神山神話在中古遊仙題材詩賦中的書寫研究

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(1)國立政治大學中國文學系九十五學年度碩士學位論文. 指導教授：高莉芬老師. 神山神話在中古遊仙題材詩賦中的書寫研究. 學生：黃家家. 2007 年 6 月.

(2) 序：仗劍江湖. 我畢業了！突然間揮別近二十年的學生身分，非常不習慣。除了悠遊卡升級成彩色版之外，電影票也貴了 40 元，還是不習慣。出道比別人晚，所以還像不怕風浪的小老虎；入社會、找工作，處處透著新鮮。但人說，職場是爾虞我詐、血雨腥風，等不到下一輪太平盛世。就算是吧。也要痛痛快快玩一場。一蓑煙雨、仗劍江湖，不是高來高去的俠客，還是可以帶幾分俠氣。白紙黑字寫在這裡，期許自己，二十年後，仍能有如此豪情。 ☆. ☆. ☆. 感謝家家的爸爸、媽媽和妹妹，感謝指導教授高莉芬老師，以及兩位口委李清筠老師、鄭文惠老師，感謝一路給我鼓勵、指引的曹淑娟老師、丁敏老師，感謝鴻鈞、啟倫和神話學研究群夥伴的爭辯、傾聽與砥礪，也感謝其它曾經擦身的朋友們。. 黃家家 2007.07.16. I.

(3) 神山神話在中古遊仙題材詩賦中的書寫研究. 目錄第一章. 緒論：神山神話——中古遊仙題材詩賦研究的新視角·····················3. 第一節研究動機與目的 ······················································································································3 第二節研究對象與範圍的界定··········································································································6 一、研究對象的界定 ················································································································ 6 二、研究範圍的界定 ·············································································································· 12 第三節前人研究成果回顧················································································································14 一、神山神話的研究成果 ······································································································ 14 二、遊仙題材詩歌的研究成果 ······························································································ 17 三、遊仙題材辭賦的研究成果 ······························································································ 19 第四節研究方法 ································································································································21 第五節研究架構與內容概述············································································································22. 第二章. 神山神話與仙境——中古遊仙題材詩賦的空間書寫 ······················25. 第一節巍峩之勢——崑崙神山與中古遊仙題材詩賦的神話空間···············································27 一、地理位置·························································································································· 28 二、自然環境·························································································································· 30 三、人文環境·························································································································· 33 四、特殊植物·························································································································· 35 五、空間功能·························································································································· 37 第二節水波之間——蓬萊神山與中古遊仙題材詩賦的神話空間···············································40 一、地理位置·························································································································· 41 二、自然環境·························································································································· 42 三、人文環境·························································································································· 45 四、特殊植物·························································································································· 46 五、空間功能·························································································································· 48 第三節林泉之野——宇內名山與中古遊仙題材詩賦的神話空間···············································51 第四節小結 ········································································································································56 一、中古遊仙題材詩賦之仙境書寫的結構空間 ··································································· 56 二、中古遊仙題材詩賦之仙境書寫的主題化空間 ······························································· 58 三、相異神山系統在中古遊仙題材詩賦之仙境書寫中的不同呈現 ···································· 59 四、中古遊仙題材詩歌和辭賦之仙境書寫的比較 ······························································· 61 五、中古遊仙題材詩賦之仙境書寫與神山神話空間書寫的關係 ········································ 61. 第三章. 神山神話與仙人——中古遊仙題材詩賦的神仙形象 ······················63. 第一節崑崙神山之仙人領袖——執掌不死仙藥的西王母 ···························································67 一、上山或登臺——會見西王母的地點 ··············································································· 69 二、覲謁或飲食——會見西王母的形式 ··············································································· 73 三、長生不死——會見西王母的目的··················································································· 78 1.

(4) 四、青鳥與西王母·················································································································· 80 第二節蓬萊神山之仙人和帝王交遊——琴高、安期生與韓眾的形象異同·······························83 第三節崑崙神山和宇內名山系統混見之仙人典型和發展——赤松與王喬的角色分化 ··········89 一、神山、長生與飛行——松、喬及一般神仙的敘事典型 ················································ 95 二、昇仙引導——赤松神話的運用······················································································· 99 三、駕鶴之姿——王喬神話的運用····················································································· 100 第四節小結 ······································································································································102 一、中古遊仙題材詩賦之仙人形象的典型化與反覆書寫·················································· 102 二、中古遊仙題材詩歌和辭賦之仙人書寫的比較 ····························································· 104 三、中古遊仙題材詩賦之仙人書寫與神山神話仙人書寫的關係 ······································ 105 四、中古遊仙題材詩賦之仙人形象與文人投映 ································································· 105. 第四章. 神山神話與仙遊——中古遊仙題材詩賦的行遊展演 ····················107. 第一節神山通天——昇登世界中心的向上行遊 ·········································································109 一、上神山與遇仙、追仙 ·····································································································113 二、上神山與覓仙物、求道法 ·····························································································116 三、上神山與持志節、尋出路 ·····························································································118 第二節四方神山——超越凡俗空間的遠遊 ·················································································121 一、遊山與張望、求索 ········································································································ 123 二、遊山與覽世、超越 ········································································································ 125 三、遊山與抱負、困阨 ········································································································ 126 第三節神山隱逸——蕩漾沉靜之中的人間行遊 ·········································································128 一、入山修行以享長生 ········································································································ 129 二、入山避禍以離世亂 ········································································································ 131 三、入山逍遙以得自適 ········································································································ 134 四、入山徘徊以省情思 ········································································································ 137 第四節小結 ······································································································································142 一、中古遊仙題材詩賦之仙遊書寫的三種類型 ································································· 142 二、中古遊仙題材詩賦之仙遊書寫與神山神話的關係······················································ 143 三、中古遊仙題材詩歌和辭賦之仙遊書寫的偏好 ····························································· 144. 第五章. 結論：神山神話與文學——中古遊仙題材詩賦的創作特色··········147. 第一節集體的夢、時代的歌——神話與中古遊仙題材詩賦的神山神話·································147 第二節神山神話在中古遊仙題材詩歌的呈現 ·············································································150 第三節神山神話在中古遊仙題材辭賦的寓託 ·············································································152 第四節原型置換的意義——神山神話在中古遊仙題材詩賦的運用和比較·····························154 第五節省思與展望 ··························································································································157. 附表一中古遊仙題材詩賦篇目整理表··························································159 附表二崑崙神山神話文獻整理表 ·································································167 附表三蓬萊神山神話文獻整理表 ·································································171 參考書目 ······································································································176. 2.

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