡆࡈࠍᛠីߔࠆ ߎߣߪᜰዉߔࠆߦߣߞߡ↪ߥ⾗ᢱߣߥࠆޕߟ߹ࠅޔࡆࡈࠍ⍮ࠆߎߣߦࠃ ࠅޔࠃࠅࠃࠢࠬᵴേߩᣇᴺࠍㆬᛯߒߚࠅޔޘߩቇ⠌⠪ߦࠃࠅㆡಾߥഥ⸒ࠍ ਈ߃ᜰዉߒߡߊߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ ࿁ᓧߚ࠺࠲ߪޔᢎᴺ߿ᢎᵴേࠍᡷༀߔࠆߚߩᖱႎߣߒߡᵴ↪ߒࠃ߁ ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆ߇ޔߎࠇߦࠃࠅบḧߩቇ⠌⠪ߦㆡߒߚࠢࠬᵴേߥࠅᢎᴺ߇ 㐿⊒น⢻ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕએߩὐࠍ〯߹߃ߡޔ$#..+ ߩน⢻ᕈ߿ᵴ↪ᣇᴺߦߟߡᬌ⸛ߒޔᎿᄦߒߡ ߊߎߣ߇ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߢࠆޕ߹ߚޔߘߩࡆࡈߣቇ⠌ࠬ࠻࠹ࠫߣߩ㑐ଥࠍ ࠄ߆ߦߒߡ߆ߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥޕ࿁⺞ᩏߢࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ⠌ᾫᐲߩ㜞ᚑ ❣⟲ ቇ⠌⠪ߩࡆࡈ߇ޔߤߩࠃ߁ߥࠬ࠻࠹ࠫߣ⚿߮ߟߡࠆߩ߆ޔ ࡆࡈߣቇ⠌ࠬ࠻࠹ࠫߣߩ㑐ㅪᕈࠍㅊ᳞ߔࠆߎߣ߽ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߩ৻ߟߢ ࠆޕ ⻢ㄉ ᧄ⺞ᩏߦߚࠅޔᓮදജ㗂߈߹ߒߚᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪ޔᣣᧄ⺆ᢎᏧߩ⊝᭽ߦෘߊᓮ␞ ↳ߒߍ߹ߔޕ ઃ⸥ ᧄⓂߪⴕ㒮࿖ኅ⑼ቇᆔຬળߩ⎇ⓥഥᚑ㧔ഥᚑ⇟ภ98-2410-H-126-025㧕ߦࠃࠆ⎇ ⓥᚑᨐߩ৻ㇱߢࠆޕ
ෳ⠨ᢥ₂
Ellis, R. The Study of Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (1994).
Horwitz, E. K. "Surveying student beliefs about language learning", In Anita Wenden and Joan Rubin (eds.) Learner Strategies in Language Learning, Prentice-Hall International (UK) Ltd., (1987): 119-129.
Oxford, R.L. Language learning Strategies: What every teacher should know. Newbury House. (1990).
Rubin, Joan. "Learner strategies: Theoretical assumptions, research history and typology", In Anita Wenden and Joan Rubin (eds.) Learner Strategies in Language Learning, Prentice-Hall International (UK) Ltd., (1987): 15-30. Sakui, K. and Gaies, S.J. Investigating Japanese learners’ beliefs about language
learning.System27, (1999): 473-492. 㒙ㇱᣂޟࠬࡍࠗࡦࡑ࠼࠼ߩᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߩ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ࡆࡈޠ ޡฬฎደᄖ࿖⺆ᄢቇᄖ࿖⺆ቇㇱ♿ⷐޢ╙37ภޔฬฎደᄖ࿖⺆ᄢቇޔ2009ޔ25-62 㗁ޕ ᧼⟤ޟ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߦߟߡߩਛ࿖ቇ⠌⠪ߩBELIEFS-ᶏᓳᣤᄢቇߩࠕࡦࠤ ࠻⺞ᩏࠃࠅޡ╳ᵄᄢቇ⇐ቇ↢ࡦ࠲ᣣᧄ⺆⺰㓸ޢ╙12 ภޔ╳ᵄᄢቇ⇐ቇ ↢ࡦ࠲ޔ1997ޔ63-88 㗁ޕ ᧼⟤ޟਛ࿖ੱቇ⠌⠪ߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ߦኻߔࠆBELIEFS ߦߟߡ৻㚅᷼ 4 ᄢቇߢ ߩࠕࡦࠤ࠻⺞ᩏ߆ࠄޠޡᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ޢ╙104 ภ ޔᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ቇળޔ2000ޔ 69-78 㗁ޕ ጟፒᥓᏆޟᲣ⺆⠪ᢎᏧߣ㕖Უ⺆⠪ᢎᏧߩBELIEFSᲧセɆᣣᧄߣਛ࿖ߩᣣᧄ⺆ ᢎᏧߩ႐วɆޠޡᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ޢ╙110 ภޔᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ቇળޔ2001ޔ110-119㗁ޕ ጟፒ⌏ጟፒᢅ⎽ޡࠤࠬࠬ࠲࠺ࠖᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ޢ1992 ߅߁߰߁ޕ ጟፒ⌏ޟᢎᴺߩᬺ߇ฃ⻠↢ߩᜬߟ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߦߟߡߩ⏕ାߦ߷ߔലᨐޠޡᣣ ᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ޢ╙89 ภޔᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ቇળޔ1996ޔ25-38 㗁ޕ ᩿Ḱੑޟࡈࠖࡇࡦߦ߅ߌࠆᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߩ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ Beliefs ࡈࠖࡇࡦᄢ ቇᣣᧄ⺆ฃ⻠↢⺞ᩏ߆ࠄ ޠޡᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒♿ⷐޢ╙ 1 ภޔ࿖㓙ᵹၮ㊄ᣣᧄ ⺆࿖㓙ࡦ࠲ޔ2005ޔ85-101 㗁ޕ ዊේ♿ሶᩙේ⟤ޟࠗࡦ࠼ࡀࠪࠕߦ߅ߌࠆ㜞ᩞᣣᧄ⺆ᢎᏧ⎇ୃߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻⠨ ኤɆࠫࡖࡢᎺ᧲ࠫࡖࡢᎺߩࡆࡈ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐࠍㅢߒߡɆޠޡᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒♿ ⷐޢ╙4ภޔ࿖㓙ᵹၮ㊄ᣣᧄ⺆࿖㓙ࡦ࠲ޔ2008ޔ27-40㗁ޕ
⚦↰㓷દ⮮సᶈ᳓↰⋥⟤ޟᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߣᣣᧄ⺆ᢎᏧ㙃ᚑ⺖⒟ᄢቇ↢ߩᣣ ᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡆࡈޠޡᐢፉᄢቇᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ቇ⑼♿ⷐޢ╙4ภޔᐢፉᄢ ቇᢎ⢒ቇㇱᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ቇ⑼ޔ1994ޔ85-90㗁ޕ 㜞ፒਃජઍޟࡈࠖࡇࡦ㨯ࡑ࠾㚂ㇺߩᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߩࡆࡈ ᱧผ⊛␠ળ⊛⢛᥊ߩⷞὐ߆ࠄߩ⠨ኤޠޡᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒♿ⷐޢ╙ 2 ภ ޔ࿖㓙 ᵹၮ㊄ᣣᧄ⺆࿖㓙ࡦ࠲ޔ2006ޔ65-80 㗁ޕ ᯅᧄᵗੑޟ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߦߟߡߩBELIEFS ᛠីߩߚߩ⹜ߺ- BALLI ࠍ↪ߡޠޡᣣ ᧄ⺆⺰㓸ޢ╙8 ภޔ╳ᵄᄢቇ⇐ቇ↢ࡦ࠲ޔ1993ޔ215-241 㗁ޕ ㇱ⟤⾆ޟบḧߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߩ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ߩޟ⏕ାޠߦߟߡޠޡ᧲੩ኅቇ㒮╳ ᵄᅚሶᄢቇ♿ⷐޢ╙㧢㓸ޔ᧲੩ኅቇ㒮╳ᵄᅚሶᄢቇޔ2002ޔ169-183 㗁ޕ ᧁሶޟ⡯ᣣᧄ⺆ᢎᏧߩ⸒⺆ᢎ⢒ⷰɆ⦟ᣣᧄ⺆ᢎᏧߩಽᨆࠍ߽ߣߦޠޡᣣ ᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒⺰㓸ޢ╙20 ภޔ࿖┙࿖⺆⎇ⓥᚲᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ࡦ࠲ޔ2004ޔ50-58 㗁ޕ ᨋᾆޟ⡯ᬺ㜞ᩞߩ↢ᓤߩᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ߦ㑐ߔࠆࡆࡈߩ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥࠞࠠࡘࡓ 㐿⊒ߩࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ߣߒߡޠޡบḧᔕ↪ᣣ⺆⎇ⓥޢ╙2 ᦼޔบḧᔕ↪ᣣ⺆ቇળޔ 2005ޔ76-94 㗁ޕ ⧯⺈ੑጤỈብޟࡂࡦࠟੱᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌⠪ߩࡆࡈࠬޠޡᣣᧄ⺆࿖㓙ࡦ ࠲♿ⷐޢ ╙ 14 ภޔ࿖㓙ᵹၮ㊄ᣣᧄ⺆࿖㓙ࡦޔ2004ޔ123-144 㗁ޕ ↰ޟࠬࡦࠞߩᄢቇ↢ߩ⸒⺆ቇ⠌ࡆࡈ߆ࠄᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒ᡷༀࠍ⠨߃ࠆޠ ޡᣣᧄ⺆ᢎ⢒♿ⷐޢ╙3 ภ ޔ࿖㓙ᵹၮ㊄ᣣᧄ⺆࿖㓙ࡦ࠲ޔ2007ޔ13-28 㗁ޕ ๓①ฃޟᣣᧄ⺆ቇ⠌ߦ߅ߌࠆࡆࡈߣቇ⠌ࠬ࠻࠹ࠫߩ㑐ଥ㧙ᣣᧄ⺆ࠍኾ㐷 ߣߔࠆ㖧࿖ੱᄢቇ↢ࠍኻ⽎ߦ㧙ޠޡߎߣ߫ߩ⑼ቇޢ╙ 20 ภޔฬฎደᄢቇ⸒⺆ ᢥൻ⎇ⓥળޔ2007ޔ49-64 㗁ޕ
